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FIG. 8 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 8. — Python sp. from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1449 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; hk, haemal keel; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pd, paradiapophysis; po, postzygapophysis; pof, post zygapophyseal articular facet; pr, prezygapophysis; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; zy, zygosphene; zyf, zygosphenal facet; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIG. 7 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 7. — Bavarioboa cf. hermi from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Posterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1448 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in left lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Abbreviations: ct, cotyle; hk, haemal keel; ir, interzygapophyseal ridge; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pd, paradiapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; prp, prezygapophyseal process; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bar: 2 mm.

FIG. 6 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 6. — Ophisaurus and Anguinae indet. from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Trunk vertebra Pal. 1407 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) of Ophisaurus sp. in (A) lateral, (B) dorsal, (C) ventral, (D) anterior and (E) posterior aspects. Anguinae indet.: right coronoid Pal. 1408 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in (F) lateral, (G) medial and (H) dorsal aspects. Osteoderms Pal. 1577-1579 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in (I-K) external aspects. Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process; amp, anteromedial process; cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; dp, dorsal process; mr, medial ridge; muc, muscular crest; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; nt, notch; os, overlap surface; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; pp, posterior process; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; rd, ridge; scs, scupltured surface; syn, synapophysis. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIG. 11 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 11. — Colubridae gen. et sp. indet. from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Trunk vertebra Pal. 1484 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B) and cranial (C) views. Abbreviations: ct, cotyle; d, diapophysis; lf, lateral foramen; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pctf, paracotylar foramen; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; zy, zygosphene. Scale bar: 2 mm.

FIG. 3 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 3. — Amphisbaenia indet. from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. The trunk vertebra Pal. 1570 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in (A) lateral, (B) dorsal, (C) ventral, (D) anterior and (E) posterior aspects. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; nc, neural canal; po, postzygapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular fac- et; pr, prezygapophysis; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; scf, subcentral foramen; syn, synapophysis. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 16 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 16. — Elapidae gen. et sp. indet. from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Trunk vertebra Pal. 1500 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (A), dorsal (B), ventral (C), cranial (D) and caudal (E) views. Abbreviations: cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; hy, hypapophysis; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; sctt, subcotylar tubercle; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bar: 2 mm.

FIG. 14 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 14. — Viperinae ('Oriental vipers' group) from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Left maxilla Pal. 1501 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in rostral (A) and caudal (B) views. Fang Pal. 1502 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in anterolateral (C) view. Anterior trunk vertebra Pal. 1503 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (D), dorsal (E), ventral (F) and cranial (G) views. Trunk vertebra Pal. 1504 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (H) and cranial (I) views. Vertebra from the middle part of the trunk section Pal. 1505 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in right lateral (J), dorsal (K), ventral (L), cranial (M) and caudal (N) views. Abbreviations: can.den, dental canal; cd, condyle; ct, cotyle; fac. ecpt, facet for contact with ectopterygoid; hy, hypapophysis; ir, interzygapophyseal ridge; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pd, paradiapophysis; po, postzygapophysis; pof, postzygapophyseal articular facet; pp, parapophyseal process; pr, prezygapophysis; pr.asc, ascending process; prf, prezygapophyseal articular facet; r, ridge; scf, subcentral foramen; scg, subcentral groove; scr, subcentral ridge; sctc, subcotylar canal; zy, zygosphene; zyg, zygantrum. Scale bars: A-C, 2 mm; D-N, 5 mm.

FIG. 2 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 2. — Lacertidae indet. from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Left frontal Pal. 1565 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral aspects. Lacertidae indet. tooth morphotype 1: right maxilla Pal. 1566 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in (C) lateral and (D) medial aspects with detail of teeth. Left dentary Pal. 1567 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in (E) lateral and (F) medial aspects with detail of teeth. Right dentary Pal. 1568 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in (G) medial aspect with detail of teeth. Lacertidae indet. tooth morphotype 2: left dentary Pal. 1401 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in (H) medial aspect with detail of teeth. Abbreviations: dc, dental crest; fs, frontal shield; lf, labial foramen (foramina); lp, lateral process; mc, mesial cusp; Mg, Meckel`s groove; mp, medial process; prs, prefrontal shield; sbs, subdental shelf; sc, sulcus; srs, supradental shelf; st, striations. Scale bars: A-D, H, 1 mm; D', G', 100 µm; E-G, H', 500 µm; F', 200 µm.

FIG. 1 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 1. — Topographic position of the Mokrá-Western Quarry with 1/2001 Turtle Joint and 2/2003 Reptile Joint (A). Position of the 1/2001 Turtle Joint at floor 380 m a.s.l. and field excavation of the fissure deposits in 2002 (B). The 2/2003 Reptile Joint has been discovered only few meters on the left from the 1/2001 Turtle Joint (modified after Ivanov et al. 2006).

FIG. 5 in Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokrá-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications

FIG. 5. — Pseudopus from the early Miocene (MN 4) of MWQ. Pseudopus laurillardi: parietal Pal. 1574 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral aspects; parietal Pal. 1402 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in (C) dorsal and (D) ventral aspects. Pseudopus sp.: left maxilla Pal. 1575 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in (E) lateral and (F) medial aspects. Left quadrate Pal. 1576 (2/2003 Reptile Joint) in (G) lateral and (H) medial aspects. Right dentary Pal. 1403 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in (I) lateral, (J) medial and (K) dorsal aspects. Trunk vertebra Pal. 1404 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in (L) lateral, (M) dorsal, (N) ventral, (O) anterior and (P) posterior aspects. Trunk vertebra 1405 (1/2001 Turtle Joint) in (Q) anterior aspect. Abbreviations: are, arcuate edge; cc, cephalic condyle; cd, condyle; cf, facet for

FIG. 3 in Catching tuna in the Aegean: biological background of tuna fisheries and the archaeological implications

FIG. 3. — Beach seine fishing scene on a Mycenean hydria (12th c. BC) from Naxos. The large fish in the net are probably tuna (reproduced from Hadjianastasiou 1991).

FIG. 2 in Catching tuna in the Aegean: biological background of tuna fisheries and the archaeological implications

FIG. 2. — Thynnus sp. bones from Late Classical strata (400-300 BC) at Kalaureia, Poros island. Scale bar: 4 cm. Credits: D. Mylona, Kalaureia excavations photographic archive.

FIG. 5 in Catching tuna in the Aegean: biological background of tuna fisheries and the archaeological implications

FIG. 5. — Sketch of a thynneion (stationary tuna trap) at Kandylio a few short distance north of Halieis (reproduced from Panagiotopoulos 1914).

FIG. 4 in Catching tuna in the Aegean: biological background of tuna fisheries and the archaeological implications

FIG. 4. — Wall painting of one of the two Little Fishermen from the so called West House at Akrotiri,Thera. The fish he holds are little tunny (Euthynnus allet- teratus Rafinesque, 1810) or bullet tunny (Auxis rochei Risso, 1810) (reproduced from Doumas 1992).

Supplementary material for "The inner ear anatomy of glyptodonts and pampatheres (Xenarthra, Cingulata): functional and phylogenetic implications"

Left_inner_ear_Doedicurus.stl: digital model of the inner ear of Doedicurus in stl format. Left_inner_ear_Glyptodon.stl: digital model of the inner ear of Glyptodon in stl format. Left_inner_ear_Holmesina.stl: digital model of the inner ear of Holmesina in stl format. Left_inner_ear_Panochthus.stl: digital model of the inner ear of Panochthus in stl format. Left_inner_ear_Pseudoplohophorus.stl: digital model of the inner ear of Pseudoplohophorus in stl format. Matrix.nex: Matrix used to perform the phylogenetic analysis of xenarthrans based on inner ear characters. PC1, PC2, PC3 loadings plot.pdf: Figures showing the loadings of the morphometric variables in each of the first three principal components. Principal Components Analysis.xlsx: Spreadsheet  with the results of the Principal Components Analysis: PC summary, PC scores, and PC loadings. Table S1. Deviation from orthogonality.pdf: Deviation from orthogonality (log1090var), and agility categories from Spoor et al. (2007). Tree-PGLS.tre: Tree based on the most recent phylogenetic hypotheses using molecular and morphological data and time-scaled a posteriori, to perform the PGLS analysis with the morphological data of the inner ear.

opencc-zeroNov 2014View details →

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Data from: Effect of culling on individual badger (Meles meles) behaviour: potential implications for bovine tuberculosis transmission

1. Culling wildlife as a form of disease management can have unexpected and sometimes counterproductive outcomes. In the UK, badgers (Meles meles) are culled in efforts to reduce badger-to-cattle transmission of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB). However, culling has previously been associated with both increased and decreased incidence of M. bovis infection in cattle. 2. The adverse effects of culling have been linked to cull-induced changes in badger ranging, but such changes are not well documented at the individual level. Using GPS-collars, we characterised individual badger behaviour within an area subjected to widespread industry-led culling, comparing it with the same area before culling and with three unculled areas. 3. Culling was associated with a 61% increase (95% CI 27-103%) in monthly home range size, a 39% increase (95% CI 28-51%) in nightly maximum distance from the sett, and a 17% increase (95% CI 11-24%) in displacement between successive GPS-collar locations recorded at 20-minute intervals. Despite travelling further, we found a 91.2 minute (95% CI 67.1-115.3 minute) reduction in the nightly activity time of individual badgers associated with culling. These changes became apparent while culls were ongoing and persisted after culling ended. 4. Expanded ranging in culled areas was associated with individual badgers visiting 45% (95% CI 15-80%) more fields each month, suggesting that surviving individuals had the opportunity to contact more cattle. Moreover, surviving badgers showed a 19.9-fold increase (95% CI 10.8-36.4 increase) in the odds of trespassing into neighbouring group territories, increasing opportunities for intergroup contact. 5. Synthesis and Applications: Badger culling was associated with behavioural changes among surviving badgers which potentially increased opportunities for both badger-to-badger and badger-to-cattle transmission of M. bovis. Furthermore, by reducing the time badgers spent active, culling may have reduced badgers' accessibility to shooters, potentially undermining subsequent population control efforts. Our results specifically illustrate the challenges posed by badger behaviour to cull-based TB control strategies and furthermore, they highlight the negative impacts culling can have on integrated disease control strategies.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Data from "Multi-wavelength continuum sizes of protoplanetary discs: scaling relations and implications for grain growth and radial drift"

Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 from Tazzari et al., 2021, "Multi-wavelength continuum sizes of protoplanetary discs: scaling relations and implications for grain growth and radial drift", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, arXiv:2010.02249 Both tables are available in IPAC format, which is in human- and machine-readable: <pre><code class="language-python">from astropy.io import ascii tb = ascii.read('Table1.txt', format='ipac')</code></pre> Table comments (stored at the beginning of the ASCII file as lines starting with "/") can be read as: <pre><code class="language-python">tb.meta['comments'] </code></pre>

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Conodont faunas across the Kasimovian–Gzhelian boundary (late Pennsylvanian) in South China and implications for the selection of the stratotype for the base of the global Gzhelian stage

The upper Pennsylvanian Naqing and Narao carbonate successions were deposited in intra-platform slope to basinal settings across the Kasimovian-Gzhelian boundary in Guizhou, South China. Conodont faunas comprise a mixture of the endemic taxa of the Idiognathodus luodianensis group and cosmopolitan species of the I. simulator group. The I. luodianensis group includes the new species I. fengtingensis, I. luodianensis, I. naqingensis and I. naraoensis. Platform landmark analysis demonstrates that the species of the I. luodianensis group differ in morphological features from co-occurring species of the I. simulator group. Both groups display similar increasing asymmetry in P1 element pairs across the Kasimovian-Gzhelian boundary, as recognized on the basis of the first occurrence of I. simulator. Many Kasimovian Idiognathodus species disappear and several Gzhelian species first appear with I. simulator, including two new species of Streptognathodus, S. nemyrovskae and S. zhihaoi. Just below the base of the Gzhelian, carbonate δ13C falls from 4‰ to 2‰ in both sections. The combination of an abrupt faunal turnover immediately above the prominent negative δ13C excursion might represent an oceanic event in South China, maybe recognizable on a global scale. One of these two South China sections may be the best location to place the GSSP for the base of the Gzhelian Stage.

opencc-zeroFeb 2020View details →

opencc-by-nc-4.0Jan 2016View details →

Supporting data: Grain-dependent responses of mammalian diversity to land-use and the implications for conservation set-aside

Camera trap and live trap datasets underlying the analyses in an Ecological Applications paper (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/15-1363/abstract), provided in .csv format. Each row consists of a single trap night at a given location, with species in different columns. Old-growth forest, logged forest and oil palm plantation locations have the prefixes "Old", "Log" and "Palm", respectively. Values in each cell are the number of independent captures, as defined in the paper.