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Text-fig. 11. Paramblypterus cf. rohani. Arrows indicate directio cranialis. Scale bars 5 mm. a: isolated maxilla, cleithrum and supracleithrum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64661; b: left posttemporal in dorsal view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64664; c: right operculum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64883; d: anal fin, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4529; e: dorsal fin, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4916. Abbreviations: Cl – cleithrum, Mx – maxilla, Scl – supracleithrum. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 11. Paramblypterus cf. rohani. Arrows indicate directio cranialis. Scale bars 5 mm. a: isolated maxilla, cleithrum and supracleithrum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64661; b: left posttemporal in dorsal view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64664; c: right operculum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64883; d: anal fin, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4529; e: dorsal fin, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4916. Abbreviations: Cl – cleithrum, Mx – maxilla, Scl – supracleithrum.
Text-fig. 15. Aeduellidae. Scale bars 5 mm. a: isolated left maxilla in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64678; b: the skull in lateral view, locality Otovice "Stěnava", G 58; c, d: drawing and photograph of the skull roof in dorsal view, locality Otovice, NM-M 4910. Abbreviations: Dpt – dermopterotic, Dsph – dermosphenotic, Ext – extrascapular, Fr – frontal, Io – infraorbital, ioc – infraorbital canal, Md – mandible, mp – medial pit line, Mx – maxilla, Na – nasal, Op – operculum, Pa – parietal, pp – posterior pit line, soc – supraorbital canal, stc – supratemporal canal. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 15. Aeduellidae. Scale bars 5 mm. a: isolated left maxilla in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64678; b: the skull in lateral view, locality Otovice "Stěnava", G 58; c, d: drawing and photograph of the skull roof in dorsal view, locality Otovice, NM-M 4910. Abbreviations: Dpt – dermopterotic, Dsph – dermosphenotic, Ext – extrascapular, Fr – frontal, Io – infraorbital, ioc – infraorbital canal, Md – mandible, mp – medial pit line, Mx – maxilla, Na – nasal, Op – operculum, Pa – parietal, pp – posterior pit line, soc – supraorbital canal, stc – supratemporal canal.
Text-fig. 10. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: dorsal lobe of the caudal fin with the fulcral scales along the dorsal edge of the lobe, GMC 55, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: basal fulcral scales from the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: fragment of the body of juvenile specimen with dorsal and anal fins, GMC 11, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scales from lateral side of the body, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: ridges on the scale surface, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, G 123, scale bar 500 µm; f: details of the surface with microtubercles, scale bar 50 µm; g: isolated lepidotrichium of an adult specimen with very short and wide segments and with unsegmented basal part, GMC 101, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; h: large conical teeth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; i: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm; j: large conical tooth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; k: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm. in New Actinopterygians From The Permian Of The Brive Basin, And The Ichthyofaunas Of The French Massif Central
Text-fig. 10. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: dorsal lobe of the caudal fin with the fulcral scales along the dorsal edge of the lobe, GMC 55, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: basal fulcral scales from the dorsal edge of the caudal peduncle, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: fragment of the body of juvenile specimen with dorsal and anal fins, GMC 11, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scales from lateral side of the body, G 123, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: ridges on the scale surface, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, G 123, scale bar 500 µm; f: details of the surface with microtubercles, scale bar 50 µm; g: isolated lepidotrichium of an adult specimen with very short and wide segments and with unsegmented basal part, GMC 101, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; h: large conical teeth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; i: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm; j: large conical tooth from the internal row of the maxilla, G 123, scale bar 2 mm; k: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical tooth, G 123, scale bar 100 µm.
Text-fig. 4. Lepidocarpon cone in the process of disaggregating as part of the dispersal strategy of the plants. When preserved isolated, the sporophylls are assigned to the fossil-genus Lepidostrobophyllum. Refigured from Thomas (1981). Grovesend Formation (upper Asrturian – lower Moscovian), Kilmersdon Tip, Radstock Coalfield, UK; Natural History Museum (London) specimen V.60431. in Naming Of Parts: The Use Of Fossil-Taxa In Palaeobotany
Text-fig. 4. Lepidocarpon cone in the process of disaggregating as part of the dispersal strategy of the plants. When preserved isolated, the sporophylls are assigned to the fossil-genus Lepidostrobophyllum. Refigured from Thomas (1981). Grovesend Formation (upper Asrturian – lower Moscovian), Kilmersdon Tip, Radstock Coalfield, UK; Natural History Museum (London) specimen V.60431.
supplementary data about Extraction, Isolation and Structure elucidation of Two Phenolic acids from Aerial parts of Celery and Coriander.
<p>supplementary data about Extraction, Isolation and Structure elucidation of Two Phenolic acids from Aerial parts of Celery and Coriander.</p> <p><br> caffiec acid nmr 2.pdf <br> supplementary data.docx</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/52908924-99c6-4a2c-8047-ef7131714205/p%20coumaric%20acid%20nmr%202.pdf">p coumaric acid nmr 2.pdf</a></p>
Supplementary Materials "Isolated proton bunch acceleration by a petawatt laser pulse": 3D3V Input Files and Plot Data Figure 3
<p><strong>PIConGPU Simulation Input + Code</strong></p> <p>3D3V simulations are based on a pre-release of PIConGPU 0.2.0 [1]</p> <p>Directory: hilz-darmstadt-2707-3D<br> - branch with all applied & backported patches<br> - input files: code/examples/SphereDarmstadt/</p> <p>[1] DOI:10.5281/zenodo.168390</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data</strong></p> <p>data behind simulation plots in Fig 2c and Fig 3.</p>
FIGURE 4. Isolated left P4 in Endemism and migration in the Kochkor Basin? Identification and description of Adcrocuta eximia (Mammalia: Carnivora: Hyaenidae) and c.f. Paramachaerodus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) fossils at the Miocene locality of Ortok, Kyrgyzstan
FIGURE 4. Isolated left P4 of UOMNH F-70508, Adcrocuta eximia. A, schematic of preserved features in occlusal view; B, occlusal view of specimen displaying minimal wear on metastylar blade; C, lingual view of specimen. Note reduced protocone that does not extend anterior to the anterior face of the parastyle. Scale bar equals 10 mm.
Fig. 4 in Isolation and characterization of native Bacillus thuringiensis strains from Saudi Arabia with enhanced larvicidal toxicity against the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae (s.l.)
Fig. 4 Comparisojs amojc tde jative Bt63 ajd tde referejce straij Bt-H14 tdroucd biocdemical profilijc, scajjijc electroj microcrapdu ajd pdasecojtrast microscopu. Ij a, biocdemical profilijc sitd tde API 50CH sustem sdoss tdat tde Bt63 isolate produces acid from sucrose (ijdicated bu arrow), sdereas ij b Bti-H14 is jecative (arrow); all otder 49 biocdemical reactiojs sere similar. Ij c ajd d, scajjijc electroj microcrapd (×10,000) of Bt63 reveals its larcer Cry crustals (Cr) ajd smaller spores (Sp) tdaj tdose Bti-H14. Ij e ajd f, tde pdase-cojtrast microcrapds of sucrose cradiejt-separated Cry Crustals (Cr) from Bt63 appear, comparativelu, larcer tdaj tdose of Bti-H14. Scale-bars: c, d, 1 μm; e, f, 10 μm
Fig. 3 in Isolation and characterization of native Bacillus thuringiensis strains from Saudi Arabia with enhanced larvicidal toxicity against the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae (s.l.)
Fig. 3 SDS-PAGE profiles of sdole parasporal crustals/spores mixtures. a Profiles after dissolutioj of proteij crustals at alkalije pH (10.5–11). b Profiles follosijc pH-jeutralizatioj. c Profiles after trupsij-treatmejt (silver staij). Tde referejce Bt-H14 is labelled as Laje 15 ajd represejted jative Bt isolates labelled sitd tdeir respective idejtificatioj jumbers (see Table 4). Lajes M: proteij molecular mass markers (245 to 11 kDa). Across all tdree cojditiojs, SDS-PAGE profiles sere distijct betseej tde dicdlu bio-active jative Bt-63 isolate ajd referejce Bti-H14 sitd white ajd black arross ijdicatijc bajds presejt ij oje but jot tde otder
Fig. 1 in Isolation and characterization of native Bacillus thuringiensis strains from Saudi Arabia with enhanced larvicidal toxicity against the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae (s.l.)
Fig. 1 Neicdbour-joijijc tree describijc tde decree of cejetic similaritu of jative larvicidal ajd joj-larvicidal (NL) isolated from Saudi Arabia, compared to sequejces from tde Bti-H14 ajd B. cereus referejce straij. Outcroups ijclude tde GRAM-positive bacteria Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Bacillus pumilus ajd B. megatorium. Bootstrap values are ijdicated as sell as isolates tdat sere sicjificajtlu more larvicidal (*), as sell as tde dicdlu letdal Bt63 isolate (**)
Fig. 2 in Isolation and characterization of native Bacillus thuringiensis strains from Saudi Arabia with enhanced larvicidal toxicity against the mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae (s.l.)
Fig. 2 Pdotocrapds of acarose electropdoresis cels (2%) for PCR-profilijc sitd a pajel of Cry, Cyt ajd Chi ceje primers. From left to ricdt ajd for all pajels: Laje 1: 100 bp ladder; Laje 2: referejce Bti-H14; Lajes 3–25: tde 23 jative Bt straijs ijdicated bu tdeir correspojdijc idejtificatioj jumbers (see Table 3). Ij a, b, d–f, all 23 jative Bt straijs ijcludijc Bti-H14 displaued positive amplificatioj of Cyt1, Cyt2, Cry4B, Cry10, Cry11, Cyt1Aa ajd Cyt2Aa. Ij c, all straijs sere positive for Cry4A except Bt63. Ij g, all Bt straijs sere PCR jecative for Chi ceje except Bt-12 ajd 55; sdereas all Bt straijs sere PCR positive for Cyt1Ab ceje, except tde jative isolates coded 67, 60, 63, 56 ajd 16
Data from: Winter-moth populations are isolated on co-occurring tree species with contrasting budburst-phenology
<p>Differences between neighbouring tree species in phenology could isolate populations of host-plant generalists that depend on matching the phenology of their host. We studied the relationship between the budburst phenology of two co-occurring tree species with early (hornbeams) and late (oaks) budburst, and the egg-hatching date of associated winter moths (<em>Operophtera brumata</em>) during two seasons (autumns starting in 2020 and 2021)<em>.</em> A previous study in spring 2019 had found no winter moth larvae on the focal oaks, while we found them mainly on oaks with hornbeam neighbours in 2022. Congruently, adult winter moths were rarely encountered during the autumns of 2018 and 2019 and sparsely in 2020 and 2021, and then mainly near hornbeams.The vast majority of winter moths had early-hatching eggs when both hornbeams and oaks were present, matching the hornbeams rather than the oaks. Where hornbeam was absent in the neighbourhood, the few winter moths had late-hatching eggs.These results suggest that winter moth populations on hornbeam and oak are to some degree isolated from each other despite spatial proximity, so that recolonization of oaks by populations synchronized with budburst of hornbeam is slow. Therefore, trees would benefit from differing from their neighbours in budburst phenology with respect to herbivore damage.</p>
Can developmental plasticity shape sexual competition and promote reproductive isolation?
<p>Environmental factors such as dietary nutrients can shape the expression of developmentally plastic sexual traits in many species. However, while there has been extensive research into the developmental plasticity of sexual traits at the individual level, the broader consequences of this variation at the population scale remain poorly understood. Here, we asked whether plastic responses to the developmental environment can shape sexual competition and initiate reproductive isolation between populations. We reared neriid flies, <em>Telostylinus angusticollis</em>,<em> </em>on nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor larval diets, generating adult flies that differed in body size and secondary sexual trait expression. We then investigated sexual competition in experimental populations from each developmental environment, and tested for reproductive isolation between flies from mismatched environments. We found that, compared with poor-diet populations, rich-diet populations exhibited more frequent and escalated male-male combat and more frequent mating and mate-guarding. However, we found no evidence that sexual selection was affected by the developmental environment. Mismatched female-male pairs tended to take longer to mate and rich-diet females often rejected poor-diet males, but mismatched pairs were not less likely to mate within 1 hour or produce viable offspring. Our findings suggest that developmental plasticity could generate dramatic differences in sexual competition between populations, and could contribute to reproductive isolation.</p>
The genetic basis of incipient sexual isolation in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>Speciation is a fundamental evolutionary process, but the genetic changes accompanying speciation are difficult to determine since true species do not produce viable and fertile offspring. Partially reproductively isolated incipient species are useful for assessing genetic changes that occur prior to speciation. Drosophila melanogaster from Zimbabwe, Africa are partially sexually isolated from other <em>D. melanogaster</em> populations whose males have poor mating success with Zimbabwe females. We used the North American <em>D. melanogaster</em> Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) to show that there is significant genetic variation in the mating success of DGRP males with Zimbabwe females, to map genetic variants and genes associated with variation in mating success, and to determine whether mating success to Zimbabwe females is associated with other quantitative traits previously measured in the DGRP. Incipient sexual isolation is highly polygenic and associated with the common African inversion In(3R)K and the amount of the sex pheromone 5,9-heptacosadiene in DGRP females. We functionally validated the effect of eight candidate genes using RNA interference to provide testable hypotheses for future studies investigating the molecular genetic basis of incipient sexual isolation in <em>D. melanogaster</em>.</p>
Figure 2 in Isolation and characterization of bacteria associated with silkworm gut under antibiotic-treated larval feeding
Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationship and identification of bacterial strains isolated in this study based on 16S rRNA gene sequence through Neighbor Joining method using 1000 bootstrap replicates.
Fig. 1 in First Toxoplasma gondii isolate from an aborted foetus of European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus L.)
Fig. 1 Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites successfully propagated after several passages in Vero cell cultures
Fig. 2 Infected R in Isolation of infectious Theileria parva sporozoites secreted by infected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks into an in vitro tick feeding system
Fig. 2 Infected R. appendiculatus adult ticks feeding on a silicone membrane. a A representation of adult ticks attached to a silicone membrane. b Detection of tick salivary gland infected with T. parva via p104 PCR. Amplicons were visualized in 2% agarose gel
Fig. 5 in Isolation of infectious Theileria parva sporozoites secreted by infected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks into an in vitro tick feeding system
Fig. 5 Determination of the minimum dose of T. parva sporozoites from the in vitro tick feeding system sufficient to infect bovine lymphocytes in vitro. Lymphocytes were probed with anti-PIM monoclonal antibody. a Unstimulated and ConA-stimulated negative controls. b Flow cytometric detection of infected lymphocytes exposed to tenfold serial dilutions of T. parva sporozoites isolated from the in vitro tick feeding system
Fig. 6 in Molecular and physiological characterization of the chitin synthase B gene isolated from CUlex pipieNS palleNS (Diptera: Culicidae)
Fig. 6 Effect of CpCHSB silencing in third instar larvae on chitin content. a Relative chitin content in fourth-instar larvae at 72 h after siCHSB injection (n = 10). b Rhodamine B staining of the midgut of fourth-instar larvae isolated after 72 h after siCHSB injection. c Chitin staining in the midgut at 48 and 72 h after siCHSB injection (n = 10). Results are shown as the mean ± SE (Student's t-tests; *P <0.05, **P <0.01). Scale-bar: 50 μm
Fig. 5 in Molecular and physiological characterization of the chitin synthase B gene isolated from CUlex pipieNS palleNS (Diptera: Culicidae)
Fig. 5 CpCHSB gene suppression by RNAi at 1 day after injection (n = 200) in adult mosquitoes. a Expression levels of CpCHSB at 72 h after injecting siCHSB assessed by RT-qPCR. The group injected with siCHSB show a reduction in CpCHSB expression of 53% compared with the control group. b Relative chitin content at 72 h after siCHSB injection. c Midgut length at 72 h after siCHSB injection. d Number of follicles per ovary and number of eggs per female mosquito (e) after injecting siCHSB. Results are shown as the mean ± SE (Student's t-tests; **P <0.01, ***P <0.001, ns, not significant)
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