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143 results for “late Middle Eocene”
Fig. 4 in Morphological Diversity in the Postcranial Skeleton of Casamayoran (?Middle to Late Eocene) Notoungulata and Foot Posture in Notoungulates
Fig. 4. Isotemnid hands: A, left manus of Anisotemnus distentus, AMNH 28906 and B, Pleurostylodon similis, AMNH 28904 shown as left, but reversed).
Text-fig. 11. Lower teeth of Masillamys mattaueri (HARTENBERGER) from Mas de Gimel (Hérault, France; MP 10, late early Eocene). a) MGL 641, left p4; a1 – occlusal view, a2 – buccal aspect, a3 – lingual aspect. b) MGL 220, right p4; b1 – occlusal view, b2 – buccal aspect, b3 – lingual aspect. c) MGL 233, right m1; c1 – occlusal view, c2 – buccal aspect, c3 – lingual aspect. d) MGL 665, right m1; d1 – occlusal view, d2 – buccal aspect, d3 – lingual aspect. e) MGL 225, holotype, right m2; e1 – occlusal view, e2 – buccal aspect, e3 – lingual aspect. f) MGL 222, left m1; f1 – lingual aspect, f2 – occlusal view, f3 – buccal aspect. g) MGL 231, right m2; g1 – occlusal view, g2 – buccal aspect, g3 – lingual aspect. h) MGL 646, left m3; h1 – buccal aspect, h2 – lingual aspect, h3 – occlusal view. i) MGL 619, right m3; i1 – buccal aspect, i2 – lingual aspect, i3 – occlusal view. Scale bar 1 mm. in A Reevaluation Of The Taxonomic Status Of The Rodent Masillamys Tobien, 1954 From Messel (Germany, Late Early To Early Middle Eocene, 48-47 M.Y.)
Text-fig. 11. Lower teeth of Masillamys mattaueri (HARTENBERGER) from Mas de Gimel (Hérault, France; MP 10, late early Eocene). a) MGL 641, left p4; a1 – occlusal view, a2 – buccal aspect, a3 – lingual aspect. b) MGL 220, right p4; b1 – occlusal view, b2 – buccal aspect, b3 – lingual aspect. c) MGL 233, right m1; c1 – occlusal view, c2 – buccal aspect, c3 – lingual aspect. d) MGL 665, right m1; d1 – occlusal view, d2 – buccal aspect, d3 – lingual aspect. e) MGL 225, holotype, right m2; e1 – occlusal view, e2 – buccal aspect, e3 – lingual aspect. f) MGL 222, left m1; f1 – lingual aspect, f2 – occlusal view, f3 – buccal aspect. g) MGL 231, right m2; g1 – occlusal view, g2 – buccal aspect, g3 – lingual aspect. h) MGL 646, left m3; h1 – buccal aspect, h2 – lingual aspect, h3 – occlusal view. i) MGL 619, right m3; i1 – buccal aspect, i2 – lingual aspect, i3 – occlusal view. Scale bar 1 mm.
Text-fig. 7. Teeth of Masillamys parvus TOBIEN, from Messel (Hesse, Germany, MP 11), HLMD-Me 625, holotype. a) left upper M2, protocone damaged, occlusal view. b) left upper M3, occlusal view. c) left lower p4; c1 – occlusal view, c2 – buccal aspect, c3 – lingual aspect. d) left lower m2, metaconid damaged; d1 – occlusal view, d2 – buccal aspect, d3 – lingual aspect. e) right m3, occlusal view. f) left m3; f1 – occlusal view, f2 – buccal aspect, base of crown lacking, f3 – lingual aspect; g) SMF-ME 2099A: right lower tooth row with dp4 to m3, g1 – occlusal view, g2 – lingual aspect. Scale bar 1 mm. in A Reevaluation Of The Taxonomic Status Of The Rodent Masillamys Tobien, 1954 From Messel (Germany, Late Early To Early Middle Eocene, 48-47 M.Y.)
Text-fig. 7. Teeth of Masillamys parvus TOBIEN, from Messel (Hesse, Germany, MP 11), HLMD-Me 625, holotype. a) left upper M2, protocone damaged, occlusal view. b) left upper M3, occlusal view. c) left lower p4; c1 – occlusal view, c2 – buccal aspect, c3 – lingual aspect. d) left lower m2, metaconid damaged; d1 – occlusal view, d2 – buccal aspect, d3 – lingual aspect. e) right m3, occlusal view. f) left m3; f1 – occlusal view, f2 – buccal aspect, base of crown lacking, f3 – lingual aspect; g) SMF-ME 2099A: right lower tooth row with dp4 to m3, g1 – occlusal view, g2 – lingual aspect. Scale bar 1 mm.
Text-fig. 3. Front views of hemi-maxillaries from Prémontré (Paris Basin, MP 10), showing the large infraorbitary foramen of a) SLP29PR-1312, stored in the Montpellier University collections (ISE-M), Hartenbergeromys hautefeuillei; b) SLP29PR-960, Pantrogna marandati. Scale bar 1 mm. in A Reevaluation Of The Taxonomic Status Of The Rodent Masillamys Tobien, 1954 From Messel (Germany, Late Early To Early Middle Eocene, 48-47 M.Y.)
Text-fig. 3. Front views of hemi-maxillaries from Prémontré (Paris Basin, MP 10), showing the large infraorbitary foramen of a) SLP29PR-1312, stored in the Montpellier University collections (ISE-M), Hartenbergeromys hautefeuillei; b) SLP29PR-960, Pantrogna marandati. Scale bar 1 mm.
Text-fig. 6. Teeth of Masillamys krugi TOBIEN, from Messel (Hesse, Germany, MP 11). a) HLMD-Me 910, holotype, upper teeth; a1 – left upper tooth row, P3–P4–M1–3, occlusal view; a2 – id. lingual aspect, a3 – buccal aspect of P4, a4 – right upper P4–P3, lingual aspect. b) HLMD-Me 910, holotype, right lower tooth row, p4–m1–3; b1 – occlusal view, b2 – buccal aspect, b3 – lingual aspect. Scale bar 1 mm. in A Reevaluation Of The Taxonomic Status Of The Rodent Masillamys Tobien, 1954 From Messel (Germany, Late Early To Early Middle Eocene, 48-47 M.Y.)
Text-fig. 6. Teeth of Masillamys krugi TOBIEN, from Messel (Hesse, Germany, MP 11). a) HLMD-Me 910, holotype, upper teeth; a1 – left upper tooth row, P3–P4–M1–3, occlusal view; a2 – id. lingual aspect, a3 – buccal aspect of P4, a4 – right upper P4–P3, lingual aspect. b) HLMD-Me 910, holotype, right lower tooth row, p4–m1–3; b1 – occlusal view, b2 – buccal aspect, b3 – lingual aspect. Scale bar 1 mm.
Text-fig. 2. Species of Masillamys considered on the phylogenetic tree of theridomorphs (Vianey-Liaud and Marivaux 2017: fig. 7), within the basal Theridomorpha, before the polyphyletic genus Protadelomys. Position inferred from their dental features (see text). in A Reevaluation Of The Taxonomic Status Of The Rodent Masillamys Tobien, 1954 From Messel (Germany, Late Early To Early Middle Eocene, 48-47 M.Y.)
Text-fig. 2. Species of Masillamys considered on the phylogenetic tree of theridomorphs (Vianey-Liaud and Marivaux 2017: fig. 7), within the basal Theridomorpha, before the polyphyletic genus Protadelomys. Position inferred from their dental features (see text).
Text-fig. 1. Dental terminology (modified, after Vianey-Liaud and Marivaux 2019). a) upper molar; a1 – names of flexi on upper molar; a2 – names of cusps and ridges on upper molar. Anlph = anteroloph, Anst = anterostyle, Ectcing = ectocingulum, Endlph = endoloph, Hy = hypocone, Hyplph = hypolophule, Me = metacone, Mecl = metaconule, Melph I = lingual metalophule I, Melph II = lingual metalophule II, Mest = mesostyle, Meslph = mesoloph, Metst = metastyle, Pa = paracone, Pacl = paraconule, Parst = parastyle, Postmecr = postmetacrista, Postpacst = postparacrista, Postst = posterostyle, Postlph = posteroloph, Posthycr = posthypocrista, Prc = protocone, Prcr = protocrista, Prehycr = prehypocrista, Premecr = premetacrista, Prepacl = preparaconule, Preprcr = preprotocrista, Prlph = protoloph. b) lower molar; b1 – names of flexi and some ridges and conules on lower molar; b2 – cusps and ridges on lower molar. Ancd = anteroconid, Anlphd = anterolophid, Anlphld = anterolophulid, Antsnd = antesinusid, Ectmeslphd = ectomesolophid, Ectlphd = ectolophid, Ectsd = ectostylid, Entcd = entoconid, Encld = entoconulid, Enlphd = entolophid (lingual entolophulid + buccal entolophulid), Hyd = hypoconid, Hycld = hypoconulid, Mbcing = mesiobuccal cingulid, Med = metaconid, Mescd = mesoconid, Meslphd = mesolophid (lingual mesolophulid + buccal mesolophulid), Mestd = mesostylid, Prcd = protoconid, Prcdsp = protoconid spur, Prehycrd = prehypocristid, Premecrd = premetacristid, Posthycrd = posthypocristid, Postlphd = posterolophid, Postmcrd = postmetacristid, Postprcd = postprotocristid, Sind = sinusid. in A Reevaluation Of The Taxonomic Status Of The Rodent Masillamys Tobien, 1954 From Messel (Germany, Late Early To Early Middle Eocene, 48-47 M.Y.)
Text-fig. 1. Dental terminology (modified, after Vianey-Liaud and Marivaux 2019). a) upper molar; a1 – names of flexi on upper molar; a2 – names of cusps and ridges on upper molar. Anlph = anteroloph, Anst = anterostyle, Ectcing = ectocingulum, Endlph = endoloph, Hy = hypocone, Hyplph = hypolophule, Me = metacone, Mecl = metaconule, Melph I = lingual metalophule I, Melph II = lingual metalophule II, Mest = mesostyle, Meslph = mesoloph, Metst = metastyle, Pa = paracone, Pacl = paraconule, Parst = parastyle, Postmecr = postmetacrista, Postpacst = postparacrista, Postst = posterostyle, Postlph = posteroloph, Posthycr = posthypocrista, Prc = protocone, Prcr = protocrista, Prehycr = prehypocrista, Premecr = premetacrista, Prepacl = preparaconule, Preprcr = preprotocrista, Prlph = protoloph. b) lower molar; b1 – names of flexi and some ridges and conules on lower molar; b2 – cusps and ridges on lower molar. Ancd = anteroconid, Anlphd = anterolophid, Anlphld = anterolophulid, Antsnd = antesinusid, Ectmeslphd = ectomesolophid, Ectlphd = ectolophid, Ectsd = ectostylid, Entcd = entoconid, Encld = entoconulid, Enlphd = entolophid (lingual entolophulid + buccal entolophulid), Hyd = hypoconid, Hycld = hypoconulid, Mbcing = mesiobuccal cingulid, Med = metaconid, Mescd = mesoconid, Meslphd = mesolophid (lingual mesolophulid + buccal mesolophulid), Mestd = mesostylid, Prcd = protoconid, Prcdsp = protoconid spur, Prehycrd = prehypocristid, Premecrd = premetacristid, Posthycrd = posthypocristid, Postlphd = posterolophid, Postmcrd = postmetacristid, Postprcd = postprotocristid, Sind = sinusid.
Text-fig. 5. Teeth of Masillamys beegeri TOBIEN, from Messel (Hesse, Germany, MP 11). a) HLMD-Me 1, holotype, lower tooth row, p4–m1; a1 – occlusal view, a2 – buccal aspect. b) HLMD-Me 1, holotype, upper tooth row, P3–P4–M1–3; b1 – occlusal view, b2 – lingual aspect. c) SMF-ME 1287A buccal view of teeth, right side of a juvenile, upper M1–DP4–DP3, and lower protoconid of m2–m1–dp4. Scale bar 1 mm. in A Reevaluation Of The Taxonomic Status Of The Rodent Masillamys Tobien, 1954 From Messel (Germany, Late Early To Early Middle Eocene, 48-47 M.Y.)
Text-fig. 5. Teeth of Masillamys beegeri TOBIEN, from Messel (Hesse, Germany, MP 11). a) HLMD-Me 1, holotype, lower tooth row, p4–m1; a1 – occlusal view, a2 – buccal aspect. b) HLMD-Me 1, holotype, upper tooth row, P3–P4–M1–3; b1 – occlusal view, b2 – lingual aspect. c) SMF-ME 1287A buccal view of teeth, right side of a juvenile, upper M1–DP4–DP3, and lower protoconid of m2–m1–dp4. Scale bar 1 mm.
Text-fig. 4. Bivariate graph (length/width) of the teeth of the three species of Masillamys from Messel. in A Reevaluation Of The Taxonomic Status Of The Rodent Masillamys Tobien, 1954 From Messel (Germany, Late Early To Early Middle Eocene, 48-47 M.Y.)
Text-fig. 4. Bivariate graph (length/width) of the teeth of the three species of Masillamys from Messel.
Text-fig. 10. Upper teeth of Masillamys mattaueri (HARTENBERGER) from Mas de Gimel (Hérault, France; MP 10, late early Eocene). a) MGL 624, right DP4; a1 – occlusal view, a2 – buccal aspect, a3 – lingual aspect. b) MGL 634, right DP4; b1 – occlusal view, b2 – buccal aspect, b3 – lingual aspect. c) MGL 608, right P4; c1 – occlusal view, c2 – lingual aspect, c3 – buccal aspect. d) MGL 610, right P4; d1 – occlusal view, d2 – lingual aspect, d3 – buccal aspect. e) MGL 609, left P4; e1 – lingual aspect, in A Reevaluation Of The Taxonomic Status Of The Rodent Masillamys Tobien, 1954 From Messel (Germany, Late Early To Early Middle Eocene, 48-47 M.Y.)
Text-fig. 10. Upper teeth of Masillamys mattaueri (HARTENBERGER) from Mas de Gimel (Hérault, France; MP 10, late early Eocene). a) MGL 624, right DP4; a1 – occlusal view, a2 – buccal aspect, a3 – lingual aspect. b) MGL 634, right DP4; b1 – occlusal view, b2 – buccal aspect, b3 – lingual aspect. c) MGL 608, right P4; c1 – occlusal view, c2 – lingual aspect, c3 – buccal aspect. d) MGL 610, right P4; d1 – occlusal view, d2 – lingual aspect, d3 – buccal aspect. e) MGL 609, left P4; e1 – lingual aspect,
Text-fig. 8. Bivariate graph (length/width) of upper teeth of Masillamys mattaueri (HARTENBERGER) from Mas de Gimel (Hérault, France; MP 10, late early Eocene). in A Reevaluation Of The Taxonomic Status Of The Rodent Masillamys Tobien, 1954 From Messel (Germany, Late Early To Early Middle Eocene, 48-47 M.Y.)
Text-fig. 8. Bivariate graph (length/width) of upper teeth of Masillamys mattaueri (HARTENBERGER) from Mas de Gimel (Hérault, France; MP 10, late early Eocene).
Fig. 4 in Middle and late Eocene fish otoliths from the eastern and southern USA
Fig. 4. Measured section at the Coffeeville Landing locality, Alabama (by D. Nolf).
Fig. 5 in Middle and late Eocene fish otoliths from the eastern and southern USA
Fig. 5. Measured section at the Dobys Bluff locality, Mississippi (after Dockery 1986a).
Fig. 19 in A New Protocetid Whale (Cetacea: Archaeoceti) from the Late Middle Eocene of South Carolina
Fig. 19. Anterior views of sixth (A) and seventh (B) cervical vertebrae of Carolinacetus gingerichi
Morphometric data of the late middle Eocene to early Oligocene (~40 - 31 Ma) Coccolithophore Reticulofenestra (Order Isochrysidales)
<p><span>The first size reduction (FSR) in the <em>Reticulofenestra-Gephyrocapsa-Emiliania (RGE)</em> lineage (Order Isochrysidales) which occurred in the early Oligocene (~ 32 Ma), is of great significance for understanding the lilliput effect that has affected the coccolithophore communities from late Eocene to this day. We conducted a morphologic analysis on the coccoliths of <em>Reticulofenestra</em> species that lived during the late middle Eocene to early Oligocene (~40-31 Ma), using marine sediments from the South Atlantic Ocean. Our data show increasing size and decreasing abundance of the large species during the late Eocene, leading to their disappearance at the FSR, and a concurrent decrease in the size variability of the small-medium-sized coccoliths whose diameter of the central opening had become very reduced. Although the cosmopolitan late Paleogene through Neogene size decrease in coccolithophores has been linked to the concomitant long-term decline in global <em>p</em>CO2, we suggest here that the FSR was the result of environmental destabilization caused by the expansion of eutrophic environments following the late Eocene establishment of overturning circulation associated with ice build-up on Antarctica. This study also leads us to propose a hypothetical model that links coccolith morphology of species of the <em>RGE </em>lineage and trophic resources in the upper ocean: the small- to medium-sized, r-selected coccolithophores with smaller coccolith central opening live in nutrient-rich waters where they rely mostly on photosynthesis and little on mixotrophy; whereas the larger, K-selected species with larger coccolith central opening live in oligotrophic waters where they are more dependent on mixotrophy.</span></p>
Morphometric data of the late middle Eocene to early Oligocene (~40 - 31 Ma) Coccolithophore Reticulofenestra (Order Isochrysidales)
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FIG. 8 in Late Middle Eocene bats from the Creechbarrow Limestone Formation, Dorset, southern England with description of a new species of Archaeonycteris (Chiroptera: Archaeonycteridae)
FIG. 8. Trigonids of lower molars, Creechbarrow bats. Rhinolophidae gen. et sp. indet. M35711. Trigonid left lower molar in A — occlusal, B — buccal and C — lingual views. HZM 2.38159. Trigonid right lower molar in D — occlusal, E — buccal and F — lingual views. Microchiroptera gen. et sp. indet. HZM 22.34774. Trigonid right lower molar in G — occlusal, H — buccal
F. 4. Pseudorhinolophus schlosseri, Creechbarrow. HZM 1.31792. Left M2 in Late Middle Eocene bats from the Creechbarrow Limestone Formation, Dorset, southern England with description of a new species of Archaeonycteris (Chiroptera: Archaeonycteridae)
F. 4. Pseudorhinolophus schlosseri, Creechbarrow. HZM 1.31792. Left M2: A — occlusal and B — oblique distal views. HZM IG 3.38170. Left M1/2 in C — distal, D — lingual, E — buccal and F — occlusal views. Rhinolophidae gen. et sp. indet. HZM 1.31222.
FIG. 1 in Late Middle Eocene bats from the Creechbarrow Limestone Formation, Dorset, southern England with description of a new species of Archaeonycteris (Chiroptera: Archaeonycteridae)
FIG. 1. Archaeonycteris relicta sp. nov., Creechbarrow, mandibular cheekteeth. HZM 4.37495. Right P2 in A — occlusal, B — buccal and C — lingual views. Scale = 0.5 mm. HZM 5.38291. Left M3 (holotype) D — distal, E — lingual, F — buccal and G — occlusal
Data from: Basilotritus uheni, a new cetacean (Cetacea, Basilosauridae) from the late Middle Eocene of Eastern Europe
A new basal basilosaurid cetacean, Basilotritus uheni n. gen. n. sp., comes from the late middle Eocene (Bartonian) of Ukraine. It is the earliest dated record of a cetacean from Eastern Europe. The tympanic bulla of Basilotritus uheni shares basilosaurid synapomorphies but possesses unusual traits inherited from protocetids. Cetaceans related to Basilotritus uheni and referred to as Eocetus or "Eocetus" have been recorded from Africa, Europe, North America and South America. "Eocetus" wardii from North America is recombined as Basilotritus wardii. Platyosphys paulsonii and Platyosphys einori from Ukraine are considered as nomina dubia; specimens prior referred to as Platyosphys sp. are similar or related to Basilotritus. Other records of the Eocene cetaceans from Ukraine and south Russia are identified as Basilotritus or related genera. Early basilosaurids are demonstrated to be a paraphyletic, morphologically and geographically diverse group of the genera that colonized the world ocean as late as in Bartonian age and were probably the ancestors of Neoceti, as well as of more derived basilosaurids.
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