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209 results for “male response”
Data from: Paternal intergenerational epigenetic response to heat exposure in male Wild guinea pigs
Epigenetic modifications, of which DNA methylation is the best studied one, can convey environmental information through generations via parental germ lines. Past studies have focused on the maternal transmission of epigenetic information to the offspring of isogenic mice and rats in response to external changes, whereas heterogeneous wild mammals as well as paternal epigenetic effects have been widely neglected. In most wild mammal species, males are the dispersing sex and have to cope with differing habitats and thermal changes. As temperature is a major environmental factor we investigated if genetically heterogeneous Wild guinea pig (Cavia aperea) males can adapt epigenetically to an increase in temperature and if that response will be transmitted to the next generation(s). Five adult male guinea pigs (F0) were exposed to an increased ambient temperature for 2 months, i.e. the duration of spermatogenesis. We studied the liver (as the main thermoregulatory organ) of F0 fathers and F1 sons, and testes of F1 sons for paternal transmission of epigenetic modifications across generation(s). Reduced representation bisulphite sequencing revealed shared differentially methylated regions in annotated areas between F0 livers before and after heat treatment, and their sons' livers and testes, which indicated a general response with ecological relevance. Thus, paternal exposure to a temporally limited increased ambient temperature led to an 'immediate' and 'heritable' epigenetic response that may even be transmitted to the F2 generation. In the context of globally rising temperatures epigenetic mechanisms may become increasingly relevant for the survival of species.
Data from: Variation in female mate preference in response to eavesdropping "interloper" males
Eavesdropping by conspecific males that are competing for mates has been demonstrated across a variety of taxa. However, few studies have investigated how eavesdropping may actually impact female mating decisions. Specifically, females may change their mating preferences based on whether the eavesdropping male varies in its phenotype (e.g., expression of condition-indicating secondary sexual characters or courtship vigor) relative to the male that initiated courtship. We examined variation in female preferences in the context of eavesdropping in the brush-legged wolf spider, Schizocosa ocreata. Female S. ocreata typically prefer males with large tufts and males that court at higher rates. In live mating trials, however, females preferentially mated with the males that courted first. It has yet to be investigated whether female preferences change when males of varying phenotypes are encountered sequentially, as might be expected in an eavesdropping context. We used video playback experiments to introduce females to a virtual courting male (initial male), followed by a second virtual courting male thirty seconds later (interloper male). We separately manipulated 2 aspects of male courtship (tuft size and courtship vigor) to measure female responses to an interloper male of lower, higher, or equal phenotypic expression. For both traits, females had an overall preference for the initial males. However, when the interloper male had large tufts or had high courtship vigor, female S. ocreata shifted the relative number of their receptivity displays. These results suggest that eavesdropping could be beneficial for interloper males, but the benefits may vary depending on the male's phenotype.
Data from: Flexible memory controls sperm competition responses to male Drosophila melanogaster
Males of many species use social cues to predict sperm competition and tailor their reproductive strategies, such as ejaculate or behavioural investment, accordingly. Whilst these plastic strategies are widespread, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Plastic behaviour requires individuals to learn and memorise cues associated with environmental change before using this experience to modify behaviour. Drosophila melanogaster respond to an increase in sperm competition threat by extending mating duration after exposure to a rival male. This behaviour shows lag times between environmental change and behavioural response suggestive of acquisition and loss of memory. Considering olfaction is important for a male's ability to assess the sperm competition environment, we hypothesised that an olfactory learning and memory pathway may play a key role in controlling this plastic behaviour. We assessed the role of genes and brain structures known to be involved in learning and memory. We show that sperm competition responses depend on anaesthesia sensitive memory, specifically the genes rut and amn. We also show that the γ lobes of the mushroom bodies are integral to the control of plastic mating behaviour. These results reveal the genetic and neural properties required for reacting to changes in the sperm competition environment.
Male wing spot morphology and physiological responses do not coincide with the good-gene hypothesis
<p><span>Wings play an important role in dipteran life. Wing characteristics like size, coloration, and interference were found to be associated with male fitness. Many species in the genus <em>Drosophila </em>develop a male-specific wing pattern. These patterns appear as spots on the wings. In this work, we expose a set of recently collected out-bred lines of <em>Drosophila biarmipes </em>to a range of environmental stresses. The aim of this work was to find an association between wing pigmentation and stress response. We further looked the results with respect to the 'good gene' hypothesis. Males with higher wing-spot pigmentation did not associate with better stress handling. Interestingly, a majority of the traits showed negative or no trends where presence of a darker wing-spot could be associated to better handling of stressful environments. Contrary to this, desiccation tolerance and body size were found positively associated with darker wing-spot pigmentation. This work exposes the complexities behind secondary sexual characteristics and their association with male fitness and directs to relook the body size role in mate choice. </span></p>
Fig. 2 in Effects of male age and mating status on response to the female sex pheromone of Copitarsia decolora (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Fig. 2. Depolarization (mean ± SEM) of virgin male antennae in response to a glandular extract of female sex pheromone (3FE) by male age. Bars headed by the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey's mean separation test, n = 6, P <0.05).
Data from: The 'male escape hypothesis': sex-biased metamorphosis in response to climatic drivers in a facultatively paedomorphic amphibian
Paedomorphosis is a major evolutionary process that bypasses metamorphosis and allows reproduction in larvae. In newts and salamanders, it can be facultative with paedomorphs retaining gills and metamorphs dispersing. The evolution of these developmental processes is thought to have been driven by the costs and benefits of inhabiting aquatic versus terrestrial habitats. In this context, we aimed at testing the hypothesis that climatic drivers affect phenotypic transition and the difference across sexes because sex-ratio is biased in natural populations. Through a replicated laboratory experiment, we showed that paedomorphic palmate newts (Lissotriton helveticus) metamorphosed at a higher frequency when water availability decreased and metamorphosed earlier when temperature increased in these conditions. All responses were sex-biased, and males were more prone to change phenotype than females. Our work shows how climatic variables can affect facultative paedomorphosis and support theoretical models predicting life on land instead of in water. Moreover, because males metamorphose and leave water more often and earlier than females, these results, for the first time, give an experimental explanation for the rarity of male paedomorphosis (the 'male escape hypothesis') and suggest the importance of sex in the evolution of paedomorphosis versus metamorphosis.
Dose Response of 28 Days of Dosing of GSK962040 in Type I and II Diabetic Male and Female Subjects With Gastroparesis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01262898. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 6. Publications: 0.
Effect of Food Acceptability on Appetite Hormones' Response in Normal Weight vs. Obese Male Subjects
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03779321. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
A Phase 1/2a Study to Determine the Dose Response Pharmacokinetics of TSX-011 (Testosterone Undecanoate) in Hypogonadal Males
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03335254. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of BI 653048 BS H3PO4 Capsule Assessing Endotoxin-induced Inflammatory Response in Healthy Male Subjects
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02224105. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 1.
Male wing spot morphology and physiological responses do not coincide with the good-gene hypothesis
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Data from: Paternal intergenerational epigenetic response to heat exposure in male Wild guinea pigs
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Data from: Flexible memory controls sperm competition responses to male Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: Developmental plasticity of the stress response in female but not male guppies
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Data from: Evolution of pre- and post-copulatory traits in male Drosophila melanogaster as a correlated response to selection for resistance to cold stress
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Males adjust their manipulation of female remating in response to sperm competition risk
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Data from: Male spiders reduce pre- and postmating sexual investment in response to sperm competition risk
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Data from: The role of species-specific sensory cues in male responses to mating rivals in Drosophila melanogaster fruitflies
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Data from: Social status, immune response, and parasitism in males: a meta-analysis
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Data from: The ‘male escape hypothesis’: sex-biased metamorphosis in response to climatic drivers in a facultatively paedomorphic amphibian
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.