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Fig. 83 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 83. Frequency histograms of body weights of nonvolant mammals (marsupials and rodents) taken at or near ground level by different trapping methods. Sample sizes (N) are recorded weights, which were not obtainable from all trapped individuals. ''Other traps'' includes captures made using Tomahawks, Conibears, and legholds (combined with Victor/Sherman captures in the first column of table 48).
Fig. 99 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 99. Percent primary consumers in the known mammal fauna at Paracou (excluding species recorded only from interviews or collections made by previous researchers) on each day of our inventory from 1991 to 1994. From initially high values early in our fieldwork, the proportion of the known fauna represented by primary consumers declined almost monotonically throughout the last half of our fieldwork to a final value of 39%.
Fig. 82 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 82. Results of conventional trapping for nonvolant mammals at Paracou, using all commercially available equipment (Victor rat traps, Sherman live traps, Tomahawks, Conibears, and legholds) at or near ground level (0–3 m above the ground). A total of 162 captures representing 18 species of marsupials and rodents were recorded from 1991 to 1994.
Fig. 87 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 87. Results of diurnal and nocturnal hunting/census at Paracou, where 16 species of nonvolant mammals were recorded by the former method and 31 species by the latter. In lieu of more appropriate measures of effort (see text), we simply plot species accumulation against field dates (202 total) for both methods.
Fig. 85 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 85. Results of arboreal platform trapping at Paracou, where 17 captures representing six species of marsupials and rodents were obtained with 2004 trapnights of effort in 1993.
Fig. 80 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 80. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skulls of Proechimys cuvieri (left, AMNH 266592) and P. guyannensis (right, AMNH 266595). All views approximately Χ1.5.
Fig. 79 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 79. Caudal pelage of Proechimys cuvieri (left, AMNH 267029) and P. guyannensis (right, AMNH 267037). Tails of cuvieri are conspicuously hairier than those of guyannensis, an external difference that is useful for field identification of these sympatric congeners.
Fig. 77 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 77. Morphology of the incisive foramina and the posterior palate in Proechimys guyannensis (A, AMNH 266595) and P. cuvieri (B, AMNH 266592). Whereas the bony septum that separates the right and left incisive foramina is usually incomplete in P. guyannensis, the septum is always complete in P. cuvieri. Additionally, the incisive foramina of P. cuvieri are usually constricted posteriorly by welldeveloped lateral flanges of the maxillary bone, the posterior palate often has a prominent median keel, and the mesopterygoid fossa is typically broad and shallow. By contrast, the bony relief of the posterior palate is less prominent in most specimens of P. guyannensis, in which the mesopterygoid fossa is often narrower, more acutely angled, and penetrates farther between the toothrows. Scale bar = 5 mm.
Fig. 76 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 76. Frequency histogram of maxillary toothrow length (MTR) for all measured French Guianan specimens of Proechimys (N = 72; see text).
Fig. 78 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 78. Morphology of the floor of the infraorbital foramen in French Guianan Proechimys, illustrating alternative conditions of the canal for the infraorbital nerve scored as character states in table 46. A, Floor of infraorbital foramen smooth, without nerve canal (P. cuvieri [AMNH 266572] scored as ''1''); B, nerve canal present, defined
Fig. 81 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 81. Results of nonvolant mammal sampling at Paracou from 1991 to 1994, where we recorded a total of 50 species in 202 days using all direct methods of nonvolant faunal inventory (trapping, hunting/census, and miscellaneous; table 48). ''Minimum known diversity'' (64 species) includes the additional records obtained by previous researchers in our study area, together with secondhand observations that we documented by interviewing local residents.
Fig. 90 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 90. Species richness comparisons for higherlevel clades at three Neotropical rainforest sites. For each clade, bar height indicates the number of species at La Selva (L), Paracou (P), and Manu (M); percentages above each bar indicate the relative contribution of those species to the entire nonvolant fauna at each site. Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla are combined as Ungulata, Rodentia and Lagomorpha as Glires.
Fig. 98 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 98. The Guiana subregion of Amazonia as traditionally delimited by the Orinoco, the Rio Negro, and the lower Amazon; an arrow indicates the Casiquiare Canal, which connects the headwaters of the Orinoco and the Rio Negro in southern Venezuela. Closed circles (c) show inventory sites and other collecting localities with typically Guianan rainforest mammal faunas; triangles (Δ) show localities with faunas that include many allochthonous (nonGuianan) species of rainforest mammals. Geographic coordinates and references (which list museum collections where voucher specimens are preserved) for Cunucunuma, Imataca, Kartabo, and Manaus (= MCSE Reserves) are provided in table 55. Equivalent information about three other localities is available in the literature: Esmeralda (Tate, 1939; Handley, 1976), Boca Mavaca (Handley, 1976), and Neblina Base Camp (Gardner, 1988). Collections from Dadanawa (2°50̍N, 59°30̍W) are in the ROM and USNM. Collections from Locksie Hattie (5°10̍N, 55°28̍W) are in the FMNH. Collections from the vicinity of Faro (2°11̍S, 56°44̍W) are in the AMNH. Collections that we examined from the Serra do Navio (0°59̍N, 52°03̍W) are in the USNM.
Fig. 96 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 96. Results of biogeographic analyses of 14 rainforest bat faunas (see Simmons and Voss [1998: table 75] for geographic coordinates and other locality information). Solid contours enclose groups obtained from UPGMA clustering by Jaccard's coefficient of faunal similarity that were also recovered with Ź50% bootstrap support from a parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE; see text for explanation). Broken contours show UPGMA similarity clusters that receive <50% bootstrap support from PAE. Paracou and Piste St.Élie (an adjacent inventory site in northern French Guiana) were treated as separate terminals (OTUs) in both analyses, but are here combined for visual clarity. The raw (presence/absence) data on which both clustering and PAE were based are those tabulated by Simmons and Voss (1998: appendix 2) with the corrections noted in table 62 of this report.
Fig. 75 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 75. Dorsal, ventral, and left lateral views of the skull of AMNH 266566, neotype of Cavia acouchy Erxleben, 1777 (= Myoprocta acouchy). All views approximately Χ1.3.
Fig. 92 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 92. Species accumulation curves for all mammals at three Neotropical rainforest inventory sites (see fig. 88). Persondays were calculated by multiplying the number of inventory workers by the number of productive field days at each site (excluding dates when no sampling occurred). The Paracou curve is from our first (1991) field season, when we used the same methods as those employed at the other localities (primarily groundlevel mistnetting, searching for bat roosts, conventional trapping, and hunting/census). The Xingu curve represents collections and sight records made by USNM personnel near their base camp from 13 August to 23 October 1986 (collections at other sites up and downriver are excluded; see Voss and Emmons, 1996: appendix 8). The Balta curve represents collections made by A. L. Gardner and J. L. Patton from 1966 to 1971, but omits miscellaneous specimens obtained at the same locality by other researchers not continuously engaged in mammal inventory work (see Voss and Emmons, 1996: appendix 9).
Fig. 86 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 86. Results of pitfall trapping at Paracou, where 45 captures representing 12 species of marsupials and rodents were recorded with 2783 bucketnights of effort in 1993.
Fig. 72 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 72. Fenestration of the bony roof of the mesopterygoid fossa in typical examples of Myoprocta acouchy (A, AMNH 266566) and M. pratti (B, FMNH 125085). The sphenopalatine vacuities (spv) are usually present only as narrow (<1 mm) slits in the bony roof of the mesopterygoid fossa of M. acouchy, but in M. pratti these fenestrae are wider, teardropshaped apertures.
Fig. 73 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 73. Geographic range of Myoprocta acouchy based on specimens examined. 1, BRAZIL, Amapa´, Serra do Navio; 2, BRAZIL, Amazonas, Boca Rio Piratucu; 3, BRAZIL, Amazonas, Lago do Baptista; 4, BRAZIL, Amazonas, Lago do Serpa; 5, BRAZIL, Amazonas, Lower Solimões; 6, BRAZIL, Amazonas, Santo Antonio do Amatari; 7, BRAZIL, Para´, Colonia do Veado; 8, BRAZIL, Para´, Faro; 9, BRAZIL, Para´, Monte Alegre; 10, Para´, Cachoeira Porteira; 11, Roraima, Conceição; 12, BRAZIL, Roraima, Serra Grande; 13, FRENCH GUIANA, Paracou; 14, FRENCH GUIANA, Saut Macaque; 15, FRENCH GUIANA, St.Laurent du Maroni; 16, FRENCH GUIANA, Tamanoir; 17, GUYANA, Cuyuni Mazaruni, Kartabo; 18, GUYANA, PomeroonSupenaam, Supinaam River; 19, GUYANA, PotaroSiparuni, Potaro; 20, GUYANA, Upper DemeraraBerbice, Moraballi; 21, GUYANA, Upper Takutu Upper Essequibo, Dadanawa; 22, SURINAM, Brokopondo, Locksie Hattie; 23, SURINAM, Marowijne, Paloemeu Camp; 24, SURINAM, Nickerie, Kaiserberg Airstrip; 25, SURINAM, Nickerie, Wilhelmina Mountains.
Fig. 71 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species
Fig. 71. Unvouchered photographs of living Coendou melanurus (top) and C. prehensilis (bottom, not to same scale) from Petit Saut, French Guiana (ca. 28 km SSW Paracou). Both animals are alarmed, so the pale bases of their erected quills are exposed. When C. melanurus is not alarmed and defensive, its short bicolored (blacktipped) quills are hidden beneath a dense coat of long fur (see fig. 67). By contrast, the large tricolored (whitetipped) quills of C. prehensilis are always visible because the short sparse fur of this species is concealed among the quill bases. Also note the diagnostically bulging forehead and swollen muzzle of C. prehensilis, and the equally diagnostic blackish caudal bristles of C. melanurus. From color transparencies by J.C. Vie´.
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