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FIGURE 3 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 3. Pauropsalta annulata Goding and Froggatt (A) male, Lake Dyer (27°38'S 152°22'E); (B) female, Lake Dyer; (C) male, Charlevue Creek; (23°41'S 145°08'E); (D) female, Charlevue Creek. Approximately 1.6x natural size.

FIGURE 8 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 8. Male calling song structure of Pauropsalta annulata Goding and Froggatt illustrated in waveform plot form, showing both buzzing and lilting components. Each lower plot is expanded from the one above, to illustrate the finer temporal structure of each song comparison. The spectrogram at the bottom of the figure displays song frequency, which exhibits no modulation between the song components in this species. This specimen was recorded in the field at Carina Heights (27°30'S 153°06'E).

FIGURE 18 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 18. (A–B) Pauropsalta tremula sp. nov., Lake Broadwater (27°21'S 151°06'E), (A) male, (B) female; (C–D) P. blackdownensis sp. nov., Blackdown Tableland (23°47'S 149°0'E), (C) male, (D) female; (E–F) P. simplex sp. nov., Atherton (17°16'S 145°29'E), (E) male, (F) female. Approximately 1.6x natural size.

FIGURE 20 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 20. Male calling song structure of Pauropsalta tremula sp. nov. illustrated in expanded waveform plots (explained in Fig. 8), showing both introductory and lilting components. The spectrogram at the bottom of the figure displays song frequency. This specimen was recorded in the field at Lake Broadwater (27°21'S 151°06'E).

FIGURE 7 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 7. Map of eastern Australia showing the geographical distribution of Pauropsalta annulata Goding and Froggatt. Large triangles represent specimen records (see material examined), and small triangles are aural records (some recorded). The grey shaded area shows the distribution of the central highlands population (Clermont–Emerald) of P. annulata in Queensland (see description and morphological key).

FIGURE 2. Oscillograms providing a in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 2. Oscillograms providing a comparison of the calling song structure of each taxon (and hybrid population) in the Pauropsalta annulata species group: (A) Pauropsalta annulata Goding and Froggatt, Eidsvold (25°22'S 151°07'E), (B) P. notialis notialis subsp. nov., Concord (33°51'S 151°06'E); (C) P. n. incitata subsp. nov., Eidsvold (25°22'S 151°07'E); (D) P. n. notialisxincitata hybrid, Upper Yarraman (26°54'S 151°54'E); (E) P. tremula sp. nov., Lake Broadwater (27°21'S 151°06'E); (F) P. blackdownensis sp. nov., Blackdown Tableland (23°44'S 149°07'E); (G) P. simplex sp. nov., Atherton (17°16'S 145°29'E); (H) P. granitica sp. nov., 7km SE. of Mount Carbine (16°34'S 145°10'E); (I) P. subtropica sp. nov., Auburn River National Park (25°43'S 151°03'E); (J) P. torrensis sp. nov., Torrens Creek (20°47'S 145°01'E); (K) P. decora sp. nov., 82km N. of St George (27°23'S 148°52'E); (L) P. kobongoides sp. nov., Weengallon (28°22'S 149°03'E); (M) P. corymbiae sp. nov., Bull's Gully via Adavale (25°58'S 144°59'E); (N) P. inversa sp. nov., Eidsvold (25°22'S 151°07'E); (O) P. rubristrigata (Goding and Froggatt), Nimmitabel (36°31'S 149°14'E); (P) P. ayrensis Ewart, Eidsvold (25°22'S 151°07'E). All recordings were made with RS1, except (M) and (O), which were obtained by A. Ewart with RS3 and the author using RS5, respectively (see methods).

FIGURE 19 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 19. Map of eastern Australia showing the geographical distribution of Pauropsalta tremula sp. nov., P. blackdownensis sp. nov. and P. simplex sp. nov. Large symbols represent specimen records (see type data) and small symbols represent aural records (some recorded).

FIGURE 15 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 15. Waveform plots illustrating the lilting component of the male calling song of Pauropsalta notialis incitata subsp. nov. from six different localities, including: (i) Chinchilla (26°44'S 150°38'E), (ii) Eidsvold (25°22'S 151°07'E), (iii) Newell Highway, 4 km N. of Bellata (2953'S 149°47'E) (iv) Canberra (35°18'S 149°06'E), (v) 10 km W. of Diggers Rest (37°37'S 144°37'E), and (vi) Blackall (24°26'S 145°28'E). Mean phrase repetition rates (PRR) for each recording are provided to the right of each plot for reference. The Blackall recording (vi) is a duet that includes a female's response, with each female wingflick indicated by an arrow. This recording includes short buzzing components, to which the female also responds. Recording (i) was made with RS2, recordings (iii) and (v) were made with RS4 (by D. Marshall), recording (iv) was made with RS5 and all other recordings were made with RS1 (see methods).

FIGURE 17 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 17. Waveform plots illustrating the lilting component of the male calling song of Pauropsalta notialis notialisxincitata hybrids from six different localities, including: (i) Upper Yarraman (26°54'S 151°54'E), (ii) Atkinsons Dam (27°26'S 152°27'E), (iii) Boonah (28°00'S 152°41'E), (iv) Woodford (26°56'S 152°46'E), (v) Cooyar (26°59'S 151°50'E), and (vi) Wuruma Dam Road (25°11'S 151°02'E). Mean phrase repetition rates (PRR) for each recording are provided to the right of each plot for reference. The Upper Yarraman recording (i) is a duet that includes the responses from a female, with each female wing-flick indicated by an arrow.

FIGURE 23 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 23. Male calling song structure of Pauropsalta blackdownensis sp. nov. illustrated in expanded waveform plots (explained in Fig. 8). The spectrogram at the bottom of the figure displays song frequency. This specimen was recorded in the field at Blackdown Tableland (23°44'S 149°07'E).

FIGURE 14 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 14. Male calling song structure of Pauropsalta notialis incitata subsp. nov. illustrated in expanded waveform plots (explained in Fig. 8), showing both buzzing and lilting components. The spectrogram at the bottom of the figure displays song frequency, which exhibits no modulation between the song components in this species. This specimen was recorded in the field at Goombungee (27°18'S 151°51'E).

FIGURE 11 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 11. Map of eastern Australia showing the geographical distribution of Pauropsalta notialis sp. nov. (including P. n. notialis subsp. nov. (solid circles), P. n. incitata subsp. nov. (solid triangles) and their hybrid P. n. notialisxincitata (crosses)). The large symbols represent specimen records (see type data and material examined), whereas small symbols represent aural records (some recorded).

FIGURE 22 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 22. Illustrations of male pygofer and internal genitalia, viewed ventrally (left) and laterally from left (right): (A) P. blackdownensis sp. nov., Blackdown Tableland (23°47'S 149°00'E); (B) P. simplex sp. nov., Atherton (17°16'S 145°29'E); (C) P. granitica sp. nov., Spear Creek via Palmer River (16°03'S 144°48'E); (D) P. subtropica sp. nov., 1km N. of Auburn River National Park (25°43'S 151°03'E); (E) P. torrensis sp. nov., 65km E. of Hughenden (20°50'S 144°48'E); (F) P. decora sp. nov., 82km N. of St George (27°23'S 148°52'E).

FIGURE 27 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 27. (A–B) Pauropsalta granitica sp. nov., 7km SE. of Mount Carbine (16°34'S 145°10'E), (A) male, (B) female; (C– D) P. subtropica sp. nov., 1km N. of Auburn River National Park (25°43'S 151°03'E). (C) male, (D) female; (E–F) P. torrensis sp. nov., Torrens Creek (20°47'S 145°01'E), (E) male, (F) female. Approximately 1.6x natural size.

FIGURE 12 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 12. Male calling song structure of Pauropsalta notialis notialis subsp. nov. illustrated in expanded waveform plots (explained in Fig. 8), showing both buzzing and lilting components. The spectrogram at the bottom of the figure displays song frequency, which exhibits no modulation between the song components in this species. This specimen was recorded in the field at Concord (33°51'S 151°06'E).

FIGURE 9 in The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum

FIGURE 9. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum papefayei n. sp. and Anthocephalum philruschi n. sp. A. A. papefayei n. sp., scolex. Letters indicate locations of Figures 9C–E. B. A. papefayei n. sp., bothridial rim. C. A. papefayei n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus near bothridial rim. D. A. papefayei n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus away from rim. E. A. papefayei n. sp., distal surface of bothridium. F. A. philruschi n. sp., scolex. Letters indicate locations of Figures 9I–J. G. A. philruschi n. sp., marginal loculi. Letter indicates location of Figure 9H. H. A. philruschi n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus near bothridial rim. I. A. philruschi n. sp., proximal surface of bothridium. J. A. philruschi n. sp., distal surface of bothridium.

FIGURE 10 in The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum

FIGURE 10. Bayesian inference topology resulting from phylogenetic analysis of rhinebothriidean species. BI posterior probabilities are given above the branches and ML bootstrap values below the branches. Branch length scale is provided at bottom left of topology.

FIGURE 6 in The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum

FIGURE 6. Scolex and proglottid line drawings of Anthocephalum meadowsi n. sp. and Anthocephalum odonnellae n. sp.. A. A. meadowsi n. sp., scolex of holotype (QM G234607). B. A. meadowsi n. sp., proglottid of holotype (QM G234607). C. A. odonnellae n. sp., scolex of paratype (LRP 8543). D. A. odonnellae n. sp., proglottid of paratype (LRP 8548).

FIGURE 8 in The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum

FIGURE 8. Scolex and proglottid line drawings of Anthocephalum papefayei n. sp. and Anthocephalum philruschi n. sp. A. A. papefayei n. sp., scolex of paratype (LRP 8554). B. A. papefayei n. sp., proglottid of holotype (MNHN HEL435). C. A. philruschi n. sp., scolex of holotype (QM G234610). D. A. philruschi n. sp., proglottid of holotype (QM G234610).

FIGURE 7 in The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum

FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs of Anthocephalum meadowsi n. sp. and Anthocephalum odonnellae n. sp. A. A. meadowsi n. sp., scolex. Letters indicate locations of Figures 7C–E. B. A. meadowsi n. sp., marginal loculi. Letters indicate locations of Figures 7C–D. C. A. meadowsi n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus near bothridial rim. D. A. meadowsi n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus and bothridium. E. A. meadowsi n. sp., distal surface of bothridium. F. A. odonnellae n. sp., scolex. Letters indicate locations of Figures 7I–J. G. A. odonnellae n. sp., marginal loculi. Letter indicates location of Figure 7H. H. A. odonnellae n. sp., proximal surface of marginal loculus near bothridial rim. I. A. odonnellae n. sp., proximal surface of bothridium. J. A. odonnellae n. sp., distal surface of bothridium.