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455 results for “mushroom”
Discovery of the closest free-living relative of the domesticated “magic mushroom” <em>Psilocybe cubensis</em> in Africa
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Data from: Long-term social memory of mate copying in Drosophila melanogaster is localized in the mushroom bodies
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Hybrid neural networks in the mushroom body drive olfactory preference in Drosophila
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Transcriptional response of mushrooms to artificial sun exposure
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Data from: Continental-level population differentiation and environmental adaptation in the mushroom Suillus brevipes
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Patterns of host plant use do not explain mushroom body expansion in Heliconiini butterflies
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Phylogenomics of the psychoactive mushroom genus Psilocybe and evolution of the psilocybin biosynthetic gene cluster
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Data sets of preference for Mucor circinelloides over edible mushrooms in the fungus gnat Bradysia impatiens
<p>This is the raw data for the olfactory response experiments on preference for <em>Mucor circinelloides</em> over edible mushrooms in the fungus gnat <em>Bradysia impatiens</em> (Diptera: Sciaridae).</p>
Phylogenetic analysis of the distribution of deadly amatoxins among the little brown mushrooms of the genus Galerina
<p>Some but not all of the species of 'little brown mushrooms' in the genus <i>Galerina</i> contain deadly amatoxins at concentrations equaling those in the death cap, <i>Amanita</i> <i>phalloides.</i> However, <i>Galerina</i>'s ~300 species are notoriously difficult to identify by morphology and the identity of toxin-containing specimens has not been verified with DNA barcode sequencing. This left open the question of which <i>Galerina</i> species contain toxins and which do not. We selected specimens for toxin analysis using a preliminary phylogeny of the fungal DNA barcode region, the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, we analyzed amatoxins from 70 samples of <i>Galerina</i> and close relatives, collected in western British Columbia, Canada. To put the presence of toxins into a phylogenetic context, we included the 70 samples in maximum likelihood analyses of 438 taxa, using ITS, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (<i>RPB2</i>), and nuclear large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU) gene sequences. We sequenced barcode DNA from types where possible to aid with applications of names. We detected amatoxins only in the 24 samples of the <i>G. marginata</i> s.l. complex in the <i>Naucoriopsis</i> clade. We delimited 56 putative <i>Galerina</i> species using Automatic Barcode Gap Detection software. Phylogenetic analysis showed moderate to strong support for <i>Galerina</i> infrageneric clades <i>Naucoriopsis</i>, <i>Galerina</i>, <i>Tubariopsis</i>, and<i> Sideroides</i>. <i>Mycenopsis </i>appeared paraphyletic and included <i>Gymnopilus</i>. Amatoxins were not detected in 46 samples from <i>Galerina</i> clades outside of <i>Naucoriopsis</i> or from outgroups. Our data show significant quantities of toxin in all mushrooms tested from the <i>G. marginata</i> s.l. complex. DNA barcoding revealed consistent accuracy in morphology-based identification of specimens to <i>G.</i> <i>marginata </i>s.l. complex. Prompt and careful morphological identification of ingested <i>G.</i> <i>marginata </i>s.l. has the potential to improve patient outcomes by leading to fast and appropriate treatment.</p>
Data from: Over the hills, but how far away? estimates of mushroom geographic range extents
Aim: Geographic distributions of mushroom species remain poorly understood despite their importance for advancing our understanding of the habitat requirements, species interactions and ecosystem functions of this key group of organisms. Here, we estimate geographic range extents (maximum within-species geographic distance) of genetically defined operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Location: World-wide, with emphasis on the American Pacific Northwest Taxa: Amanita, Agaricus, Cortinarius, Galerina, Hebeloma, Hydnum, Hygrocybe, Hygrophorus, Inocybe, Lepiota, Pholiota, and Russula+Lactarius; other genera in Agaricomycotina Method: We used publicly available OTUs from ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences (n=15,373) from 12 mushroom genera with worldwide distributions. For each of 2,324 ~species-level OTUs, we estimated the maximum within-species range extent based on sample locality records. In parallel, we estimated range extents for species in four tree genera. Contrasting estimates from well-studied trees allowed us to test for potential biases in our range estimates of less well inventoried mushrooms. Results: The median range extents across the 2,324 mushroom OTUs varied from ~1,200 km to 4,039 km, depending on assumptions. These extents were significantly lower than estimates from permuted or randomized data. Mushroom ranges were comparable to the median natural range extent of tree species (1,613 km). In contrast, the tree median species range increased to 16,581 km when anthropogenic range extensions were included. At least ten mushroom species were similarly broadly distributed, eight of which have been associated with human activity. Main conclusions: Overall, like tree species, mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi show evidence of biogeographic structure rather than global distributions. This reconstruction of geographic range extents drew upon investments into ITS barcoding of extensive herbarium collections. Large scale analyses such as ours can yield estimates of fungal geographic range extents that are a prerequisite to a deeper understanding of the diverse roles of fungi in ecosystems.
Data from: Disentangling visual and olfactory signals in mushroom-mimicking Dracula orchids using realistic three-dimensional printed flowers
Flowers use olfactory and visual signals to communicate with pollinators. Disentangling the relative contributions and potential synergies between signals remains a challenge. Understanding the perceptual biases exploited by floral mimicry illuminates the evolution of these signals. Here, we disentangle the olfactory and visual components of Dracula lafleurii, which mimics mushrooms in size, shape, color and scent, and is pollinated by mushroom-associated flies. To decouple signals, we used three-dimensional printing to produce realistic artificial flower molds that were color matched and cast using scent-free surgical silicone, to which we could add scent. We used GC-MS to measure scents in co-occurring mushrooms, and related orchids, and used these scents in field experiments. By combining silicone flower parts with real floral organs, we created chimeras that identified the mushroom-like labellum as a source of volatile attraction. In addition, we showed remarkable overlap in the volatile chemistry between D. lafleurii and co-occurring mushrooms. The characters defining the genus Dracula – a mushroom-like, 'gilled' labellum and a showy, patterned calyx – enhance pollinator attraction by exploiting the visual and chemosensory perceptual biases of drosophilid flies. Our techniques for the manipulation of complex traits in a nonmodel system not conducive to gene silencing or selective breeding are useful for other systems.
Data from: Megaphylogeny resolves global patterns of mushroom evolution
Mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) have the greatest morphological diversity and complexity of any group of fungi. They have radiated into most niches and fulfill diverse roles in the ecosystem, including wood decomposers, pathogens or mycorrhizal mutualists. Despite the importance of mushroom-forming fungi, large-scale patterns of their evolutionary history are poorly known, in part due to the lack of a comprehensive and dated molecular phylogeny. Here, using multigene and genome-based data, we assemble a 5,284-species phylogenetic tree and infer molecular clock ages and broad patterns of speciation/extinction and morphological innovation in mushroom-forming fungi. Agaricomycetes started a rapid class-wide radiation in the Jurassic, coinciding with the spread of (sub)tropical coniferous forests and a warming climate. A possible mass extinction, several clade-specific adaptive radiations, and morphological diversification of fruiting bodies followed during the Cretaceous and the Paleogene, convergently giving rise to the classic toadstool morphology, with a cap, stalk, and gills. This morphology is associated with increased rates of lineage diversification, suggesting it represents a key innovation in the evolution of mushroom-forming fungi. The accumulation of mushroom diversity started during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic radiation event, an era of humid climate when terrestrial communities dominated by gymnosperms and reptiles were also expanding.
Electric Mushroom
This was part of an exhibit made for Burning Man that is now on tour. This was at the Oakland Museum in California. This was moving and changing color. I am sort of surprised that it came out at all. But the but LED lights and colors coming from the inside of this was impressive. Created in RealityCapture by Capturing Reality from 69 images Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Mushroom Species: Diversity, Utility, and Conservation
<p><i>Mushrooms, as a taxonomically diverse group of fungi, have garnered increasing scientific interest due to their ecological significance and extensive utility in various industries. This review contributes a comprehensive analysis that integrates the ecological, economic, and medicinal aspects of mushrooms, shedding light on the novel and holistic understanding of these remarkable organisms. It emphasizes the urgent requirement for a more cohesive approach to studying and preserving mushroom diversity, considering their integral role in ecosystems and their potential to address pressing global challenges. The primary aim of this paper is to provide a holistic assessment of mushroom species diversity, delve into their diverse utilities across various sectors, and emphasize the imperative need for their conservation. The article is based on an extensive examination of scientific literature, encompassing research articles, reports, and databases. The paper showcases the extraordinary diversity of mushroom species, with countless yet-to-be-identified species. Despite their ecological and economic importance, mushroom populations face formidable threats from habitat degradation, overharvesting, and climate change. Mushrooms, often overshadowed by more charismatic organisms, are indispensable components of ecosystems and hold tremendous potential for various industries. To ensure their sustained existence, comprehensive conservation strategies are imperative, including the establishment of protected areas, sustainable harvesting practices, and the promotion of cultivation techniques. Additionally, raising awareness among the public and policymakers about the multifaceted significance of mushrooms is essential. Finally, the paper recommends fostering interdisciplinary collaborations to explore untapped mushroom potential, incorporating mushroom conservation into biodiversity plans, and launching educational initiatives to heighten public awareness. This review serves as a foundational resource for future studies and initiatives aimed at preserving mushroom diversity and harnessing their manifold benefits for society and the environment</i>.</p>
Supplementary materials of the article Mushrooms Adapted to Seawater: Two New Species of Candolleomyces (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) from China
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FIGURES 1–4 in A simple, low-cost device for collecting mushroom-dwelling Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)
FIGURES 1–4. Method proposed here for collecting mushroom-dwelling beetles, especially the Scaphidiinae. 1. Examining the gills with a mirror. 2. Encapsuling the mushroom. 3. Waiting for the beetles to stop moving. 4. Fainted beetles before being transferred to Falcon tubes.
Mushrooms
<p>Datasets of diferent characteristic of mushrooms.</p>
mushrooms
<p>Dataset mushrooms</p>
DeepCAD-RT dataset: Drosophila mushroom body
<p>DeepCAD-RT dataset: Drosophila mushroom body</p>
FIGURE 3 in The case of the missing mushroom: a novel bioluminescent species discovered within Favolaschia in southwestern China
FIGURE 3. Microscopic structures of Favolaschia xtbgensis (HKAS121667, holotype). A. Hyphae at edge of pores showing basidia. B. Hyphae of pileus cortex. C. Basidiospores under SEM. D. Upper view of a basidium with sterigmata and young basidiospores under SEM. Scale bars: A=20 μm; C, D=10 μm.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.