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Daily and Annual PM2.5, O3, and NO2 Concentrations at ZIP Codes for the Contiguous U.S., 2000-2016, v1.0

The Daily and Annual PM2.5, O3, and NO2 Concentrations at ZIP Codes for the Contiguous U.S., 2000-2016, v1.0 data set contains daily and annual concentration predictions for Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Ozone (O3), and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) pollutants at ZIP Code-level for the years 2000 to 2016. Ensemble predictions of three machine-learning models were implemented (Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Neural Network) to estimate the daily PM2.5, O3, and NO2 at the centroids of 1km x 1km grid cells across the contiguous U.S. for 2000 to 2016. The predictors included air monitoring data, satellite aerosol optical depth, meteorological conditions, chemical transport model simulations, and land-use variables. The ensemble models demonstrated excellent predictive performance with 10-fold cross-validated R-squared values of 0.86 for PM2.5, 0.86 for O3, and 0.79 for NO2. These high-resolution, well-validated predictions allow for estimates of ZIP Code-level pollution concentrations with a high degree of accuracy. For general ZIP Codes with polygon representations, pollution levels were estimated by averaging the predictions of grid cells whose centroids lie inside the polygon of that ZIP Code; for other ZIP Codes such as Post Offices or large volume single customers, they were treated as a single point and predicted their pollution levels by assigning the predictions using the nearest grid cell. The polygon shapes and points with latitudes and longitudes for ZIP Codes were obtained from Esri and the U.S. ZIP Code Database and were updated annually. The data include about 31,000 general ZIP Codes with polygon representations, and about 10,000 ZIP Codes as single points. The aggregated ZIP Code-level, daily predictions are applicable in research such as environmental epidemiology, environmental justice, health equity, and political science, by linking with ZIP Code-level demographic and medical data sets, including national inpatient care records, medical claims data, census data, U.S. Census Bureau American CommUnity Survey (ACS), and Area Deprivation Index (ADI). The data are particularly useful for studies on rural populations who are under-represented due to the lack of air monitoring sites in rural areas. Compared with the 1km grid data, the ZIP Code-level predictions are much smaller in size and are manageable in personal computing environments. This greatly improves the inclusion of scientists in different fields by lowering the key barrier to participation in air pollution research. The Units are ug/m^3 for PM2.5 and ppb for O3 and NO2.

Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II Version 7.0 Aerosol, O3, NO2 and H2O Profiles in binary format

SAGE2_AEROSOL_O3_NO2_H2O_BINARY_V7.0 is the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II Version 7.0 Aerosol, O3, NO2 and H2O Profiles data set in the SAGE II native binary format. It contains aerosol extinction, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and water vapor profiles. Data collection for this data set is complete. Over the long 21-year mission, the spacecraft experienced episodic anomalies in the power system. These anomalies were usually followed by a period where the occultation events were of limited duration. These so-called short events may have had an insufficient number of exoatmospheric scans of the solar disk precluding an accurate determination of the solar limb darkening curve and the scan mirror relative reflectivity. In version 7.0, these events, a total of 4900, were dropped so that the data users no longer needed to filter out those events. Further, there were approximately 150 events that did not complete processing in earlier versions that were successfully processed in this version. The net result was that there were more usable profiles in v7.0 than in previous versions. SAGE II was a payload installed aboard the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS), which was launched on October 5, 1984, from NASA Space Shuttle Flight 41-G. The SAGE II instrument was a multi-channel spectral radiometer that measured the attenuation of solar radiation at seven wavelengths as they passed through the Earth's atmosphere during the spacecraft's sunrise and sunset events. In one day’s time, the ERBS spacecraft encountered approximately fifteen sunrise and fifteen sunset events. The SAGE II instrument captured solar radiation data for each event. The data span was a vertical distance from about 140 kilometers to the horizon or a cloud top. The ground-track slew distance during data capture varied directly with the duration of the event. Event duration varied with the beta angle of the event - the larger the absolute beta angle, the longer the event. SAGE II continued the SAGE measurements of stratospheric ozone from 1984-2005. After nearly 21 years, the SAGE II Instrument on the ERBS platform was powered off on 22 August, 2005.

LIMS/Nimbus-7 Level 2 Vertical Profiles of O3, NO2, H2O, HNO3, Geopotential Height, and Temperature V006 (LIMSN7L2) at GES DISC

The Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) version 6 Level-2 data product consists of daily, geolocated, vertical profiles of temperature, geopotential height, and mixing ratios of ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), water vapor (H2O), and nitric acid (HNO3). Version 6 LIMS data have improved spatial resolution in both the vertical and along the orbital track, as well as improved accuracy and precision of measured geophysical parameters. The data files are in an ASCII text format and each data file is accompanied by three data screening files. The LIMS instrument was launched on the Nimbus-7 satellite and was operational from 25 October 1978 until May 28, 1979. These data supersede the previous version 5 product, known as the LIMS Inverted Profile Archival Tape (LAIPAT).

OMI/Aura Level 2 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Trace Gas Column Data 1-Orbit subset Swath along CloudSat track 1-Orbit Swath 13x24 km

This is a CloudSat-collocated subset of the original product OMNO2, for the purposes of the A-Train mission. The goal of the subset is to select and return OMI data that are within +/-100 km across the CloudSat track. The resultant OMI subset swath is sought to be about 200 km cross-track of CloudSat. This product also contains many ancillary and derived parameters, terrain and geolocation information, solar and satellite viewing angles, and quality flags. Even though collocated with CloudSat, this subset can serve many other A-Train applications. (The shortname for this CloudSat-collocated OMI Level 2 NO2 subset is OMNO2_CPR_V003)

HIRDLS/Aura Level 3 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 1deg Lat Zonal Fourier Coefficients V007 (H3ZFCNO2) at GES DISC

The "HIRDLS/Aura Level 3 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Zonal Fourier Coefficients" version 7 data product (H3ZFCNO2) contains the entire mission (~3 years) of HIRDLS data expressed as zonal Fourier coefficients in 1 degree latitude bands from -64 to 80 degrees at 121 pressure levels. The coefficients are computed from the HIRDLS Level 2 profiles with a Kalman filter approach using both forward and backward passes in time. Expressed as the mean and up to 7 sine and cosine coefficients (4 waves for ascending and descending, 7 waves for combined), these coefficients may be used to compute values at any longitude. The data are provided on a pressure grid with 24 levels per decade, corresponding to about 1 km vertical resolution. The useful vertical range of the data is 100 to 5.1 hPa. The precision values are given by the root-mean square of the differences between the estimated fields and the input data. The data are stored in the version 5 Hierarchical Data Format for the Earth Observing System (HDF-EOS5), which is an extension of the HDF5 format. Each file contains a zonal object with data for the entire mission with separate data fields for ascending (daytime), descending (nighttime), and combined orbit node.

Daily and Annual NO2 Concentrations for the Contiguous United States, 1-km Grids, v1 (2000 - 2016)

The Daily and Annual NO2 Concentrations for the Contiguous United States, 1-km Grids, v1 (2000-2016) data set contains daily predictions of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) concentrations at a high resolution (1 km x 1 km grid cells) for the years 2000 to 2016. An ensemble modeling framework was used to assess NO2 levels with high accuracy, which combined estimates from three machine learning models (neural network, random forest, and gradient boosting), with a generalized additive model. Predictor variables included NO2 column concentrations from satellites, land-use variables, meteorological variables, predictions from two chemical transport models, GEOS-Chem and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) CommUnity Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ), along with other ancillary variables. The annual predictions were calculated by averaging the daily predictions for each year in each grid cell. The ensemble produced a cross-validated R-squared value of 0.79 overall, a spatial R-squared value of 0.84, and a temporal R-squared value of 0.73.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Tropospheric NO2 1-Orbit L2 7km x 3.5km V1 (S5P_L2NO2_) at GES DISC

Starting from August 6th in 2019, Sentinel-5P TROPOMI along-track high spatial resolution (~5.5km at nadir) has been implemented. For data after August 6th of 2019, please check S5P_L2__NO2___ data collection. The Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P or S5P) satellite mission is one of the European Space Agency's (ESA) new mission family - Sentinels, and it is a joint initiative between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the ESA. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is a nadir-viewing 108 degree Field-of-View push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelength of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS, 270nm to 495nm), near infrared (NIR, 675nm to 775nm), and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 2305nm-2385nm). Sentinel-5P is the first of the Atmospheric Composition Sentinels and is expected to provide measurements of ozone, NO2, SO2, CH4, CO, formaldehyde, aerosols and cloud at high spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions. The TROPOMI retrieval of total and tropospheric NO2, is based on the DOMINO approach, a DOAS retrieval, a pre-calculated air-mass factor (AMF) look-up table, and a data assimilation/chemistry transport model for the separation of the stratospheric and tropospheric contributions to the NO2 column. It also include many retrieval developments of the European Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables (QA4ECV) project.

Global 3-Year Running Mean Ground-Level Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Grids from GOME, SCIAMACHY and GOME-2

The Global 3-Year Running Mean Ground-Level Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Grids from GOME, SCIAMACHY and GOME-2 represent a series of three-year running mean grids (1996-2012) of ground level NO2 that were derived from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME), SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) satellite retrievals. For each satellite-derived NO2 source, the relationship between satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 column densities and the NO2 concentrations at ground level relevant to human exposure is simulated, using the Goddard Earth Observing System chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to produce a mean NO2 concentration raster grid. The grid cell resolution is six arc-minutes (0.1 degree, or approximately 10 km at the equator) covering the global land surface.

Daily and Annual NO2 Concentrations for the Contiguous United States, 1-km Grids, Version 1.10 (2000-2016)

The Daily and Annual NO2 Concentrations for the Contiguous United States, 1-km Grids, Version 1.10 (2000-2016) data set contains daily predictions of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) concentrations at a high resolution (1-km grid cells) for the years 2000 to 2016. An ensemble modeling framework was used to assess NO2 levels with high accuracy, which combined estimates from three machine learning models (neural network, random forest, and gradient boosting), with a generalized additive model. Predictor variables included NO2 column concentrations from satellites, land-use variables, meteorological variables, predictions from two chemical transport models, GEOS-Chem and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) CommUnity Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ), along with other ancillary variables. The annual predictions were calculated by averaging the daily predictions for each year in each grid cell. The ensemble produced a cross-validated R-squared value of 0.79 overall, a spatial R-squared value of 0.84, and a temporal R-squared value of 0.73. In version 1.10, the completeness of daily NO2 predictions have been enhanced by employing linear interpolation to impute missing values. Specifically, for days with small spatial patches of missing data with less than 100 grid cells, inverse distance weighting interpolation was used to fill the missing grid cells. Other missing daily NO2 predictions were interpolated from the nearest days with available data. Annual predictions were updated by averaging the imputed daily predictions for each year in each grid cell. These daily and annual NO2 predictions allow public health researchers to respectively estimate the short- and long-term effects of NO2 exposures on human health, supporting the U.S. EPA for the revision of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for daily average and annual average concentrations of NO2. The data are available in RDS and GeoTIFF formats for statistical research and geospatial analysis.

LIMS/Nimbus-7 Level 3 Daily 2 deg Latitude Zonal Fourier Coefficients of O3, NO2, H2O, HNO3, Geopotential Height, and Temperature V006 (LIMSN7L3) at GES DISC

The Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) version 6 Level-3 data product consists of daily, 2 degree zonal Fourier coefficients, of vertical profiles of temperature, geopotential height, and mixing ratios of ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), water vapor (H2O), and nitric acid (HNO3). The data are on 28 pressure levels, equally spaced logarithmically, between 316 hPa and 0.01 hPa. Version 6 LIMS data have improved accuracy and precision of measured geophysical parameters. The data files are in an ASCII text format compressed using gzip. The LIMS instrument was launched on the Nimbus-7 satellite and was operational from 25 October 1978 until May 28, 1979. These data supercede the previous version 5 products, known as the LIMS Map Archival Tape (LAMAT) and the LIMS Seasonal Map Archival Tape (LASMAT).

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SAGE I Aerosol O3 NO2 Binary version 1

The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment I (SAGE I) was launched February 18, 1979, aboard the Applications Explorer Mission-B (AEM-B) satellite. SAGE I was a sun photometer that used the solar occultation technique to measure aerosols and important stratospheric gases in the atmosphere. SAGE I collected valuable data for nearly three years until the power system on the satellite failed. SAGE I is a predecessor to the very successful SAGE II/III Missions. The data set here are the SAGE I measured vertical profiles of stratospheric multi-wavelength aerosol extinction coefficient and the concentration of ozone and nitrogen dioxide.

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Near-Real-Time (NRT) Tropospheric NO2 1-Orbit L2 5.5km x 3.5km V2 (S5P_L2NO2__HiR_NRT) at GES DISC

The Sentinel-5P TROPOMI Near Real Time (NRT) Tropospheric NO2 1-Orbit L2 5.5km x 3.5km V2 (S5P_L2__NO2____HiR_NRT) at GES DISC is the near real time version of the offline S5P_L2__NO2____HiR data product. These data are typically available within three hours of measurement as required by the Land Atmosphere NRT Capability Earth Observing System (LANCE). These data are intended for a rapid turnaround assessment and are only archived for up to ten days. Users who require a longer data record, or wish to conduct rigorous analysis should use the offline version of this product S5P_L2__NO2____HiR. The Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (Sentinel-5P or S5P) satellite mission is one of the European Space Agency's (ESA) new mission family - Sentinels, and it is a joint initiative between the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the ESA. The sole payload on Sentinel-5P is the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), which is a nadir-viewing 108 degree Field-of-View push-broom grating hyperspectral spectrometer, covering the wavelength of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS, 270nm to 495nm), near infrared (NIR, 675nm to 775nm), and shortwave infrared (SWIR, 2305nm-2385nm). Sentinel-5P is the first of the Atmospheric Composition Sentinels and is expected to provide measurements of ozone, NO2, SO2, CH4, CO, formaldehyde, aerosols and cloud at high spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions. The TROPOMI retrieval of total and tropospheric NO2, is based on the DOMINO approach, a DOAS retrieval, a pre-calculated air-mass factor (AMF) look-up table, and a data assimilation/chemistry transport model for the separation of the stratospheric and tropospheric contributions to the NO2 column. It also include many retrieval developments of the European Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables (QA4ECV) project. Data are stored in individual files, or granules, that contain one orbit of information. The data are stored in netCDF4 data format and files and complete files are ~60 MB.