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4,014 results for “nutrition”
Mineral nitrogen nutrition of Fagus sylvatica L roots colonized by ectomycorrhizal fungi in native forest soil
<p>The aim of this study was to examine the transcription-level response of a symbiotic system comformed by the host tree <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L (European beech) and the root-associated mycobiota to fluctuations in ammonium and nitrate availability in the soil. The experiment was conducted with young trees grown at a natural regeneration forest. We used <sup>15</sup>N stable isotopes in combination with DNA-based and RNA-based molecular methods and Illumina sequencing.</p> <p>We report data on the beech root-associated fungal community structure obtained by metabarcoding of the fungal ITS2 region, transcriptome data from the fungal community associated to the tree roots, and transcriptome data from <em>Fagus sylvatica</em> L in response to ammonium or nitrate application to the soil. We also report data from soil ammonium-N, soil-nitrate-N, tree and soil dry mass, root 15N, root N, root C, root carbohydrates, root ammonium-N, root nitrate-N, soil pH, and climate data from the experiment.</p>
data set regarding to project Optimal assessment of nutritional status in older subjects with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
<p>data set regarding to project Optimal assessment of nutritional status in older subjects with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</p>
data set regarding to project Optimal assessment of nutritional status in older subjects with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – a comparison of three screening tools used in the GLIM diagnostic algorithm
<p>data set regarding to project Optimal assessment of nutritional status in older subjects with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – a comparison of three screening tools used in the GLIM diagnostic algorithm </p>
Data from: Nutritional challenges of feeding a mutualist: testing for a nutrient-toxin tradeoff in fungus-farming leafcutter ants
<p>The biochemical heterogeneity of food items often yields tradeoffs as each bite of food tends to contain some nutrients in surplus and others in deficit, as well as other less palatable or even toxic compounds. These multidimensional nutritional challenges are likely compounded when foraged foods are used to provision others (<i>e.g</i>. offspring or symbionts) with different physiological needs and tolerances. We explored these challenges in free-ranging colonies of leafcutter ants that navigate a diverse tropical forest to collect plant fragments they use to provision a co-evolved fungal cultivar. We tested the prediction that leafcutter farmers face provisioning tradeoffs between the nutritional quality and concentration of toxic tannins in foraged plant fragments. Chemical analyses of plant fragments sampled from the mandibles of Panamanian <i>Atta colombica </i>leafcutter ants provided little support for a nutrient-tannin foraging tradeoff. First, colonies foraged for plant fragments ranging widely in tannin concentration. Second, high tannin levels did not appear to restrict colonies from selecting plant fragments with blends of protein and carbohydrates that maximized cultivar performance when measured with <i>in vitro </i>experiments. We also tested whether tannins expand the realized nutritional niche selected by leafcutter ants into high-protein dimensions since: 1) tannins can bind proteins and reduce their accessibility during digestion, and 2) <i>in vitro</i> experiments have shown that excess protein provisioning reduces cultivar performance. Contrary to this hypothesis, the most protein-rich plant fragments did not have highest tannin levels. More generally, the approach developed here can be used to test how multidimensional interactions between nutrients and toxins shape the costs and benefits of providing care to offspring or symbionts.</p>
Combined Biostimulant Applications of Trichoderma spp. with Fatty Acid Mixtures Improve Biocontrol Activity, Horticultural Crop Yield and Nutritional Quality
<p>Raw Data of "Combined Biostimulant Applications of Trichoderma spp. with Fatty Acid Mixtures Improve Biocontrol Activity, Horticultural Crop Yield and Nutritional Quality".</p>
No impact of biocontrol agent's predation cues on development time or size of surviving Aedes albopictus under optimal nutritional availability
<p>Cyclopoid copepods have been applied successfully to limit populations of highly invasive <em>Aedes albopictus</em> mosquitoes that can transmit diseases of public health importance. However, there is concern that changes in certain mosquito traits, induced by exposure to copepod predation, might increase the risk of disease transmission. In this study, third instar <em>Ae. albopictus</em> larvae, hereafter referred to as "focal individuals", were exposed to <em>Megacyclops viridis</em> predator cues associated with both consumption of newly-hatched mosquito larvae and attacks on focal individuals. The number of newly-hatched larvae surrounding each focal larva was held constant to control for density effects on size, and the focal individual's day of pupation and wing length were recorded for each replicate. Exposing late instar <em>Ae. albopictus</em> to predation decreased their chances of surviving to adulthood, and three focal larvae that died in the predator treatment showed signs of melanization, indicative of wounding. Among surviving focal <em>Ae. albopictus</em>, no significant difference in either pupation day or wing length was observed due to copepod predation. The absence of a significant sublethal impact from <em>M. viridis</em> copepod predation on surviving later-stage larvae in this analysis supports the use of <em>M. viridis</em> as a biocontrol agent against <em>Ae. albopictus</em>.</p>
Fig. 1 in Spatial And Temporal Changes In Falconiformes And Strigiformes Nutrition: Causes, Significance, Consequences
Fig. 1. Scheme of possible developments after the meeting of the predator and the victim.
Supplementary tables for Honey Bee symbiont buffers larvae against nutritional stress and supplements lysine
<p>Honey bees have suffered dramatic losses in recent years, largely due to multiple stressors underpinned by poor nutrition. Nutritional stress especially harms larvae, who mature into workers unable to meet the needs of their colony. In this study, we characterize the metabolic capabilities of a honey bee larvae-associated bacterium, <em>Bombella apis</em> (formerly <em>Parasaccharibacter apium</em>), and its effects on the nutritional resilience of larvae. We found that <em>B. apis</em> is the only bacterium associated with larvae that can withstand the antimicrobial larval diet. Further, we found that <em>B. apis</em> can synthesize all essential amino acids and significantly alters the amino acid content of synthetic larval diet, largely by supplying the essential amino acid lysine. Analyses of gene gain/loss across the phylogeny suggest that four amino acid transporters were gained in recent <em>B. apis</em> ancestors. In addition, the transporter LysE is conserved across all sequenced strains of <em>B. apis</em>. Finally, we tested the impact of <em>B. apis</em> on developing honey bee larvae subjected to nutritional stress and found that larvae supplemented with <em>B. apis</em> are bolstered against mass reduction despite limited nutrition. Together, these data suggest a novel role of <em>B. apis</em> as a nutritional mutualist of honey bee larvae.</p>
Nutritional efficiency of S. littoralis
<p>Nutritional efficiency and digestive enzyme activity of <em>S. littoralis</em> were quantified after feeding on various mung bean cultivars.</p>
Full list of publications dealing with resources nutritional quality in ecology
<p><span>Our understanding of ecosystem functioning is strongly linked to the study of predator-prey relationships and food web structures. However, trophic ecology has often focused on identifying taxonomic relationships and quantifying the biomass or energy ingested by consumers, but has often failed to integrate the importance of the nutritional quality of resources in ecological dynamics. Underlying this gap is the multi-dimensional nature of resource quality which has hampered any consensus on the definition of resource nutritional quality. In this special issue, we aimed at gathering a subset of articles exemplifying the diversity of variables by which resources quality is quantified, the diversity of research topics that can be tackled in ecology - from physiological or evolutionary aspects to ecosystem processes - and propose some perspectives on the integration of nutritional quality within broader ecological concepts. Using a semi-automated literature analysis, we map the current landscape of the "resources nutritional quality" research of the last 30 years. We depict how it has been quantified through physical, biological or chemical indicators, the use of these parameters being largely dependent on the type of ecosystem studied and on the investigated ecological process. We then position t</span><span>he articles published in this special issue of Oikos within this landscape, showing they cover a small but relatively well representative subset of the domains of resources quality-related issues. Articles in this special issue browse a range of individual and population-level approaches (embracing evolutionary questions) to community related questions, include methodological issues and ecosystem-wide approaches using trophic quality indicators as tracers of resources origin. Based on these studies and on the literature review, we identify a non-exhaustive list of challenges and perspectives of research that we consider of highest priority in the large topic of trophic ecology.</span></p>
The metabolic hormone adiponectin affects the correlation between nutritional status and pneumococcal vaccine response in vulnerable indigenous children
<p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong><span>Background:</span></strong><span> Almost 200 million children worldwide are either undernourished or overweight</span><span>. </span><span>Only a few studies have addressed the effect of variation in nutritional status on vaccine response</span><span>. </span><span>We previously demonstrated an association between stunting and an increased post-vaccination 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) response. In this prospective study, we assessed to what extent metabolic hormones may be a modifier in the association between nutritional status and PCV13 response.</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong><span>Methods: </span></strong><span>Venezuelan children aged 6 weeks to 59 months were vaccinated with a primary series of PCV13. Nutritional status and serum levels of leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin were measured upon vaccination and their combined effect on serum post-vaccination antibody concentrations was assessed by generalized estimating equations multivariable regression analysis.</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> A total of 210 children were included, of whom 80 were stunted, 81 had a normal weight and 49 were overweight. Overweight children had lower post-vaccination antibody concentrations than normal weight children </span><span>(regression coefficient -1.15, 95% CI -2.22 – -0.072)</span><span>. Additionally, there was a significant adiponectin-nutritional status interaction. In stunted children, higher adiponectin serum concentrations were associated with lower post-PCV13 antibody concentrations </span><span>(regression coefficient -0.19, 95% CI -0.24 – -0.14) </span><span>while the opposite was seen in overweight children </span><span>(regression coefficient 0.14, 95% CI 0.049 – 0.22)</span><span>. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusion:</span></strong><span> Metabolic hormones, in particular adiponectin, may modify the effect of nutritional status on pneumococcal vaccine response. These findings emphasize the importance of further research to better understand the immunometabolic pathways underlying vaccine response and enable a future of optimal personalized vaccination schedules.</span></p>
DIETImpact - Nutritional composition database of model meals
<p>The integration of food composition data to explain, in vitro, the impact of diet on health, requires a precise knowledge of nutrients composition of complex meals. This database supported the project <strong>DIETimpact</strong> (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030322-PTDC/SAUNUT/30322/2017). Six meals were prepared: a <strong>Western Diet model</strong> <strong>– WD</strong> (fatty beef, French fries and soft drink containing sugar), and other five meals obtained by replacement of: fatty beef by <strong>mackerel (M-mackerel)</strong> or by <strong>chickpeas (M-chickpeas)</strong>; fatty beef and French fries by lean beef drizzled with olive oil and potatoes fried in <strong>olive oil (M-olive)</strong>; half of French fries amount by <strong>broccoli (M-broccoli)</strong>; soft drink containing sugar by <strong>strawberry juice (M-strawberry)</strong>. All the meal models were prepared without salt addition and mimicking household cooking practices. <strong>Macro</strong> and <strong>micronutrientes</strong> composition, making a total of <strong>88 compounds</strong>, was analyzed by official methods and by different chromatographic and spectrophotometric techniques.</p>
Nutritional composition of adult African winged termite and bonga shad
<p>Cheap sources of protein and essential amino acids are among the major concern in aquaculture due to the unbearable cost of fishmeal. There is current research effort on use of insect meal as dietary substitute for fish meal in animal nutrition. As first step for a successful trial, knowledge of the nutritional composition of the experimental insect is important. It was observed that bonga shad showed higher levels of crude protein and ash while African winged termite was higher in crude lipid and dry matter. There was similarity in the levels of essential amino acids in both animals. However, there were considerable differences in the level of fatty acids of the two experimental animals in favour of the insect.</p>
A common temperature dependence of nutritional demands in ectotherms
<p>In this dataset we show experimental results of the thermal dependencies of nutrient requirements of some aquatic ectotherms. We present the thermal response of the carbon:phosphorus threshold elemental ratio, growth, respiration, ingestion rate, gross growth efficiency of carbon and phosphorus.</p>
Nutritional stress exacerbates impact of a novel insecticide on solitary bees' behaviour, reproduction and survival
<p>Pesticide exposure<span> and food stress are major threats to bees, but their potential synergistic impacts under field-realistic conditions remain poorly understood and are not considered in current pesticide risk assessments. We conducted a semi-field experiment to examine the single and interactive effects of the novel insecticide flupyradifurone (FPF) and nutritional stress on fitness proxies in the solitary bee <em>Osmia bicornis</em>. Individually marked bees were released into flight cages with monocultures of either buckwheat, wild mustard or purple tansy, which were assigned to an insecticide treatment (FPF or control) in a crossed design. Nutritional stress, which was high in bees foraging on buckwheat, intermediate on wild mustard and low on purple tansy, modulated the impact of insecticide exposure. Within the first day after application of FPF, mortality of bees feeding on buckwheat was 29 times higher compared to control treatments, while mortality of FPF exposed and control bees was similar in the other two plant species. Moreover, we found negative synergistic impacts of FPF and nutritional stress on offspring production, flight activity, flight duration, and flower visitation frequency. These results reveal that environmental policies and risk assessment schemes that ignore interactions among anthropogenic stressors will fail to adequately protect bees and the pollination services they provide.</span></p>
Data from: The role of non-natural foods in the nutritional strategies of monkeys in a human-modified mosaic landscape
<p>Many tropical animals inhabit mosaic landscapes including human-modified habitat. In such landscapes, animals commonly adjust feeding behavior, and may incorporate non-natural foods. These behavioral shifts can influence consumers' nutritional states, with implications for population persistence. However, few studies have addressed the nutritional role of non-natural food. We examined nutritional ecology of wild blue monkeys to understand how dietary habits related to non-natural foods might support population persistence in a mosaic landscape. We documented prevalence and nutritional composition of non-natural foods in monkey diets to assess how habitat use influenced their consumption and their contribution to nutritional strategies. While most energy and macronutrients came from natural foods, subjects focused non-natural feeding activity on five exotic plants and averaged about a third of daily calories from non-natural foods. Most non-natural food calories came from non-structural carbohydrates and least from protein. Consumption of non-natural foods related to time in human-modified habitats, which two groups used non-randomly. Non-natural and natural foods were similar in nutrients, and the amount of non-natural food consumed drove variation in nutritional strategy. When more daily calories came from non-natural foods, females consumed a higher ratio of non-protein energy to protein (NPE:P). Females also prioritized protein while allowing NPE:P to vary, increasing NPE while capitalizing on non-natural foods. Overall, these tropical mammals achieved a similar nutrient balance regardless of their intake of non-natural foods. Forest and forest-adjacent areas with non-natural vegetation may provide adequate nutrient access for consumers, and thus contribute to wildlife conservation in mosaic tropical landscapes.</p>
Data from: Integrating isotopic and nutritional niches reveals multiple dimensions of individual diet specialisation in a marine apex predator
<ol> <li>Dietary specializations are important determinants of ecological structure, particularly in species with high per-capita trophic influence like marine apex predators. These species are, however, among the most challenging in which to establish spatiotemporally integrated diets.</li> <li>We introduce a novel integration of stable isotopes with a multidimensional nutritional niche framework that addresses the challenges of establishing spatiotemporally integrated nutritional niches in wild populations, and apply the framework to explore individual diet specialization in a marine apex predator, the white shark (<em>Carcharodon carcharias</em>).</li> <li>Sequential tooth files were sampled from juvenile white sharks to establish individual isotopic (δ-space; δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>15</sup>N, δ<sup>34</sup>S) niche specialization. Bayesian mixing models were then used to reveal individual-level prey (p-space) specialization, and further combined with nutritional geometry models to quantify the nutritional (N-space) dimensions of individual specialization and their relationships to prey use.</li> <li>Isotopic and mixing model analyses indicated juvenile white sharks as individual specialists within a broader, generalist, population niche. Individual sharks differed in their consumption of several important mesopredator species, which suggested among-individual variance in trophic roles in either pelagic or benthic food webs. However, variation in nutrient intakes was small and not consistently correlated with differences in prey use, suggesting white sharks as nutritional specialists and that individuals could use functionally and nutritionally different prey as complementary means to achieve a common nutritional goal.</li> <li>We identify how degrees of individual specialisation can differ between niche spaces (δ-, p- or N-space), the physiological and ecological implications of this, and argue that integrating nutrition can provide stronger, mechanistic links between diet specialisation and its intrinsic (fitness/performance) and extrinsic (ecological) outcomes. Our time-integrated framework is adaptable for examining the nutritional consequences and drivers of food use variation at the individual, population or species level.</li> </ol>
Overcoming nutritional immunity by engineering iron-scavenging bacteria for cancer therapy
<p>Certain bacteria demonstrate the ability to target and colonize the tumor microenvironment, a characteristic that positions them as innovative carriers for delivering various therapeutic agents in cancer therapy. Nevertheless, our understanding of how bacteria adapt their physiological condition to the tumor microenvironment remains elusive. In this work, we employed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to examine the proteome of <em>E. coli</em> colonized in murine tumors. Compared to <em>E. coli </em>cultivated in the rich medium, we found that <em>E. coli </em>colonized in tumors notably upregulated the processes related to ferric ions, including enterobactin biosynthesis and iron homeostasis. This finding indicated that the tumor is an iron-deficient environment to <em>E. coli</em>. We also found that the colonization of <em>E. coli </em>in the tumor led to an increased expression of lipocalin 2 (LCN2), a host protein that can sequester enterobactin. We therefore engineered <em>E. coli</em> to evade the nutritional immunity provided by LCN2. By introducing the IroA cluster, the <em>E. coli</em> synthesizes the glycosylated enterobactin, which creates steric hindrance to avoid the LCN2 sequestration. The IroA-<em>E. coli</em> showed enhanced resistance to LCN2 and significantly improved the anti-tumor activity in mice. Moreover, the mice were cured by the IroA-<em>E. coli </em>treatment became resistant to the tumor re-challenge, indicating the establishment of immunological memory. Overall, our study underscores the crucial role of bacteria's ability to acquire ferric ions within the tumor microenvironment for effective cancer therapy.</p>
Map 1 in Fisheries at the heart of a development issue in Mauritania: Small coastal pelagics between market logic and nutritional rationality
Map 1: Geographical areas of small pelagics fishing and landings
Fig 3 in Fisheries at the heart of a development issue in Mauritania: Small coastal pelagics between market logic and nutritional rationality
Fig 3: Contribution of small coastal pelagics to public finances
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.