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10,391 results for “oceans”
ECCO Iter22 Global Ocean State Estimate - 1 January 2004 to 30 April 2005
<p>Time series of global ocean temperature, salinity, and sound speed derived from the “Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean" (ECCO) program Iter22 state estimates. The sound speed fields were computed for simulation of acoustic propagation over basin scales or longer in a realistic oceanic environment. These estimates were computed in 2010 by the JPL-MIT-SIO ECCO program. <br>Original link: http://ecco2.jpl.nasa.gov/data9/cube/iter22/lat_lon/quart_80S_80N/THETA/ , now defunct.</p> <p>The solution is mesoscale permitting. The solution was obtained on a cube sphere grid between 80S and 80N with 18-km horizontal grid spacing and 50 vertical levels (Menemenlis et al., 2005, NASA supercomputer improves prospects for ocean <br>climate research, Eos Trans., AGU 86, 89, 95–96.). State estimates were averaged over a 3-day interval. File 003 is averaged over 2004/1/1 -- 2004/1/3. Three-day-mean temperature and salinity profiles from the iter22 solution were provided on 1/4 degree <br>grid for the period 1 January 2004 to 30 April 2005. There are 162 snapshots at 3-day intervals. </p> <p>Depths were decimated to the standard 33 depths of the World Ocean Atlas to 5500 m. YearDay 1 is 1 January 1992. The number of the filename indicates the yearday in 2004. In situ temperature was computed from model potential temperature. Sound speed was computed using the Del Grosso sound speed equation. Original model profiles descended only to the model sea floor. Temperature, salinity and sound speed were filled in on a uniform grid using nearest neighbor to 5500 m depth. Values on a regular grid make life easier. Product documented in Dushaw and Menemenlis, 2014, Antipodal acoustic thermometry: 1960, 2004, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 86, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.824 2013.12.008.</p> <p>Each snapshot is stored as a netcdf 4 file. Latitude, Longitude, Depth, and YearDay variables given separately in sspgrid.nc . <br>N.B.: Values in the files are stored as 32-bit or 16-bit integers to save disk space:</p> <p>Sound Speed: saved as "round( (c-1000)*1000 )", so to get actual c: c=1000. + double(c)/1000. <br>Sound speed is stored to 3 decimal places as a 32-bit integer.</p> <p>Temperature: saved as "round( (T-10)*1000 )", so to get actual T: T=10. + double(T)/1000. <br>Temperature is stored to 3 decimal places as a 16-bit integer. Note that abyssal temperature can sometimes be negative.</p> <p>Salinity: saved as "round( (S-10)*1000 )", so to get actual S: S=10. + double(S)/1000. <br>Salinity is stored to 3 decimal places as a 16-bit integer.</p> <p>Data directory also has two matlab routines: get_section.m and dist.m. get_section.m shows how to load the files, compute the physical variable from the stored value, and compute a section of ssp, T, or S. dist.m is a utility for computing geodesics; it relies on R. Pawlowitz's m_map package which can be downloaded freely from his University of Vancouver web page.</p> <p>$ md5sum *tgz <br>53ca3621f422b89c599c92fbab71d2fc S_ecco_iter22.tgz (2.99 GB)<br>a9e9109b6dae7355bf2fa0926d436d9a ssp_ecco_iter22.tgz (6.09 GB)<br>0cb8d1c2cdee4c7377353dff722ece34 T_ecco_iter22.tgz (4.33 GB)</p>
Dataset for Clock drift corrections for large aperture ocean bottom seismometer arrays: application to the UPFLOW array in the mid-Atlantic Ocean
<p>Dataset from Clock drift corrections for large aperture ocean bottom seismometer arrays: application to the UPFLOW array in the mid-Atlantic Ocean DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggae354.</p> <p>This dataset includes the clock drift polynoms refered to jthe deployment date (jul day from 2022) and consecutive days up to the recovery date. Two types of formats.</p> <ol> <li>Txt files</li> <li>Python Pickle files with a Dictionary containing the NumPY polynom1D and additional information.</li> </ol>
Marine heatwaves statistics for the tropical western and central Pacific Ocean
<p>Processed marine heatwave metrics are provided for the tropical western and central Pacific Ocean region (120°E-140°W, 40°S-15°N). The metrics are computed from daily sea surface temperature (SST) data, from both observations and models. The observed marine heatwave data are calculated from NOAA 0.25° daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (OISST) over the period 1982-2019. The modelled marine heatwave data are from analysis of 18 model simulations as part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) over the period 1982-2100, where two future scenarios have been analysed. Marine heatwaves are computed with respect to the 1995-2014 climatology. The marine heatwave data are provided on a grid point basis across the domain. Marine heatwave timeseries metrics are also provided for three case study regions: Fiji, Samoa, and Palau.</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group M2.1 Epipelagic ocean waters
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>M2.1 Epipelagic ocean waters</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Ensemble of ice shelf basal melt rates and ocean properties for tipped-over continental shelves
<p><strong>Summary</strong><strong>:</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains the reference and tipped states from several model configurations developed at the <a href="https://www.awi.de/en/">Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI)</a> and the <a href="https://www.ige-grenoble.fr/?lang=en">Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE)</a>. They were gathered here in the context of the <a href="https://www.tipaccs.eu">TiPACCs European project</a> and constitute a useful ensemble of reference and tipped ocean–ice-shelf simulations that <strong>can be used to feed ice-sheet simulations or to train melt parameterizations</strong>.</p> <p>The simulations produced by AWI are based on the <a href="https://fesom.de">FESOM</a> global ocean–sea-ice model using either Z- or Sigma- coordinates and all show a cold-to-warm tipping point for Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. The two sets of simulations produced by IGE are based on the <a href="https://www.nemo-ocean.eu">NEMO</a> ocean–sea-ice model. They include a global configuration showing a cold-to-warm tipping point for Ross Ice Shelf, and regional Amundsen Sea configuration showing a warm-to-warmer transition (likely not a proper tipping point). </p> <p>The files include 3-dimensional and sea-floor ocean temperatures and salinities, ice-shelf melt rates, as well as topographic and grid data. All variables are interpolated onto the common 8km stereographic grid that was used to provide ocean forcing in ISMIP6 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2331-2020">Nowicki et al. 2020</a>).</p> <p>We provide the reference state and the anomaly, so that the tipped state is:</p> <ul> <li><em>Tipped = Reference + Anomaly</em></li> </ul> <p>To have an overview of the reference and tipped states, have a look at these figures:</p> <ul> <li><em>figure_ref_and_anomalies_1.pdf</em></li> <li> <p><em>figure_ref_and_anomalies_2.pdf</em></p> </li> <li> <p><em>figure_seafloor_temp_zooms.pdf</em></p> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>_______________________________________________</p> <p><strong>Detailed Data Description</strong><strong>:</strong></p> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>reference_high_FESOM_sigma_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>contact: Ralph Timmermann <a href="mailto:ralph.timmermann@awi.de">ralph.timmermann@awi.de</a>, Verena Haid <a href="mailto:verena.haid@awi.de">verena.haid@awi.de</a></li> <li>model: FESOM1.4, sigma-coordinates (global with refined grid around Antarctica)</li> <li>atmospheric forcing: HadCM3 20C</li> <li>provided average: 1990-1999 (10-year mean)</li> <li>more: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-013-0642-0">Timmermann and Hellmer (2013)</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>reference_low_FESOM_sigma_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>contact: Ralph Timmermann <a href="mailto:ralph.timmermann@awi.de">ralph.timmermann@awi.de</a>, Verena Haid <a href="mailto:verena.haid@awi.de">verena.haid@awi.de</a></li> <li>model: FESOM1.4, sigma-coordinates (global with refined grid around Antarctica)</li> <li>atmospheric forcing: HadCM3 20C</li> <li>provided average: 1990-1999 (10-year mean)</li> <li>more: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-765-2017">Timmermann and Goeller (2017)</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>reference_FESOM_z_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>contact: Verena Haid <a href="mailto:verena.haid@awi.de">verena.haid@awi.de</a></li> <li>model: FESOM1.4, Z-coordinates (global with refined grid around Antarctica)</li> <li>atmospheric forcing: ERA Interim</li> <li>provided average: 2008-2017 (10-year mean), i.e. model year 30-39</li> <li>more: same mesh as <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-2317-2019">Gürses et al. (2019)</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>reference_NEMO4_eORCA025.L121_IGE_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>contact: Pierre Mathiot <a href="mailto:pierre.mathiot@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr">pierre.mathiot@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr</a></li> <li>model: NEMO-4.0, eORCA025.L121 (Global, 1/4°, 121 vertical levels)</li> <li>atmospheric forcing: JRA55do</li> <li>provided average: 2<sup>nd</sup> cycle of 1989-1998 (10-year mean); we first run 1979-2018, and we redo 1979-1998 starting from the 2018 state.</li> <li>more: <a href="https://pmathiot.github.io/NEMOCFG/docs/build/html/simu_eORCA025_OPM021.html">https://pmathiot.github.io/NEMOCFG/docs/build/html/simu_eORCA025_OPM021.html</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>reference_NEMO3_AMUXL12.L75_IGE_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>contact: Nicolas Jourdain <a href="mailto:nicolas.jourdain@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr">nicolas.jourdain@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr</a></li> <li>model: NEMO-3.6, AMUXL12.L75 (Amundsen, 1/12°, 75 vertical levels)</li> <li>atmospheric forcing: MAR (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-229-2020">Donat-Magnin et al. 2020</a>)</li> <li>provided average: 1989-2009 (21-year mean)</li> <li>more: similar model set-up as <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2018.11.001">Jourdain et al. (2019)</a>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>anomaly_high_FESOM_sigma_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>continuation of reference_high_FESOM_sigma_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</li> <li>forced with HadCM3 A1B</li> <li>provided average: 2190-2199 (10-year mean)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>anomaly_low_FESOM_sigma_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>continuation of reference_low_FESOM_sigma_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</li> <li>forced with HadCM3 A1B</li> <li>provided average: 2190-2199 (10-year mean)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>anomaly_high_FESOM_z_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>same model set-up as reference_FESOM_z_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</li> <li>atmospheric forcing south of 60°S HadCM3 A1B starting 2050, otherwise ERA Interim starting 1979</li> <li>provided average: model year 69-78 (10-year mean), i.e. 2008-2017 of 2<sup>nd</sup> 39yr-cycle</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>anomaly_medium_FESOM_z_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>same model set-up as reference_FESOM_z_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</li> <li>atmospheric forcing: ERA Interim modified with a strong imprint of the seasonal cycle of HadCM3 A1B 2070-2089</li> <li>provided average: model year 69-78 (10-year mean), i.e. 2008-2017 of 2<sup>nd</sup> 39yr-cycle</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>anomaly_low_FESOM_z_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>same model set-up as reference_FESOM_z_AWI_TiPACCs.nc</li> <li>atmospheric forcing: manipulated ERA Interim with prolongued summer and shorter, milder winter south of 50°S, additional modification of winds in Weddell Sea region</li> <li>provided average: model year 108-117 (10-year mean), i.e. 2008-2017 of 3<sup>rd</sup> 39yr-cycle</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>anomaly_NEMO4_eORCA025.L121_IGE_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>similar to reference_NEMO4_eORCA025.L121_IGE_TiPACCs.nc</li> <li>perturbation of the model parameters: Different iceberg distribution and different sea-ice–ocean drag and snow conductivity on sea-ice, leading to less sea-ice production in the eastern Ross Sea.</li> <li>More: <a href="https://pmathiot.github.io/NEMOCFG/docs/build/html/simu_eORCA025_OPM020.html">https://pmathiot.github.io/NEMOCFG/docs/build/html/simu_eORCA025_OPM020.html</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li><strong>anomaly_NEMO3_AMUXL12.L75_IGE_TiPACCs.nc</strong> <ul> <li>similar to reference_NEMO3_AMUXL12.L75_IGE_TiPACCs.nc</li> <li>perturbation of atmospheric forcing: MAR forced by the CMIP5 multi-model anomaly under the RCP8.5 scenario (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-571-2021">Donat-Magnin et al. 2021</a>).</li> <li>provided average: 2080-2100 (21-year average)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group M2.3 Bathypelagic ocean waters
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>M2.3 Bathypelagic ocean waters</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group M2.2 Mesopelagic ocean water
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>M2.2 Mesopelagic ocean water</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group M2.4 Abyssopelagic ocean waters
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>M2.4 Abyssopelagic ocean waters</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T2.3 Oceanic cool temperate rainforests
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T2.3 Oceanic cool temperate rainforests</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Dataset for the adjustment of a wave forecasting system for the deep waters of the South Atlantic Ocean and for the southern coast of Brazil: Numerical Wave Experiment in the South of Brazil (NWESB).
<p>This dataset corresponds to the input files of the test domains used for the simulations of the coupled GFS (Global Forecast System) and WAVEWATCH III models in the waters of the South Atlantic Ocean and in waters of the Brazilian Southeastern during the passage of a cold front and the presence of strong pressure gradient between a low-pressure system and a high-pressure system. In the files generated by WAVEWATCH III, wave fields are presented from 2016-03-25 14:00:00, which is the date from when the model it stabilizes. Also contained in this dataset are the files of the GFS model wind fields, the bathymetry files (eTOPO1) and the files of the bathymetry entries in WAVEWATCH III.</p> <p>All files with suffix 2 correspond to the geographic region 70°W to 4°W longitude and 55°S to 13°S latitude and all files with suffix 3 correspond to the geographic region 70°W at 20°W longitude and 55°S at 13°S latitude.</p> <p><strong>ww3-2.inp</strong> and <strong>Bathymetry2.ascii</strong> are the input configuration files for WAVEWATCH III bathymetry and bathymetry (in ASCII format) respectively for the WW3-2 domain. <strong>gfs-2.nc</strong> is the input file of the winds obtained from the outputs of the GFS model (in NetCDF format) for the WW3-2 domain. <strong>ww3-2.nc</strong> is the WAVEWATCH III model output file with the simulated waves for the WW3-2 domain.</p> <p><strong>ww3-3.inp</strong> and <strong>Bathymetry3.ascii</strong> are the input configuration files for WAVEWATCH III bathymetry and bathymetry (in ASCII format) respectively for the WW3-3 domain. <strong>gfs-3.nc</strong> is the input file of the winds obtained from the outputs of the GFS model (in NetCDF format) for the WW3-3 domain. <strong>ww3-3.nc</strong> is the WAVEWATCH III model output file with the simulated waves for the WW3-3 domain.</p> <p>The GFS model files contain data every 6 hours and the WAVEWATCH III model files contain data every 1 hour. All files have a spatial resolution of 0.25° (27.78 km).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Other data that complement this dataset:</strong></p> <p><strong><a href="https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Complementary_figures_of_Parameter_adjustments_of_the_GFS_WAVEWATCH_III_coupled_models_in_Southern_Brazil/16726375"><em>Complementary figures of Parameter adjustments of the GFS – WAVEWATCH III coupled models in Southern Brazil.</em></a></strong></p> <p><em><strong><a href="https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Dataset_for_the_adjustment_of_a_wave_forecasting_system_for_the_deep_waters_of_the_South_Atlantic_Ocean_and_for_the_southern_coast_of_Brazil_Output_files_in_GrADS_format_/16767058">Dataset for the adjustment of a wave forecasting system for the deep waters of the South Atlantic Ocean and for the southern coast of Brazil (Output files in GrADS format).</a></strong></em></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Stable isotope ratios of C, N and S in Southern Ocean sea stars (1985-2017)
<p>Sea stars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) are a key component of Southern Ocean benthos, with 16% of the known sea star species living there. In temperate marine environments, sea stars commonly play an important role in food webs, acting as keystone species. However, trophic ecology and functional role of Southern Ocean sea stars are still poorly known, notably due to the scarcity of large-scale studies. Here, we report 24332 trophic marker (stable isotopes and elemental contents of C, N and S of tegument and/or tube feet) and biometric (arm length, disk radius, arm to disk ratio) measurements in 2456 specimens of sea stars. Samples were collected between 12/01/1985 and 08/10/2017 in numerous locations along the Antarctic littoral and Subantarctic islands. The spatial scope of the dataset covers a significant portion of the Southern Ocean (Latitude: 47.717° South to 86.273° South ; longitude: 127.767° West to 162.201° East ; depth: 6 to 5338 m). The dataset contains 133 distinct taxa, including 72 currently accepted species spanning 51 genera, 20 families and multiple feeding guilds / functional groups (suspension feeders, sediment feeders, omnivores, predators of mobile or sessile prey). For 505 specimens, mitochondrial CO1 genes were sequenced to confirm and/or refine taxonomic identifications, and those sequences are already publicly available through the Barcode of Life Data System. This number will grow in the future, as molecular analyses are still in progress. Overall, thanks to its large taxonomic, spatial, and temporal extent, as well as its integrative nature (combining genetic, morphological and ecological data), this dataset can be of wide interest to Southern Ocean ecologists, invertebrate zoologists, benthic ecologists, and environmental managers dealing with associated areas.</p>
Global Carbon Budget 2022, surface ocean fugactiy of CO2 (fCO2) and air-sea CO2 flux of individual Global ocean biogechemical models and surface ocean fCO2-based data-products
<p><strong>Surface ocean fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) and air-sea CO2 flux data from individual Global Ocean Biogeochemistry Models (GOBMs) and surface ocean fCO2-based data-products (data-products).</strong><br> There are three types of files: (1) one file per fCO2-product with gridded fields and regionally-integrated CO2 flux time-series, (2) one file per GOBM with gridded fields, and (3) one file with the regionally-integrated time-series for the GOBMs. </p> <p><strong>Note: </strong>These provided gridded outputs from fCO2-based data-products and GOBMs are regridded datasets, without adjustments. <strong>The best estimates of the annual global ocean carbon sink, based on the native grids of data-products and GOBMs and with the adjustments described in the Global Carbon Budget 2022 (https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022, section C3), are available in the Global Carbon Budget 2022 spreadsheet.</strong></p> <p>The regionally-integrated time-series are as provided by the contributing groups, i.e. integrated from their native grids. In order to reproduce Figure 13 of the Global Carbon Budget 2022 paper (https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022), the river flux adjustment needs to be added to the CO2 flux estimated from the data-products (North: 0.17 GtC yr-1, Tropics: 0.16 GtC yr-1, South: 0.32 GtC yr-1, see GCB 2022 paper, section 2.4.1). The sum of the regional fluxes may differ from the global estimates as reported in the GCB spreadsheet, because adjustments were applied only for global fluxes.</p> <p><strong>What is in the files?</strong></p> <p>(1) The files for the fCO2-based data-products contain the following variables (temporal resolution: monthly):</p> <p><br> fgco2_reg: Regionally integrated air-sea CO2 flux (positive downward), monthly, for regions: north, tropics, south<br> fgco2: Flux density of the total air-sea CO2 flux (positive downward), dimensions: time, latitude, longitude<br> sfco2: Surface ocean fCO2, dimensions: time, latitude, longitude<br> area: Area per pixel, dimensions: latitude, longitude<br> area_reg: Total surface ocean area covered by native grid, for global, north, tropics, south</p> <p>(2) The files for the GOBMs contain the following fields, for simulation A (‘contemporary simulation’, including effects of rising CO2, climate change and variability) and simulation B (‘control simulation’, constant CO2, no climate change and variability). Temporal resolution: monthly</p> <p>fgco2: Flux density of the total air-sea CO2 flux (positive downward), dimensions: time, latitude, longitude<br> sfco2: Surface ocean fCO2, dimensions: time, latitude, longitude<br> area: Area per pixel, dimensions: latitude, longitude</p> <p><br> (3) One file ‘GCB-2022_OceanModel_RegionalBreakdown_1959-2021.nc’ with the regionally-integrated CO2 flux time-series for all individual GOBMs, and for simulations A and B. Temporal resolution: annual.</p> <p><br> <strong>Fair data use statement:</strong><br> The data and model output provided on this site are freely available and were furnished by individual scientists who encourage their use.<br> <strong>Citation:</strong> Please cite the Global Carbon Budget 2022 (Friedlingstein et al., 2022, ESSD, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022) for all data. In addition, please also cite the corresponding original reference for each dataset that has been used - see Table 4 in Global Carbon Budget 2022 for references of all the individual Global Ocean Biogeochemical Models and fCO2-based data-products. Further, for an overview of the Global Ocean Biogeochemical Model output, you may find it useful to cite Hauck et al. (2020, Frontiers, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.571720).<br> <strong>Acknowledgement:</strong> Please add the following text in the acknowledgement of your paper: “We acknowledge the Global Carbon Project, which is responsible for the Global Carbon Budget and we thank the ocean modeling and fCO2-mapping groups for producing and making available their model and fCO2-product output.”<br> <strong>Co-authorship: </strong>An invitation of co-authorship to the contributing groups is encouraged if these data are the central data set of the publication.</p> <p><br> Besides the surface fCO2 and air-sea CO2 flux data that is made available open access, we make<strong> additional output</strong> from the Global Ocean Biogeochemical models (GCB-ocean) available upon request and with its own data policy. Please refer to the Global Carbon Budget website for these additional data: https://globalcarbonbudget.org/</p> <p> </p>
BGQNAPv1.0: A summer macronutrients binned data set for the Northern Antarctic Peninsula, Southern Ocean
<p>We compiled a time series spanning the period from 1996 to 2019 of the seawater hydrographic variables conservative temperature (<sup>o</sup>C), absolute salinity (g kg<sup>­–1</sup>) and dissolved oxygen (μmol kg<sup>­–1</sup>), and the macronutrients DIN (nitrate + nitrite + ammonium), phosphate, and silicic acid (μmol kg<sup>­–1</sup>). The study area covered the northern Antarctic Peninsula regions including the Gerlache Strait and the western, central, and eastern basins of Bransfield Strait. Most data (~90%) were obtained from the Brazilian High Latitude Oceanography Group (GOAL; http://goal.furg.br/) from austral summer field campaigns (January-March). In some years (1996, 2005, 2006, 2010, 2011) we used hydrographic and macronutrient data from GLODAP 2020 (Olsen et al., 2020) along the NAP and exceptionally for 1996 we used data available from December 1995 to February 1996 (the FRUELA cruises, García et al., 2022; Álvarez et al., 2002). Details on the sampling and analysis of macronutrient data obtained from GLODAP dataset can be accessed on the OCADS platform (<a href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system-portal/">https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system-portal/</a>).</p> <p>About 97% of the DIN data were composed of nitrate, followed by ammonium (2%) and nitrite (1%). Therefore, in some cases (11% of all data), we considered DIN as the nitrate concentration, when no nitrite and/or ammonium data were available. Discrete seawater samples were collected at irregular depth intervals from surface (5 m) to deep waters (at approximately 15 m from the bottom). We averaged the parameters for each region at regular depth intervals from the surface to the bottom (i.e., 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 1750, 2000, 2500 m) to obtain an averaged summer profile for each year.</p> <p>All sampling and analyses information of the hydrographic and macronutrients are detailed in Kerr et al. (2018), Mata et al. (2018), Dotto et al. (2021) and Costa et al. (2020), and references therein.</p>
SO-WISE South Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean Observational Constraints
<p>This dataset contains an initial set of curated and processed oceanographic observations collected as part of a joint effort between the EU SO-CHIC project and a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship. It is partly intended to be used as a set of observational constraints for a Weddell Gyre region state estimate, although it can be used for more general analysis purposes as well. It has been used as part of an unsupervised clustering analysis [see Jones (2022) for software and Jones and Zhou (2022) for labelled dataset, see references]. </p> <p><strong>Overall spatial and temporal coverage</strong></p> <ul> <li>Latitude: 85°S-30°S</li> <li>Longitude: 65°W-80°E</li> <li>Time: 1974-2020</li> </ul> <p><strong>Contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>CPOM_SSH: sea-ice corrected sea surface height </li> <li>CTD: temperature and salinity profiles from ship-based CTD casts </li> <li>FLOATS: temperature and salinity profiles from Argo floats </li> <li>SEALS: temperature and salinity profiles from seal-mounted profilers</li> <li>Stress_and_EKE: sea-ice corrected surface stress and EKE </li> <li>XBT: temperature and salinity profiles from expendable bathythermographs (XBTs)</li> </ul> <p><strong>Profile quality control</strong></p> <p>We only consider profiles with good position and time flags, as well as good temperature, salinity, and pressure measurements with good flags. Duplicated profiles are identified when multiple profiles are found within 24 hours over the same 2 km x 2 km grid cell, and only one profile within the spatio-temporal window is used. We then used the MITprof toolbox (Forget, G., 2017) to pre-process the selected profiles, re-gridding them onto 72 standard pressure levels; the vertical interval varies from 20 dbar at the surface to 100 dbar in the deep ocean. </p> <p><strong>SSH processing</strong></p> <p>SSH data is sea-ice corrected version provided by the Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling (CPOM) in the UK. It is composed by two satellite missions, Envisat (2004/05-2012/03) and Cryosat-2 (2010/07-2020/04). The data is available in montly along-track format. A gaussian 300km filter, ±3 std outliner removal and 0.5x0.25 deg interpolation is applied to grid the data. Intersatellite offset is removed using the overlapped period between two missions using the mean difference map. SSH is referenced to EIGEN6C4 geoid to obtain the dynamic ocean topography feild for the computation of geostrophic velocity. See the README in the Stress_and_EKE directory for more information. </p> <p><strong>Sources</strong></p> <ul> <li>Argo floats: <a href="http://argo.ucsd.edu">http://argo.ucsd.edu</a></li> <li>World Ocean Database: <a href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/world-ocean-database">https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/world-ocean-database</a></li> <li>MEOP-CTD Database (seal profilers): <a href="https://www.meop.net/">https://www.meop.net/</a></li> <li>CDRv4 available via NSIDC: <a href="https://nsidc.org/data/G02202">https://nsidc.org/data/G02202</a></li> <li>Polar Pathfinder sea ice drift data via NSIDC: <a href="https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0116">https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0116</a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Version</strong></p> <p>This is a pre-production version, in that it has not yet been used with a state estimate. </p>
Dataset generated to evaluate in situ sampling strategies to reconstruct fine-scale ocean currents in the context of SWOT satellite mission (H2020 EuroSea project)
<p><strong>Dataset generated in Subtask 2.3.1 of the H2020 EuroSea project.</strong></p> <ul> <li> <p><em>H2020 EuroSea project:</em><br> The H2020 EuroSea project aims at improving and integrating the European Ocean Observing and Forecasting System (see official website: <a href="https://eurosea.eu/">https://eurosea.eu/</a>). It has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 862626).</p> </li> <li> <p><em>Task 2.3:</em><br> Task 2.3 has the objective to improve the design of multi-platform experiments aimed to validate the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite observations with the goal to optimize the utility of these observing platforms. Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) have been conducted to evaluate different configurations of the in situ observing system, including rosette and underway CTD, gliders, conventional satellite nadir altimetry and velocities from drifters. High-resolution models have been used to simulate the observations and to represent the “ocean truth”. Several methods of reconstruction have been tested: spatio-temporal optimal interpolation, machine-learning techniques, model data assimilation and the MIOST tool. The planned OSSEs are detailed in this public report <a href="https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d2.1">Barceló-Llull et al. (2020)</a> and the complete analysis is available here <a href="https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d2.3">Barceló-Llull et al. (2022)</a>. Contributors to Task 2.3 are CSIC (Spain), CLS (France), SOCIB (Spain), IMT-Atlantique (France) and Ocean-Next (France).</p> </li> <li> <p><em>Subtask 2.3.1:</em><br> Subtask 2.3.1 aims to evaluate different in situ sampling strategies to reconstruct fine-scale ocean currents (~20 km) in the context of SWOT. An advanced version of the classic optimal interpolation used in field experiments, which considers the spatial and temporal variability of the observations, has been applied to reconstruct different configurations with the objective to evaluate the best sampling strategy to validate SWOT.</p> </li> <li> <p><em>Where?</em><br> The analysis focuses on two regions of interest: (i) the western Mediterranean Sea and (ii) the Subpolar North West Atlantic. In the western Mediterranean Sea, the target area is located within a swath of SWOT, while in the North West Atlantic the region of study includes a crossover of SWOT during the fast-sampling phase.</p> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Report with the full analysis</strong></p> <p>The complete analysis can be found in this report: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d2.3">Barceló-Llull et al. (2022)</a>.</p> <p><strong>Codes for the analysis</strong></p> <p>The codes generated to develop Subtask 2.3.1 can be found on GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/bbarcelollull/EuroSea_subTask_2.3.1">https://github.com/bbarcelollull/EuroSea_subTask_2.3.1</a></p> <p><strong>The dataset</strong></p> <p>The dataset includes:</p> <p>1) Model outputs used to simulate the observations in different configurations in both regions of study. The folder "2D_model_outputs" contains 2D data used to simulate SSH observations for the analysis of the temporal correlation scale (<a href="https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d2.3">Barceló-Llull et al., 2022</a>, p. 28-42). The folder "3D_model_outputs" contains 3D model outputs used to simulate observations of temperature and salinity. Note that eNATL60 outputs have been interpolated onto a new regular grid. </p> <p>2) Simulated configurations (or sampling strategies) in each region (PKL file format).</p> <p>3) Observations simulated in each configuration in both regions of study. The observations simulated are temperature and salinity. ADCP horizontal velocities are also simulated, however for eNATL60 they will be corrected in the future to account for the rotated original axes. File format: region_configuration_period_model.nc. The folder "SSH" includes the simulated SSH observations for the analysis of the temporal correlation scale (<a href="https://doi.org/10.3289/eurosea_d2.3">Barceló-Llull et al., 2022</a>, p. 28-42).</p> <p>4) Reconstructed fields with the spatio-temporal optimal interpolation. File format: region_configuration_period_model_stOI_Lx_Lt_cd_YYYYMMDDhhmm_var.nc (stOI = spatio-temporal optimal interpolation, Lx = spatial correlation scale, Lt = temporal correlation scale, cd = map on the central date of the sampling, YYYYMMDDhhmm = date and time of the map, var = variable interpolated (temperature and salinity) or the derived variables (dynamic height, geostrophic velocities and the Rossby number)).</p> <p>5) Compared fields (ocean truth from model outputs vs. reconstructed fields) for each region and model (PKL file format).</p> <p> </p>
Replication Data for: "Ocean acidification increases susceptibility to sub-zero air temperatures in ecosystem engineers and limit poleward range shifts"
<p>These datasets contain all the raw data needed to replicate the results from our paper <em>Ocean acidification increases susceptibility to sub-zero air temperatures in ecosystem engineers and limit poleward range shifts</em> published in eLife - <a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.81080">https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.81080</a></p>
Dataset for manuscript "Thermal infrared dust optical depth and coarse-mode effective diameter over oceans retrieved from collocated MODIS and CALIOP observations"
<p>This is the long-term satellite retrieval dataset of dust aerosol optical depth at 10 μm (DAOD<sub>10μm</sub>) and dust coarse mode effective diameter (D<sub>eff</sub>) based on collocated MODIS and CALIOP observations from July 2006 to August 2018. The full description is in the manuscript "<strong>Thermal infrared dust optical depth and coarse-mode effective diameter over oceans retrieved from collocated MODIS and CALIOP observations" </strong>by Zheng, Jianyu, et al. The readme file for the data is in "readme_dust_aod_size_product.txt". The variable list of Level-2 data is in "variable_list_L2.txt". The variable list of Level-3 data is in "variable_list_L3.txt".</p>
MITgcm Dataset for paper: Sensitivity analysis of a data-driven model of ocean temperature
<p>MITgcm dataset used in paper, Sensitivity analysis of a data-driven model of ocean temperature, made available here. The dataset comes from running a sector config of the MITgcm model, briefly described in the paper. This dataset is used to train the regression model described in the paper.</p> <p>Updated to include ncra_cat_tave.nc file which was accidentally missed on first version.</p>
Accessible Oceans: Auditory Display. Zooplankton Daily Vertical Migration Gets Eclipsed!
<p>The nine tracks make up an auditory display of the daily vertical migration of zooplankton off the coast of Oregon. The tracks in the auditory display are comprised of data sonifications and contextual audio supports (dialogue, auditory icons, and music). You may <a href="https://samply.app/p/92HixRBFY6YEyUgjzO1Y">listen online here</a>.</p> <p>The ocean data comes from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) and the display is based on the <a href="https://datalab.marine.rutgers.edu/ooi-nuggets/zooplankton-eclipse/">OOI Nugget</a> developed by Dr. Leslie Smith and Dr. Lori Garzio. Please note that there is no track 1B in this version. We removed track 1B in order to reduce redundancy in the display. </p> <p>The “Accessible Oceans” AISL Pilots and Feasibility study aims to inclusively design auditory displays that support the perception and understanding of ocean data in informal learning environments (ILEs). More can be found on the project website: <a href="https://accessibleoceans.whoi.edu/">https://accessibleoceans.whoi.edu/</a></p>
Accessible Oceans: Auditory Display. Longterm Axial Seamount Inflation Record
<p>The thirteen tracks make up an auditory display of the Longterm Axial Seamount Inflation Record. The tracks in the auditory display are comprised of data sonifications and contextual audio supports (dialogue, auditory icons, and music). You may <a href="https://samply.app/p/MViV0dJLZjJpFXEHN8EA">listen online here</a>.</p> <p>The display leverages data from NOAA PMEL that extend the record of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) data back to 1997. This audio display focuses on the long-term pattern observed by bottom pressure recorders where the seafloor inflates (lifts), then an eruption event occurs, and the seafloor drops.</p> <p>The “Accessible Oceans” AISL Pilots and Feasibility study aims to inclusively design auditory displays that support the perception and understanding of ocean data in informal learning environments (ILEs). More can be found on the project website: <a href="https://accessibleoceans.whoi.edu/">https://accessibleoceans.whoi.edu/</a></p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.