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146 results for “orbweaver”

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zenodo28/100

Figure 25 in The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers

Figure 25. Mysmena bizi sp. n. from Chang Yan He, SEM. A-E, male; F, female. A, spinnerets; B, PLS; C, PMS; D, PLS, arrow indicates modified PLS seta; E, epiandrous gland spigots; F, epigynum. AC: aciniform gland spigot; AGn: aggregate gland spigot nubbin; ALS: anterior lateral spinneret; FLn: flagelliform gland spigot nubbin; MAP: major ampullate gland spigot; mAP: minor ampullate gland spigot; PI: piriform gland spigot; PLS: posterior lateral spinneret; PMS: posterior median spinneret; t: tartipore; arrow indicates modified PLS seta.

opencc-by-4.0May 2009View details →
zenodo28/100

Figure 22 in The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers

Figure 22. Mysmena bizi sp. n. from Chang Yan He. A, male; B-E, female. A, B, lateral; C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, posterior.

opencc-by-4.0May 2009View details →
zenodo28/100

Figure 2 in The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers

Figure 2. Epeirotypus dalong sp. n. holotype from Fugong Co., male palp. A, prolateral; B, retrolateral; C, ventral. C: conductor; MA: median apophysis; PC: paracymbium; ST: subtegulum; T: tegulum; arrow in C indicates field of tubercles on mesal lobe of tegulum.

opencc-by-4.0May 2009View details →
zenodo28/100

Figure 20 in The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers

Figure 20. Webs of mysmenid spiders. A, Mysmena changouzi sp. n. from Danzhu He drainage, female; B-D, Simaoa kavanaugh sp. n. from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve, female; E, Simaoa kavanaugh sp. n. from Nankang Yakou, female; F, Simaoa yaojia sp. n. from Yaojiaping, male and female.

opencc-by-4.0May 2009View details →
zenodo28/100

Figure 3. A, B in The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers

Figure 3. A, B, Epeirotypus dalong sp. n. from Fugong Co.; C, D, Ogulnius barbandrewsi sp. n.; C from Guocai He at Fucai; D from No. 12 Bridge Camp area; E, Baalzebub nemesis sp. n. from No. 12 Bridge Camp area; F, G, Theridiosoma diwang sp. n. from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve; H, I, Theridiosoma shuangbi sp. n. from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve. A, C, E, F, H, epigynum, ventral view; B, epigynum, posterior view; D, G, I, cleared vulva, dorsal view. CD: copulatory duct; S: spermatheca; arrow in A indicates transverse submarginal groove; in G and I indicate lateral pits, in H indicates base of one of two opposing lateral apophyses.

opencc-by-4.0May 2009View details →
zenodo28/100

Figure 6 in The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers

Figure 6. Ogulnius barbandrewsi sp. n. from Guocai He at Fucai, SEM of female. A, epigynum; B, ALS; C, PMS; D, PLS. AC: aciniform gland spigot; AG: aggregate gland spigot; CY: cylindrical gland spigot; FL: flagelliform gland spigot; MAP: major ampullate gland spigot; mAP: minor ampullate gland spigot; n: nubbin; PI: piriform gland spigot, t: tartipore.

opencc-by-4.0May 2009View details →
zenodo28/100

Figure 9 in The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers

Figure 9. Theridiosoma diwang sp. n. from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve, SEM of female. A, epigynum; B, epigynum, detail showing lateral pore; C, spinnerets; D, ALS; E, PMS; F, PLS. AC: aciniform gland spigot; AG: aggregate gland spigot; CY: cylindrical gland spigot; FL: flagelliform gland spigot; MAP: major ampullate gland spigot; mAP: minor ampullate gland spigot; n: nubbin; PI: piriform gland spigot, PLS: posterior lateral spinneret, PMS: posterior median spinneret, t: tartipore.

opencc-by-4.0May 2009View details →
zenodo28/100

Figure 86. A-C in The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers

Figure 86. A-C, Crassignatha yamu sp. n. from Yamu He; D-F, Crassignatha ertou sp. n. from Zaotang He. A, D, female, lateral; B, E, female, dorsal; C, F, female, ventral.

opencc-by-4.0May 2009View details →
zenodo28/100

Figure 12 in The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers

Figure 12. Wendilgarda muji sp. n. from Xiao Hei Shan Nature Reserve. A-D, habitus; E-G, male palp. A, male, lateral; B, female, lateral; C, female, dorsal; D, female, ventral; E, prolateral; F, retrolateral; G, ventral. C: conductor; EA: embolic apophysis; MA: median apophysis; T: tegulum.

opencc-by-4.0May 2009View details →
zenodo28/100

Figure 1 in The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers

Figure 1. Diversity estimation based on micro-orbweavers collected in the Gaoligongshan during this study. A, Species richness estimation curves for all specimens; S observed is the raw number of observed species; Chao 1 and ACE are abundance based estimators driven by the number of individuals for each species across the entire date set (e.g., singletons and doubletons); Chao 2, ICE, and Jackknife 2 are incidence based estimators driven by the number of 1 km grid squares each species occurs in (e.g., uniques, duplicates); ACE = abundance based coverage estimator; ICE = incidence based coverage estimator; Jackknife 2 = second order jackknife (see also Colwell and Coddington 1994). B, Map of study area showing four core areas where sampling effort was concentrated; gray line demarcates China-Burma (Myanmar) border, inset map shows study area. C, Chao-SØrensen index for pairwise comparisons between core areas; purple: Heipu; blue: Shibali; orange: Fengxue; red: Nankang. The similarity of each core area to itself is considered to be 1.

opencc-by-4.0May 2009View details →
zenodo28/100

Figure 19 in The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers

Figure 19. Mysmena changouzi sp. n. from No. 12 Bridge Camp area, SEM of spinnerets. A, female spinnerets; B, female ALS; C, female PMS; D, female PLS; E, male PMS; F, male PLS. AC: aciniform gland spigot; AG: aggregate gland spigot; AGn: aggregate gland spigot nubbin; ALS: anterior lateral spinneret; CY: cylindrical gland spigot; FL: flagelliform gland spigot; FLn: flagelliform gland spigot nubbin; MAP: major ampullate gland spigot; mAP: minor ampullate gland spigot; n: nubbin; PI: piriform gland spigot; PLS: posterior lateral spinneret; PMS: posterior median spinneret; t: tartipore; arrow indicates modified PLS seta.

opencc-by-4.0May 2009View details →
zenodo28/100

Figure 51 in The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers

Figure 51. Chanea suukyii sp. n. from Maku ridge, SEM of male. A, B, palp, expanded, retrolateral; C, metatarsus I; D, epiandrous gland spigots. BH: basal hematodocha; CB: cymbium; E: embolus.

opencc-by-4.0May 2009View details →
zenodo28/100

Figure 15. A-E in The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers

Figure 15. A-E, Mysmena changouzi sp. n. from No. 12 Bridge Camp area; F-H, Mysmena jinlong sp. n. from Danzhu He drainage. A, male, lateral; B, F, female, lateral; C, G, female, dorsal; D, H, female, ventral; E, female, posterior.

opencc-by-4.0May 2009View details →
zenodo28/100

Figure 10 in The symphytognathoid spiders of the Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, China (Araneae: Araneoidea): Systematics and diversity of micro-orbweavers

Figure 10. Zoma dibaiyin sp. n. from Pee He. A-C, female habitus; D-F, male palp. A, lateral; B, dorsal; C, ventral; D, prolateral; E, retrolateral; F, ventral. C: conductor; EA: embolic apophysis; MA: median apophysis; T, tegulum.

opencc-by-4.0May 2009View details →
dryad28/100

Data from: Golden orbweavers ignore biological rules: phylogenomic and comparative analyses unravel a complex evolution of sexual size dimorphism

Instances of sexual size dimorphism (SSD) provide the context for rigorous tests of biological rules of size evolution, such as Cope's Rule (phyletic size increase), Rensch's Rule (allometric patterns of male and female size), as well as male and female body size optima. In certain spider groups, such as the golden orbweavers (Nephilidae), extreme female-biased SSD (eSSD, female:male body length ≥ 2) is the norm. Nephilid genera construct webs of exaggerated proportions, which can be aerial, arboricolous, or intermediate (hybrid). First, we established the backbone phylogeny of Nephilidae using 367 Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) markers, then combined these data with classical markers for a reference species-level phylogeny. Second, we used the phylogeny to test Cope and Rensch's Rules, sex specific size optima, and the coevolution of web size, type, and features with female and male body size and their ratio, SSD. Male, but not female, size increases significantly over time, and refutes Cope's Rule. Allometric analyses reject the converse, Rensch's Rule. Male and female body sizes are uncorrelated. Female size evolution is random, but males evolve towards an optimum size (3.2-4.9 mm). Overall, female body size correlates positively with absolute web size. However, intermediate sized females build the largest webs (of the hybrid type), giant female Nephila and Trichonephila build smaller webs (of the aerial type), and the smallest females build the smallest webs (of the arboricolous type). We propose taxonomic changes based on the criteria of clade age, monophyly and exclusivity, classification information content, and diagnosability. Spider families, as currently defined, tend to be between 37-98 million years old, and Nephilidae is estimated at 133 Ma (97 - 146), thus deserving family status. We therefore resurrect the family Nephilidae Simon 1894 that contains Clitaetra Simon 1889, the Cretaceous Geratonephila Poinar & Buckley 2012, Herennia Thorell 1877, Indoetra Kuntner 2006, new rank, Nephila Leach 1815, Nephilengys L. Koch 1872, Nephilingis Kuntner 2013, Palaeonephila Wunderlich 2004 from Tertiary Baltic amber, and Trichonephila Dahl 1911, new rank. We propose the new clade Orbipurae to contain Araneidae Clerck 1757, Phonognathidae Simon 1894, new rank, and Nephilidae. Nephilid female gigantism is a phylogenetically-ancient phenotype (over 100 Ma), as is eSSD, though their magnitudes vary by lineage.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →
zenodo28/100

Supplementary material 1 from: Chuang A, Gates MW, Grinsted L, Askew R, Leppanen C (2019) Two hymenopteran egg sac associates of the tent-web orbweaving spider, Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål, 1775) (Araneae, Araneidae). ZooKeys 874: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.36656

: Data type: species data

opencc-zeroSep 2019View details →
zenodo28/100

Figure 6 from: Chuang A, Gates MW, Grinsted L, Askew R, Leppanen C (2019) Two hymenopteran egg sac associates of the tent-web orbweaving spider, Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål, 1775) (Araneae, Araneidae). ZooKeys 874: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.36656

Figure 6 Histograms showing the distribution of body sizes of females (green) and males (grey; any overlap between males and females is greyish green) from 9 batches of wasp emergences: 7 batches from single egg sacs and 2 batches from pairs of egg sacs.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2019View details →
zenodo28/100

Figures 3-5 from: Chuang A, Gates MW, Grinsted L, Askew R, Leppanen C (2019) Two hymenopteran egg sac associates of the tent-web orbweaving spider, Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål, 1775) (Araneae, Araneidae). ZooKeys 874: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.36656

Figures 3-5 Representative C. citricola colonies in mainland Spain and the Canary Islands where Ph. palanichamyi and Pe. pyrgo were observed or collected.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2019View details →
zenodo28/100

Figures 17-19 from: Chuang A, Gates MW, Grinsted L, Askew R, Leppanen C (2019) Two hymenopteran egg sac associates of the tent-web orbweaving spider, Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål, 1775) (Araneae, Araneidae). ZooKeys 874: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.36656

Figures 17-19 Philolema palanichamyi17 male petiole, lateral 18 male petiole, dorsal 19 Dissected C. citricola egg sac, blue arrow = dried, consumed spider eggs, red arrow = dead Ph. palanichamyi.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2019View details →
zenodo28/100

Figures 1-2 from: Chuang A, Gates MW, Grinsted L, Askew R, Leppanen C (2019) Two hymenopteran egg sac associates of the tent-web orbweaving spider, Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål, 1775) (Araneae, Araneidae). ZooKeys 874: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.36656

Figures 1-2 Points indicate where Ph. palanichamyi was found in 1 Tenerife, Canary Islands as well as 2 along the southern coast of Spain. C. citricola is known from the shaded regions (Cardoso and Morano 2010). Pe. pyrgo was only found at Tenerife locations.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2019View details →

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