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388 results for “organic matter”
Temporal evolution of plutonium concentrations and isotopic ratios, cesium activity concentrations, granulometric parameters and organic matter properties in the Ukedo–Takase Rivers draining the Difficult-To-Return Zone in Fukushima, Japan (2013–2020)
<p>The current dataset was compiled to investigate the temporal evolution of plutonium concentrations, isotopic ratios and radiocesium activity concentrations in flood sediment deposits collected in the Ukedo and Takase Rivers, draining a part of the Difficult-to-Return Zone, in Fukushima Prefecture, from 2013 to 2020. These radionuclides were released in large quantities during the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident that occurred in March 2011 in Northeastern Japan (Steinhauser et al., 2014). Models showed that ~ 80 % of radionuclide releases occurred over the ocean (Mathieu et al., 2018; MEXT, 2011). The radioactive plume is drained by several coastal rivers to the Pacific Ocean, and sediment-bound radionuclide transfers in these rivers are mainly controlled by the occurrence of typhoons and tropical storms (Evrard et al., 2021). The objective of the research relying on the current database is to investigate the temporal changes in Pu signatures that occurred between 2013 and 2020 in flood sediment deposits collected in the Ukedo and the Takase Rivers, and to identify potential factors controlling these changes by the means of statistical approach.</p> <p>The current dataset comprises an Excel file including the variables description, and the data itself.</p>
Soil health explains the yield-stabilizing effects of soil organic matter under drought
<p>Supporting data for Mahmood, S., Nunes, M.R., Kane, D.A., and Lin, Y. Soil health explains the yield-stabilizing effects of soil organic matter under drought. <i>Soil & Environmental Health</i>. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seh.2023.100048</p><p>Meta-data are contained in files with names ending with 'metadata.' </p><ul><li>'all_data.csv' contains all the county-level data.</li><li>'yield_deficit.csv' contains the mean county-wise yield deficit data.</li></ul>
Data and code for "Salomon et al. 2024: Effects of dissolved organic matter on the toxicity of micro- and nanoplastic particles to Daphnia - a meta-analysis."
<div> <p>All data and R code for</p> <p><strong>Salomon S, Grubmüller E, Kropf P, Nickl E, Rühl A, Weigel S, Becker F, Antonio Vital AL, Laforsch C, Schott M, Mair MM. (2024). Effects of dissolved organic matter on the toxicity of micro- and nanoplastic particles to <em>Daphnia</em> - a meta-analysis. <em>Microplastics and Nanoplastics</em>. (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-024-00088-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-024-00088-4</a>)</strong></p> <p><em>Abstract</em></p> <p>Effects of micro- and nanoplastic particles (MNP) on organisms have been increasingly reported in recent years, with a large number of studies conducted on water fleas of the genus <em>Daphnia</em>. Most of the available studies used pristine particles that have not been exposed to the environment or to organic substances. In natural environments, however, organic substances like dissolved organic matter (DOM) attach to the MNP, forming an ecocorona on the particles’ surface. How the formation of an ecocorona influences MNP toxicity is still uncertain. While some studies suggest that DOM can mitigate the negative effects of MNP on organisms, other studies did not find such associations. In addition, it is unclear whether the DOM attached to the particles’ surface is attenuating the effects of MNP directly or whether co-exposure with DOM solved in the medium attenuates MNP toxicity indirectly, for instance by increasing Daphnia‘s resilience to stressors in general. To draw more solid conclusions about the direction and size of the mediating effect of DOM on MNP-associated immobilization in <em>Daphnia</em> spp., we synthesized evidence from the published literature and compiled 305 data points from 13 independent studies. The results of our meta-analysis show that the toxic effects of MNP are likely reduced in the presence of certain types of DOM in the exposure media. We found similar mediating effects when MNP were incubated in media containing DOM before the exposure experiments, although to a lesser extent. Future studies designed to disentangle the effects of DOM attached to the MNP from the general effects of DOM in the exposure medium will contribute to a deeper mechanistic understanding of MNP toxicity in nature and enhance the reliability of MNP risk assessment.</p> </div>
The role of nitrogen and iron biogeochemical cycles in the production and export of dissolved organic matter in agricultural headwater catchments
<p>Data on soil solutions collected in the riparian area at 15 cm depth in an agricultural catchment in Brittany (France) during one hydrological cycle. Zero-tension lysimeters were collected at a fortnightly frequency from October 2022 to June 2023. Measurements inlcude dissolved organic matter concentration and composition (3D flurorescence), nitrates, iron, and phosphorus.</p> <p>Data are published in Lambert et al., 2014, The role of nitrogen and iron biogeochemical cycles in the production and export of dissolved organic matter in agricultural headwater catchments, doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1212 (preprint).</p>
Storage experiment for the analysis of dissolved organic matter in surface water and groundwater
<p>This dataset contains the data resulting from a storage experiment, whereby samples from surface water (<em>n</em>=3) and groundwater (<em>n</em>=1) were stored cooled (4°C) or frozen (-20°C) and analysed after 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90 days using fluorescence spectroscopy (Aqualog, Horiba Scientific, Edison, NJ, USA). For each sample, the absorbance spectrum (240–500 nm) and a fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) were obtained. EEMs were obtained for excitation wavelengths 240–500 nm (3 nm interval) and emission wavelengths 248–825 nm (~4.6 nm interval) with an integration time of 1 second. Five absorbance indicators and eight fluorescence indicators were calculated. The DOC concentration was estimated using the two-wavelength approach of Cook et al. (2017).</p> <p>The dataset consists of four files:</p> <ul> <li>Aqualog data processing and index calculation.R: R script with the code to process the Aqualog data and to calculate the indices.</li> <li>Aqualog.zip: Raw data obtained from the Aqualog, divided into subfolders corresponding to the day of measurement. For each sample, the absorbance spectrum (*ABS.dat) and EEMs of the sample (*SEM.dat) and corresponding blank measurement (*BEM.dat) are provided.</li> <li>Indices.xlsx: Table with index values for all samples.</li> <li>Samples.xlsx: Table with information about all samples (e.g. sampling site, storage duration, storage method)</li> </ul> <p>The geolocations of the sampling sites are:</p> <ul> <li>Site 102 - 50° 29' 6.09''N - 8° 33' 33.57''E</li> <li>Site 134 - 50° 28' 36.55''N - 8° 32' 39.56''E</li> <li>Site 175 - 50° 28' 34.05''N - 8° 32' 42.89''E</li> <li>Site 187 - 50° 28' 49.98''N - 8° 32' 35.12''E</li> </ul>
Carbon and mineral data of organic matter fractions in Siberian Yedoma permafrost
<p>This file contains carbon and mineral data of organic matter fractions obtained from two permafrost drill cores L14-02 (73.33616° N; 141.32776° E) and L14-05 (73.34994° N; 141.24156° E) from Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island in NE Siberia in 2014. The datasets contain mass fractions of different size and density fractions, OC concentrations, OC/N ratios, data on organic matter composition based on <sup>13</sup>C-NMR, radiocarbon (<sup>14</sup>C) data, as well as data on iron (Fe) mineral phases and CO<sub>2</sub> production rates of mineral-associated organic matter. Further, carbon and organic biomarker data (<em>n</em>-alkanes) of the bulk sediment are included. The data were created to study mass partitioning of Pleistocene permafrost OC among different organic matter fractions to assess the bioavailability and stability of the organic matter. Please refer to the publication listed below for more information.</p>
Hydrobiogeochemical controls on the delivery of dissolved organic matter to boreal headwater streams
<p>Dataset of continuous stream discharge, soil moisture, and hydrographic separation of Upper Horseshoe and Lower Horseshoe stream sites near Pynn's Brook, Newfoundland. Matched to continuous data where available are dissolved organic carbon concentration, absorbance at 254 nm and specific UV absorbance measurements from discrete samples collected via autosampler or grab-sampled.</p>
Data for: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) offsets the detrimental effects of climate change in the nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Crocosphaera
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Data for: Sedimentary ancient DNA and pollen reveal the composition of plant organic matter in Late Quaternary permafrost sediments of the Buor Khaya Peninsula (north-eastern Siberia)
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Dityrosine formation via reactive oxygen consumption yields increasingly recalcitrant humic-like fluorescent organic matter in the ocean
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Data from: How does soil organic matter affect potato productivity on sandy soil?
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Water and soil chemistry and molecular composition data of dissolved organic matter from soils in the central Amazon rainforest, 2019-2021
This dataset was created based on sampling campaigns in the central Amazon rainforest. It covers four field sites in vicinity of the Amazon Tall Tower Oberservatory project (ATTO). The field sites are comprised of pristine, old-growth rainforest with distinct forest types: terra firme forest (Plateau and Terrace sites) and white-sand forest (Campina and Campinarana sites). Freely percolating soil porewater was sampled repeatedly in soil profiles from 0 to 30 cm in the wet seasons (October to May) of 2019, 2020 and 2021. Solid soil samples were taken in vicinity to the plots in October 2017. The datasets include chemical and texture (particle size fractions) and chemical (metals, cation exchange capacities and pH) data from soil samples. Soil porewater samples were measured for pH, electrical conductivity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. There are some missing values for these data, particularly for DOC concentrations. Soil porewater samples were used for solid-phase extraction of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The molecular composition was measured by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap Elite MS). The detected masses were used to assign molecular formulas. The data include the assigned molecular formulas and sum-normalized intensites of all samples. This data is associated with a Ph.D. dissertation chapter (Lange, 2025) and a journal article (Lange et al., accepted).
Response of humic acids and soil organic matter to vegetation replacement in subtropical high mountain forests
In this study, we used solid-state 13 C NMR spectroscopy, photometric analyses, and chemical fractionation to examine carbon (C) components and lability of SOM in a Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest and moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) plantation reforested on a cutover primary broadleaf forest in Taiwan. The data was collected in Feb 2014.
Time series of environmental parameters and organic matter analyses for dissolved and particulate organic matter in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA 2015-2016
Environmental parameters and organic matter analyses (concentration, absorbance, fluorescence) for dissolved and particulate organic matter for the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA from 20 July 2015-28 July 2016. Samples were collected bi-weekly from July 2015-October 2015 and March 2016-July 2016 and monthly from November 2015-February 2016. The dataset consists of environmental parameters measured (water temperature, salinity, percent dissolved oxygen, turbidity, chlorophyll-a) and calculated (flushing time) as well as organic matter analyses for dissolved and particulate organic matter (concentration, absorbance, fluorescence) from surface (0.2 m below surface) and bottom (0.5 m above bottom) at 11 stations from the furthest extent of saltwater intrusion (Station 0) to the mouth of the estuary (Station 180). Data were collected as part of the Neuse River Estuary Modeling and Monitoring Program (ModMon; http://paerllab.web.unc.edu/projects/modmon/) at the University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Science.
Inorganic nitrogen, microbial ecoenzymatic activities, and organic matter in soils collected from the Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME), Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico during the 2014 growing season
Drylands are characterized by a pulse dynamics framework in which episodic rain events trigger brief pulses of biological activity and resource availability that regulate primary production in these ecosystems. Relatively small rain events can stimulate microbial processes like decomposition that release inorganic nitrogen needed by plant processes, which typically also depend on soil moisture received from larger rain events. Little is known how changes in rainfall patterns may affect plant available nitrogen in dryland soils, particularly across temporal scales. Therefore, we conducted a study to examine the daily and seasonal responses of plant available nitrogen to rain events that differed in size and frequency throughout a summer monsoon in a northern Chihuahuan Desert grassland located in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA. This data package, which accompanies an associated manuscript (Brown et al. 2022), contains measurements of inorganic nitrogen, nitrogen-acquiring microbial ecoenzymatic activities, and organic matter in soils collected from the Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME) during the 2014 summer growing season.
Stream water dissolved organic matter
The composition of dissolved organic matter in streams, and water flowing from springs and thermokarst featuers in the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW) was characterized using fluorescence analysis during the summer of 2006.
Plant and soil organic matter responses to ten years of nutrient enrichment in the Nutrient Network:Nutrient Network. A cross-site investigation of bottom-up control over herbaceous plant community dynamics and ecosystem function
This experiment is one implementation of a globally distributed experiment, known as the Nutrient Network. At Cedar Creek, as in over 70 other sites in grasslands around the world, the experiment aims to describe impacts of increased nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and other metals) and decreased herbivory (removal of mammals by fencing). Two overarching questions are being explored with these manipulations: 1. To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbaceous-dominated communities? 2. Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? By utilizing identical protocols at diverse grassland sites around the world, NutNet aims to uncover both the generalities in ecosystem functioning, and the contingencies or differences which can obscure those common mechanisms. In addition to the standard NutNet protocol, e247 includes an additional low Nitrogen gradient (1 gram Nitrogen per meter squared per year and 5 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year in addition to the standard 10 grams Nitrogen per meter squared per year).
Benthic organic matter (BOM) standing crops along the Ball Creek / Coweeta Creek elevational gradient at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1991 to 1992
We investigated how benthic organic matter (BOM) standing CR varied over space and time in the context of an elevational stream-size gradient. Samples were collected with a stratified random procedure to also study how BOM varied with respect to the major habitat patches within the stream. Habitat patch include cobble-riffle, sandy-reach, and rock. Benthic organic matter was collected efuarterly from streams draining a 9-yr-old clearcut, an 18-yr-old "old-field", a 25-yr-old successional forest, and two reference watersheds at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in the Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina, USA. Samples were separated into large benthic organic matter (LBOM >1 mm) and fine benthic organic matter (FBOM <1 mm). An additional survey of large (>5 cm diam.) and small (1-5 cm diam.) wood was conducted. This study was conducted from 1991 to 1992.
SGS-LTER Earthwatch - Organic Matter in Abandoned Fields in eastern Colorado, USA 1994-1995
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Our research on abandoned fields at the CPER has two aspects,vegetation recovery and soil recovery. We wish to monitor these fields for the tem of the LTER project (decades or centuries), and to address some specific research questions. Our questions are: 1. Does vegetation on shortgrass steppe recover 55 years following cultivation? Specifically, does Bouteloua gracilis, the dominant shortgrass steppe species, recover? Prior results indicated that B. gracilis reovers on some fields, and does not on others. The fields that do not are dominated by buffalo grass. In this new work at the CPER, we ask an additional question: 2. What determines whether B. gracilis recovers? 3. Does soil organic matter recover following abandonment? Specifically, do indices of soil fertility such as nitrogen availability recover? 4. Does small-scale patterning associated with individual plants recover following disturbance? 5. Does the rate of soil recovery depend upon the rate of vegetation recovery? Past results on the Pawnee National Grasslands indicated that only small amounts of organic matter had accumulated following abandonment but that nitrogen availability had recovered to its original levels under B. gracilis plants on the abandoned fields. Specifically, we are interested in whet
Marsh soil Organic Matter on Nine Marshes on the Virginia Coast, 2016-2019
Organic matter content in nine salt marshes along the Atlantic Coast of the Delmarva Peninsula was determined by collecting soil cores followed by loss-on-ignition techniques. Two soil cores were collected at randomly selected spots within each of the 2016-2019 elevation sampling grids.
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