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FIGURE 8 in Integrated taxonomy of a new species of black fly in the subgenus Trichodagmia (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Páramo Region of Colombia

FIGURE 8. Chromosome IIS of Simulium chimguazaense (female larva). Bu = bulge, C = centromere, RB = ring of Balbiani, tr = trapezoidal.

FIGURE 12 in Integrated taxonomy of a new species of black fly in the subgenus Trichodagmia (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Páramo Region of Colombia

FIGURE 12. Chromosome IIIL of Simulium muiscorum (female larva). Limits of fixed inversions IIIL-1, IIIL-2, and IIIL-3, relative to the sequence of S. chimguazaense are shown. The sequence for S. chimguazaense can be obtained by alphabetically ordering fragments indicated by letters 'a' through 'j' The sex-differential region of S. muiscorum is indicated with a bracket (IIIL-4); bm = basal marker, C = centromere, hb = heteroband (X linked), N.O. = nucleolar organizer.

FIGURE 3 in Integrated taxonomy of a new species of black fly in the subgenus Trichodagmia (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Páramo Region of Colombia

FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of pupal surface of Simulium chimguazaense. A. Terminal portion of abdomen, ventral view. B. Sternite VII showing microspines and hook. C. Tergite VIII showing spine combs and minute teeth. D. Tergite VII showing spine combs.

FIGURE 2 in Integrated taxonomy of a new species of black fly in the subgenus Trichodagmia (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Páramo Region of Colombia

FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of pupa of Simulium chimguazaense. A. Cocoon, lateral view; inset shows details of silk. B. Thorax showing gills and trichomes, dorsal view. C. Surface of filament. D. Gill, inner lateral view. E. Surface of posterior 1/3 of thorax, showing microtubercles.

FIGURE 1 in Integrated taxonomy of a new species of black fly in the subgenus Trichodagmia (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Páramo Region of Colombia

FIGURE 1. Terminalia of Simulium chimguazaense. A–C. Female. A. Genital fork, ventral view. B. Cercus and anal lobe, lateral view. C. Posterior portion of 9th sternite and hypogynial valves, ventral view. D, E. Male. D. Gonocoxite, gonostylus, and ventral plate, ventral view. E. Gonostylus, lateral view.

FIGURE 7 in A brief look at the Odonata from the Páramo ecosystems in Colombia, with the descriptions of Oxyallagma colombianum sp. nov. and Rhionaeschna caligo sp. nov. (Odonata: Coenagrionidae, Aeshnidae, Libellulidae)

FIGURE 7. Map of Páramo localities, including also some localities outside Páramo ecosystems where Oxyallagma colombianum and O. dissidens were found.

FIGURE 6 in A brief look at the Odonata from the Páramo ecosystems in Colombia, with the descriptions of Oxyallagma colombianum sp. nov. and Rhionaeschna caligo sp. nov. (Odonata: Coenagrionidae, Aeshnidae, Libellulidae)

FIGURE 6. Oxyallagma colombianum (Páramo Sabanas): Female paratype: (a) Dorsal view of pronotum posterior lobe and mesostigmal plates. Male paratype (Páramo Las Baldías): (b) Ectal view of genital ligula; (c) Lateral view of caudal appendages; (d) Medio-dorsal view of caudal appendages. l-m. l.: Latero-medial lobes. m.p.: Mesostigmal plates. p.p.l.: Pronotum posterior lobe. e. v–ap. p.: Ventroapical external process. v–b t.: Ventrobasal tooth. i. d. p.: Inner dorsal process. p. d. b.: Paraproct dorsal branch. p. v. b.: Paraproct ventral branch. Illustrations by Natalia Uribe Macias.

FIGURE 5 in A brief look at the Odonata from the Páramo ecosystems in Colombia, with the descriptions of Oxyallagma colombianum sp. nov. and Rhionaeschna caligo sp. nov. (Odonata: Coenagrionidae, Aeshnidae, Libellulidae)

FIGURE 5. Oxyallagma colombianum: (Páramo Sabanas): (a) Pair in wheel position; (b) Tandem pair; (Antioquia, Labores): (c) Ovipositing pair with microparasitoid close to the oviposition place; (d) Tandem pair (photograph by Cintia Moreno).

FIGURE 4 in A brief look at the Odonata from the Páramo ecosystems in Colombia, with the descriptions of Oxyallagma colombianum sp. nov. and Rhionaeschna caligo sp. nov. (Odonata: Coenagrionidae, Aeshnidae, Libellulidae)

FIGURE 4. (a) Ischnura ramburii female (Páramo El Morro). (b)Oxyallagma colombianum, teneral male (Antioquia, Labores). Oxyallagma dissidens: (c) Female (Nariño, La Cocha); (d) Male (Cauca, Silvia).

FIGURE 1 in A brief look at the Odonata from the Páramo ecosystems in Colombia, with the descriptions of Oxyallagma colombianum sp. nov. and Rhionaeschna caligo sp. nov. (Odonata: Coenagrionidae, Aeshnidae, Libellulidae)

FIGURE 1. Rhionaeschna caligo: (a) Male paratype (Páramo El Morro); (c) Male paratype (Páramo Sabanas). (b) Rhionaeschna marchali: Male (Tolima, Murillo).

FIGURE 3 in A brief look at the Odonata from the Páramo ecosystems in Colombia, with the descriptions of Oxyallagma colombianum sp. nov. and Rhionaeschna caligo sp. nov. (Odonata: Coenagrionidae, Aeshnidae, Libellulidae)

FIGURE 3. Sympetrum paramo: (a) Teneral female and exuvia (Páramo El Congo); (b) Male (Páramo El Morro). Erythrodiplax connata-group (Cauca, Timbio): (c) Mature male; (d) Immature male (same coloration as females).

FIGURE 2 in A brief look at the Odonata from the Páramo ecosystems in Colombia, with the descriptions of Oxyallagma colombianum sp. nov. and Rhionaeschna caligo sp. nov. (Odonata: Coenagrionidae, Aeshnidae, Libellulidae)

FIGURE 2. (a) Rhionaeschna peralta female (habitus). Rhionaeschna caligo: (b) Hamuli, ventroposterior view; (c) Caudal appendages lateral view; (d) Vesica spermalis ventral view; (e) left spine of anterior lamina. (f) Rhionaeschna joannisi male (habitus). Illustrations by Natalia Uribe Macias.

FIGURE 15 in Páramo de Belmira as an important centre of endemism in the northern Colombian Andes: new evidence from Pronophilina butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini)

FIGURE 15. NJ tree using the uncorrected p distance model, based on DNA barcode sequences (ca. 658bp of COI). Above the branches bootstrap support values (>50) are provided for each node.

FIGURE 16 in Páramo de Belmira as an important centre of endemism in the northern Colombian Andes: new evidence from Pronophilina butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini)

FIGURE 16. ML tree (ln -9138.2578) using GTR+G model, based on DNA barcode sequences (ca. 658bp of COI). Above the branches bootstrap support values (>50) are provided for each node.

FIGURE 14. Apexacuta orsedice mariadelmarae n in Páramo de Belmira as an important centre of endemism in the northern Colombian Andes: new evidence from Pronophilina butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini)

FIGURE 14. Apexacuta orsedice mariadelmarae n. ssp., male (Holotype), top: upperside, bottom: underside.

FIGURE 12 in Páramo de Belmira as an important centre of endemism in the northern Colombian Andes: new evidence from Pronophilina butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini)

FIGURE 12. Male genitalia of Pedaliodes nutabe n. sp. (paratype). A, lateral view. B, aedeagus, lateral view. C, aedeagus, dorsal view.

FIGURE 8 in Páramo de Belmira as an important centre of endemism in the northern Colombian Andes: new evidence from Pronophilina butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini)

FIGURE 8. Adults of Panyapedaliodes rojasi n. sp. top: upperside, bottom: underside; A, male (paratype). B, female (paratype).

FIGURE 3 in Páramo de Belmira as an important centre of endemism in the northern Colombian Andes: new evidence from Pronophilina butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini)

FIGURE 3. Male genitalia of Lymanopoda casneri n. sp. (paratype). A, superuncus and tegumen in dorsal view. B, superuncus and uncus, lateral view. C, valval tip, in lateral view. D, lateral view. E, aedeagus, lateral view.

FIGURE 1 in Páramo de Belmira as an important centre of endemism in the northern Colombian Andes: new evidence from Pronophilina butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini)

FIGURE 1. Study area of the Páramo de Belmira at the northern central tropical Andes. (From IAVH 2012).

FIGURE 2 in Páramo de Belmira as an important centre of endemism in the northern Colombian Andes: new evidence from Pronophilina butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini)

FIGURE 2. Adults of Lymanopoda casneri n. sp.; top: upperside, bottom: underside. A, male (paratype). B, female (paratype).