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260 results for “parthenogenetic”
FIGURE 1 in How should we treat autopolyploid and parthenogenetic animals taxonomically?
FIGURE 1. Schematic comparison of maximum body size and maximum egg number per clutch between gonochoristic Procambarus fallax and its autotriploid and parthenogenetic descendant Procambarus virginalis (drawing of P. fallax modified after Hobbs, 1989).
Data from: Non-nest mate discrimination and clonal colony structure in the parthenogenetic ant Cerapachys biroi
Understanding the interplay between cooperation and conflict in social groups is a major goal of biology. One important factor is genetic relatedness, and animal societies are usually composed of related but genetically different individuals, setting the stage for conflicts over reproductive allocation. Recently, however, it has been found that several ant species reproduce predominantly asexually. Although this can potentially give rise to clonal societies, in the few well-studied cases, colonies are often chimeric assemblies of different genotypes, due to worker drifting or colony fusion. In the ant Cerapachys biroi, queens are absent and all individuals reproduce via thelytokous parthenogenesis, making this species an ideal study system of asexual reproduction and its consequences for social dynamics. Here, we show that colonies in our study population on Okinawa, Japan, recognize and effectively discriminate against foreign workers, especially those from unrelated asexual lineages. In accord with this finding, colonies never contained more than a single asexual lineage and average pairwise genetic relatedness within colonies was extremely high (r = 0.99). This implies that the scope for social conflict in C. biroi is limited, with unusually high potential for cooperation and altruism.
Data from: Occasional males in parthenogenetic populations of Asobara japonica (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): low Wolbachia titer or incomplete co-adaptation?
Wolbachia are endosymbiotic bacteria known to manipulate the reproduction of their hosts. Some populations of the parasitoid wasp Asobara japonica are infected with Wolbachia and reproduce parthenogenetically, while other populations are not infected and reproduce sexually. Wolbachia infected A. japonica females regularly produce small numbers of male offspring. Because all females in the field are infected and infected females are not capable of sexual reproduction, male production seems to be maladaptive. We investigated why these females nevertheless produce males. We tested three hypotheses: high rearing temperatures could result in higher offspring sex ratios (more males), low Wolbachia titer of the mother could lead to higher offspring sex ratios and/or the Wolbachia infection is of relatively recent origin and not enough time has passed to allow complete co-adaptation between Wolbachia and host. Thirty-three percent of the Wolbachia infected females produced males and 56% of these males were also infected with Wolbachia. Neither offspring sex ratio nor male infection frequency were significantly affected by rearing temperature or Wolbachia concentration of the mother. The mitochondrial DNA sequence of one of the uninfected populations was identical to that of two of the infected populations. Therefore, the initial Wolbachia infection of A. japonica must have occurred recently. Mitochondrial sequence variation among infected populations suggests that the spread of Wolbachia through the host populations involved horizontal transmission. We conclude that the occasional male production by Wolbachia infected females is most likely a maladaptive side-effect of incomplete co-evolution between symbiont and host in this relatively young infection.
Data from: Sex-biased dispersal creates spatial genetic structure in a parthenogenetic ant with a dependent-lineage reproductive system
Reproduction and dispersal are key aspects of species life history that influence spatial genetic structure in populations. Several ant species in the genus Cataglyphis have evolved a unique breeding system in which new reproductives (that is, queens and males) are produced asexually by parthenogenesis; in contrast, non-reproductives (that is, workers) are produced via sexual reproduction by mates from distinct genetic lineages. We investigated how these two coexisting reproductive methods affect population-level spatial genetic structure using the ant Cataglyphis mauritanica as a model. We obtained genotypes for queens and their male mates from 338 colonies, and we found that the two lineages present in the study population occurred with equal frequency. Furthermore, analysis of spatial genetic structure revealed strong sex-biased dispersal. Because queens were produced by parthenogenesis and because they dispersed over short distances, there was an extreme level of spatial structuring: a mosaic of patches composed of clonal queens was formed. Males, on the other hand, dispersed over several hundred metres and, thus, across patches, ensuring successful interlineage mating.
FIGURE 9. Celsinotum macronyx, parthenogenetic female from a paddy field II in New and rare Aloninae (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Indochina
FIGURE 9. Celsinotum macronyx, parthenogenetic female from a paddy field II, near Phitsanulok, foodplain of the River Nan, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand: A–D, specimen in lateral, anterior, antero-ventral and dorsal views. E, head pores. F, head, ventral view. G, postabdomen. H, postabdominal claw. I, distal portion of limb I. Scale bars, A–D, 0.1 mm; E–I, 0.01 mm.
FIGURES 1–8. 1 in A new parthenogenetic bagworm Reisseronia imielinella sp. nov. from Poland (Lepidoptera, Psychidae)
FIGURES 1–8. 1. Reisseronia imielinella sp. nov. ♀: Holotype. Lateral view. (phot. A. Larysz). POLONIA CA75, Imielin 17 III 2011 e.o., ovum ex ♀ V 2010 railway tracks, leg. Adam Larysz. 2. Reisseronia imielinella sp. nov. ♀: Holotype. Ventral view. (phot. A. Larysz). POLONIA CA75, Imielin 17 III 2011 e.o., ovum ex ♀ V 2010 railway tracks, leg. Adam Larysz. 3. Reisseronia imielinella sp. nov. ♀: Head, Thorax latero-ventral view. (phot. A. Larysz). POLONIA CA75, Imielin 17 III 2011 e.o., ovum ex ♀ V 2010 railway tracks, leg. Adam Larysz. 4. Reisseronia imielinella sp. nov. ♀: Genitalia (phot. A. Larysz). POLONIA CA75, Imielin 17 III 2011 e.o., ovum ex ♀ V 2010 railway tracks, leg. Adam Larysz. 5. Reisseronia imielinella sp. nov. ♀: Exuvium: Segments 8–10 ventrally (phot. R. Stelmaszczyk). 6. Reisseronia imielinella sp. nov. ♀: Exuvium: Headplate (phot. A. Larysz). POLONIA CA75, Imielin 13 IV 2010 e.o., ovum ex ♀ V 2009 railway tracks, leg. Adam Larysz. 7. Reisseronia imielinella sp. nov. ♀: Exuvium ventrally (phot. A. Larysz). 8. Type locality in Imielin 23 V 2006 (phot. A. Larysz).
FIGURES 9–12. 9 in A new parthenogenetic bagworm Reisseronia imielinella sp. nov. from Poland (Lepidoptera, Psychidae)
FIGURES 9–12. 9. Reisseronia imielinella sp. nov. Larva in larval case: Imielin 23 V 2006, railway tracks (phot. A. Larysz). 10. a: Reisseronia gertrudae Sieder: Legs of female (by T. Sobczyk after Sieder 1962). 10b: Reisseronia imielinella sp. nov.: Legs of female (by T. Sobczyk). 11. Reisseronia gertrudae Sieder: Larva—head and thoracic legs. Lateral view (phot. A. Malkiewicz). 12. Reisseronia imielinella sp. nov.: Larva—head and thoracic legs. Lateral view (phot. A. Malkiewicz), Polonia CA 75, Imielin 10 V 2007, leg. Adam Larysz.
FIGURE 1. Cladocera from Hainan island, adult parthenogenetic females. A-C in Cladocera of Hainan Island, China
FIGURE 1. Cladocera from Hainan island, adult parthenogenetic females. A-C, Alona costata Sars, 1862 from Shuisheng reservoir (locality 35). A, lateral view. B, head pores. C, postabdomen. D-K, Coronatella trachistriata (Chen, Zhang, Liu, 1994) from Shuisheng reservoir (locality 35). D, lateral view. E, posteroventral corner of valves. F, head shield. G, head pores. H, labrum. I, postabdomen. J, antenna II, K, outer distal lobe (ODL) and inner distal lobe (IDL) of thoracic limb I. L–Q, Karualona karua (King, 1853) from locality 2. L, lateral view. M–N, posteroventral corner of valves. O-P, postabdomen. Q, outer distal lobe (ODL) and inner distal lobe (IDL) of thoracic limb I.
FIGURES 6–17. Ubiquepuella telytokous Fernandes n in First report of a parthenogenetic Grylloidea and new genus of Neoaclini (Insecta: Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae: Phalangopsinae)
FIGURES 6–17. Ubiquepuella telytokous Fernandes n. sp. 6—13: holotype; 14—17: paratype; 6—detail of the head, superolateral view (arrow pointing transverse groove); 7— detail of the head and pronotum, lateral view; 8—detail of head, frontal view; 9—posterior femur; 10—posterior tibia, dorsal view (arrows pointing dorsal spurs); 11—tarsomeres of posterior tibia (arrows pointing rows of spines on basitarsus); 12— supraanal plate; 13—subgenital plate; 14—reproductive system (O: ovaries, S.p.: spermatheca, L.O.: lateral oviduct, Ovi: ovipositor); 15—ovipositor, lateral view; 16 and 17: Scanning electron micrographs of eggs.
FIGURES 1–5. Ubiquepuella telytokous Fernandes n in First report of a parthenogenetic Grylloidea and new genus of Neoaclini (Insecta: Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae: Phalangopsinae)
FIGURES 1–5. Ubiquepuella telytokous Fernandes n. sp. 1 and 5: holotype; 2, 3 and 4abc: paratypes; 1—holotype habitus, dorsal view; 2—right forewing, dorsal view; 3—spermatheca; 4—copulatory papilla (4a: ventral view, 4b: dorsal view and 4c lateral view); 5—head and pronotum, dorsal view.
FIGURE 1. Eurycercus glacialis, parthenogenetic female from a in A revision of the subgenus Eurycercus (Teretifrons) Frey, 1975 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the Holarctic with description of a new species from Russian Arctic
FIGURE 1. Eurycercus glacialis, parthenogenetic female from a shallow pond in sitka spruce temperate rainforest, Kodiak Island, Alaska, U.S.A. A, lateral view. B, anterior view. C, dorsal view. D, head, lateral view. E, head shield. F, head pores. G, labrum, ventral view. Scale bar denotes 1 mm for A–E, G; 0.1 mm for F.
FIGURE 2. Eurycercus glacialis, parthenogenetic female from a in A revision of the subgenus Eurycercus (Teretifrons) Frey, 1975 (Crustacea: Cladocera) in the Holarctic with description of a new species from Russian Arctic
FIGURE 2. Eurycercus glacialis, parthenogenetic female from a shallow pond in sitka spruce temperate rainforest, Kodiak Island, Alaska, U.S.A. A, postabdomen. B, its distal portion. C, dorso-distal portion. D, postabdomen basal portion. E, antenna I. F, antenna II. G, limb I. H–I, IDL of limb I. Scale bar denotes 1 mm for A, F–G; 0.1 mm for B–E, H–I.
Fig. 2 in The First Parthenogenetic Pleurodont Iguanian: A New All-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from Western Argentina
Fig. 2. Map showing known localities of Liolaemus parthenos, new species (black circles), in San Rafael Department, Mendoza Province, Argentina. Arrow indicates the type locality.
Fig. 1 in The First Parthenogenetic Pleurodont Iguanian: A New All-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from Western Argentina
Fig. 1. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the holotype (FML 16221) of Liolaemus parthenos, new species, from the type locality in San Rafael Department, Mendoza Province, Argentina.
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic hypotheses for 31 in The First Parthenogenetic Pleurodont Iguanian: A New All-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from Western Argentina
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic hypotheses for 31 species of Liolaemus emphasizing species in the L. boulengeri group (stars) based on 1776 aligned base pairs of mtDNA sequence data. (A) Phylogeny based on Bayesian inference showing branch lengths proportional to evolutionary change and branch support represented as Bayesian credibility values below each node. (B) Cladogram based on a maximum parsimony analysis showing bootstrap and jackknife values above and below each clade, respectively. Retention index (RI): 0.796, consistency index (CI): 0.490. Photos show species of Liolaemus inferred by both analyses to be closely related to L. parthenos, new species.
Fig. 3 in The First Parthenogenetic Pleurodont Iguanian: A New All-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from Western Argentina
Fig. 3. Karyotype (left) and pair carrier of nucleolus organizer regions (right) for Liolaemus parthenos, new species.
Fig. 5 in The First Parthenogenetic Pleurodont Iguanian: A New All-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from Western Argentina
Fig. 5. Macrochromosome idiograms for Liolaemus parthenos, new species, and its hypothetical parental species.
FIGURE 16 in Reisseronia annae sp. nov. — a new parthenogenetic bagworm moth from Poland (Lepidoptera, Psychidae)
FIGURE 16. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. Larva in larval case climbing up the concrete fence, 5 V 2013 (photo A. Larysz).
FIGURE 10 in Reisseronia annae sp. nov. — a new parthenogenetic bagworm moth from Poland (Lepidoptera, Psychidae)
FIGURE 10. Reisseronia annae sp. nov. ♀: Pupa: abdominal segments 3–10 ventrally (photo A. Larysz). FIGURE 11. Reisseronia annae sp. nov.: Larval case (photo A. Larysz).
FIGURE 4. Grimaldina brazzai, parthenogenetic female from a in Old World-New World differentiation of so-called " circumtropical " taxa: the case of rare genus Grimaldina Richard, 1892 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Macrothricidae)
FIGURE 4. Grimaldina brazzai, parthenogenetic female from a swampy grassland connected with Lake Tana (N 11.61405°, E 37.37597°), Ethiopia: A, antenna I; B, antenna II; C–D, setae on proximal segment of endopod. Scale bars 0.1 mm.
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