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FIGURE 9 in The Eurasian species of Xyela (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae): taxonomy, host plants and distribution

FIGURE 9. Records of the East Asian Xyela species supposedly feeding on Pinus (Strobus) species: X. kamtshatica (21 specimens from 4 collection sites), X. pumilae (4 specimens from 2 collection sites) and X. sibiricae (8 specimens from 2 collection sites). Additional record of X. kamtshatica by Takeuchi (1938) included for Hokkaido. The rhomb-shaped symbol represents records of X. koraiensis, X. rasnitsyni and X. ussuriensis supposedly feeding on Pinus koraiensis (illustrated separately in Figs 10, 22). Legend for natural distribution of Pinus species: P. koraiensis (solid line, according to Mirov 1967), P. pumila (dotted line) and P. sibirica (dashed line, both combined from Sokolov et al. 1977 and Kremenetski et al. 1998).

FIGURES 42–65 in The Eurasian species of Xyela (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae): taxonomy, host plants and distribution

FIGURES 42–65. Color pattern of head of Xyela species: X. curva group, X. rasnitsyni group, X. julii group (part). Legend: HT—holotype; NT—neotype; PT—paratype.

FIGURES 2–5 in The Eurasian species of Xyela (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae): taxonomy, host plants and distribution

FIGURES 2–5. Measurements and terminology of wing venation (see explanations on pp. 8–10). 2, Xyela rasnitsyni (paratype), ovipositor sheath (embedded in glycerine and therefore valvula 3 a little wider compared to dry, pinned specimens). 3, X. alpigena, penis valve. 4, X. curva, wings. 5, X. lugdunensis (paratype of X. nigroabscondita), fore wing.

FIGURE 8 in The Eurasian species of Xyela (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae): taxonomy, host plants and distribution

FIGURE 8. Records of Xyela alpigena (51 specimens from 22 collection sites) and X. peuce (21 specimens from 5 collection sites) and natural distribution of the (supposed) host plants, Pinus cembra (solid line) and P. peuce (dashed line, both according to Willis et al. 1998).

FIGURES 121–125 in The Eurasian species of Xyela (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae): taxonomy, host plants and distribution

FIGURES 121–125. Distal section of ovipositors. 121, Xyela longula. 122, X. alpigena. 123, X. occidentalis (paratype). 124, X. curva. 125, X. rasnitsyni (paratype). Arrowheads in Figs 123–124 indicate preapical small tooth on dorsal edge of valvula 1.

FIGURE 20 in The Eurasian species of Xyela (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae): taxonomy, host plants and distribution

FIGURE 20. Records of Xyela longula (49 specimens from 32 collection sites) and natural distribution of the host plant, Pinus sylvestris (solid line, combined from Mirov 1967, Sokolov et al. 1977 and Willis et al. 1998). Two additional records included from Scotland (Harwood 1950, Entwistle 1996). The question mark refers to a tentatively identified male from Tence (France: Auvergne; see text).

FIGURES 24–41 in The Eurasian species of Xyela (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae): taxonomy, host plants and distribution

FIGURES 24–41. Color pattern of head of Xyela species: X. longula group, X. lugdunensis group, X. alpigena group, X. meridionalis group. Legend: HT—holotype; LT—lectotype; PT—paratype. Legend for Fig. 25: kss—kidney-shaped spot; mfs—medial frontal spot; sff—stripe along frontal furrow.

FIGURE 1 in The Eurasian species of Xyela (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae): taxonomy, host plants and distribution

FIGURE 1. Records of Xyela species in Eurasia and natural distribution of their host plants, Pinus species (solid line, combined from Mirov 1967, Sokolov et al. 1977 and Richardson 1998).

FIG. 28 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 28. Paurocephala spp.: (A) P. dayak; (B) P. oceanica; (C) P. marginata; (D) P. palawanensis; (E) P. trematos; (F) P. macrochaetis; (G) P. sauteri; (H, M) P. boehmeriae; (I) P. stigmaticalis; (J) P. setifera; (K, N) P. polaszeki; (L) P. muta. (A–L) Antennal segments 9 and 10; (M, N) metacoxa. Scale bar: a, A–L; b, M; c, N.

FIG. 33 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 33. Paurocephala spp.: (A, G) P. brevicephala; (B, H) P. martini; (C, I) P. robusta; (D, J) P. sulawesiana; (E, K) P. ambigua; (F, L) P. pterospermi. (A–F) Male genitalia, lateral view; (J–L) paramere, inner surface. Scale bar: a, A–F; b, G–L.

FIG. 27 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 27. Paurocephala spp.: (A) P. boehmeriae; (B) P. stigmaticalis; (C) P. setifera; (D) P. polaszeki; (E) P. muta. (A–F) Female genitalia, lateral view. Scale bar: a, A, D; b, B; c, C, E.

FIG. 31 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 31. Paurocephala spp.: (A) P. brevicephala; (B) P. martini; (C) P. robusta; (D) P. sulawesiana. (A–D) Forewing (including detail of middle part of Rs vein). Scale bar: a, A–D.

FIG. 34 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 34. Paurocephala spp.: (A) P. brevicephala; (B) P. martini; (C) P. robusta; (D) P. sulawesiana; (E) P. ambigua; (F) P. pterospermi. (A–F) Female genitalia, lateral view. Scale bar: a, A–F.

FIG. 16 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 16. Paurocephala spp.: (A) P. similis; (B) P. artocarpae; (C) P. curvata; (D) P. calcarata; (E) P. javanica; (F) P. wilderi. (A–F) Female genitalia, lateral view (including section of female circumanal ring, outer pores above). Scale bar: a, A, B, E; b, C, D, F.

FIG. 14 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 14. Paurocephala spp.: (A) P. similis; (B) P. artocarpae; (C, H) P. curvata; (D, G) P. calcarata; (E) P. javanica; (F) P. wilderi. (A–F) Male genitalia, lateral view; (G–H) metacoxa. Scale bar: a, A; b, B, G, H; c, C–F.

FIG. 15 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 15. Paurocephala spp.: (A, G) P. similis; (B, H) P. artocarpae; (C, I, M) P. curvata; (D, J) P. calcarata; (E, K) P. javanica; (F, L) P. wilderi. (A–F) Paramere, inner surface; (G–L) distal segment of aedeagus; (M) clypeus and labium, lateral view. Scale bar: a, A, G; b, B, E, H; c, C, D, F, I–K; d, M.

FIG. 13 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 13. Paurocephala spp.: (A) P. similis; (B) P. artocarpae; (C) P. curvata; (D) P. calcarata; (E) P. javanica; (F) P. wilderi. (A–F) Forewing. Scale bar: a, A, B; b, C–E; c, F.

FIG. 10 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 10. Paurocephala spp.: (A, C, E, G) P. elegans; (B, D, F, H) P. kleinhoŽae (Taiwan). (A, B) Male genitalia, lateral view; (C, D) distal segment of aedeagus; (E, F) paramere, inner surface; (G, H) female genitalia, lateral view. Scale bar: a, A, B; b, C, E; c, D, F; d, G; e, H.

FIG. 9 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 9. Paurocephala spp.: (A, F) P. elegans; (B, G, I) P. kleinhoae (Taiwan); (C, H) P. kleinhoae (Philippines); (D) P. lienhardi; (E) P. brendelli. (A–E) forewing; (F) antenna; (G, H) distal segments of antenna; (I) metacoxa. Scale bar: a, A–C; b, D; c, E; d, F–H; e, I.

FIG. 1 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Old World jumping plant-louse genus Paurocephala (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea)

FIG. 1. Forewing: (A) morphological terminology; (B) lines indicating measurements when quantifying length of veins and connections.