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252 results for “privatization”
The Private and External Costs of Germany's Nuclear Phase-out, Replication Dataset
<p>Replication files for "The Private and External Costs of Germany's Nuclear Phase-out", published in the <em>Journal of the European Economic Association.</em></p>
Distribution. Might still occur on Big South Cape (= Taukihepa) I and neighboring Putauhina I or on privately owned islands off Stewart I, New Zealand. in Mystacinidae
Distribution. Might still occur on Big South Cape (= Taukihepa) I and neighboring Putauhina I or on privately owned islands off Stewart I, New Zealand.
Income Inequality in Authoritarian Regimes: The Effect of Institutions, Rights to Private Property, and Globalization
<p>This paper study the relationship between income inequality and authoritarian political institutions under globalization. More specifically, its purpose is to understand the effect of how different institutional setup, in this case the presence of electoral institutions, size of ruling coalition, and, protection of property rights affect the level of income inequality in authoritarian regimes. Furthermore, this paper adds to the conventional independent variables typically used in authoritarian studies literature by adding international market forces represented by trade and financial globalization by KOF Index. Analyzing 100 authoritarian regimes from 1972 to 2019, this study found that 1) when globalization are not taken into account the institutional setup of authoritarian regimes affect the level of income inequality in authoritarian regimes. In particular, regimes with large ruling coalition and institutionalized election and party competitions is expected to have lower level of income inequality; (2) protection to rights to private property is inversely related with income inequality, with regimes which have higher protection of the rights to private property tend to have lower income equality; (3) trade and financial globalization are inversely related with income inequality; and (4) the impact of domestic political institution is subdued when international market forces are taken into account</p>
Viet Nam: Private pharmacy TB referrals acceptability survey data
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Pharmacies represent a key health system entry point for </span><span>people with TB in Viet Nam,<span> but high fragmentation hinders their broader engagement. </span>Professional networking apps may be able to facilitate pharmacy engagement for systematic TB screening and referral. Between </span>September and December 2019, <span>we piloted the use of a social networking app, SwipeRx, to recruit pharmacists for a TB referral scheme across four districts of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. </span><span>We measured chest X-ray (CXR) referrals and TB detection yields at participating pharmacies and fielded 100 acceptability surveys, divided into pharmacists who did and did not make a CXR referral. We then fitted mixed-effect odds proportional models to explore acceptability factors that were associated with making a CXR referral.</span>1,816 push notifications were sent to pharmacists via the SwipeRx app and <span>78 indicated their interest in participating; however, only one was within the pilot's intervention area. Additional in-person outreach resulted in the recruitment of 146 pharmacists, with </span><span>54 (37.0%)<span> making at least one CXR referral</span>. A total of <span>182 pharmacy customers were referred, resulting in a total of 64 (35.2%) CXR screens and seven people being diagnosed with TB. </span>Compared to pharmacists who did not make any CXR referrals, pharmacists making at least one CXR referral understood the pilot's objectives more clearly (aOR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.2-5.8) and they believed that TB screening increased customer trust (aOR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.2-5.8), benefited their business (aOR=2.8, 95% CI: 1.3-6.2) and constituted a competitive advantage (aOR=4.4, 95% CI: 1.9-9.9). They were also more confident in using mHealth apps (aOR=3.1, 95 CI%: 1.4-6.8).<span> </span><span>Pharmacies can play an important role in early and increased TB case finding. It is critical to highlight the value proposition of TB referral schemes to their business during recruitment. Digital networking platforms, such as SwipeRx, can facilitate referrals for TB screening by pharmacists, but their ability to identify and recruit pharmacists requires optimization, particularly when targeting specific segments of a nation-wide digital network.</span></span></p>
SUSTAINABILITY CLAUSES IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC CONTRACTS: THE AFTERMATH OF CSDDD
<p><em>On 12 July 2024, SAPIENS Network Early Stage Researcher Ezgi Uysal held a scientific webinar titled "SUSTAINABILITY CLAUSES IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC CONTRACTS: THE AFTERMATH OF CSDDD." </em></p> <p><em>The webinar featured prominent speakers:</em></p> <ul> <li><em><strong>Kateřina Mitkidis</strong>, a professor at Aarhus University specializing in environmental law, sustainable development, and international business contracts, discussed sustainability clauses in supply chains and strategies for mitigating plastic pollution.</em></li> <li><em><strong>Daniel Schönfelder</strong>, the European Legal Advisor for the Responsible Contracting Project, focused on drafting and disseminating sustainability clauses tailored to the German and European contexts and implementing the German Supply Chain Due Diligence Act.</em></li> <li><em><strong>Martijn Scheltema</strong>, a professor of private law at Erasmus University Rotterdam and partner at Pels Rijcken, explored the enforcement of sustainability considerations in contracts and the development of European Model Contract Clauses.</em></li> </ul> <p><em>Ezgi Uysal, a PhD Researcher at the University of Turin and an Early Stage Researcher at the SAPIENS Network, discussed monitoring and enforcing sustainability clauses in public procurement contracts, the interplay between contract law and public procurement law, and the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD).</em></p> <p><em>The focus of the webinar was on the incorporation and enforcement of sustainability considerations in contracts, sustainable public procurement under the EU legal framework, and the need for effective contract management. The discussions highlighted new European contract clauses developed for corporate sustainability and the critical interplay between public procurement law and corporate sustainability due diligence. This webinar is particularly relevant for students, newcomers to public procurement, and professionals interested in understanding the latest legal mechanisms for promoting sustainability in supply chains.</em></p>
Public and Private in the Roman House: Maps of Casa del Tramezzo di Legno, Herculaneum III,11
<p>Data pertaining to the research conducted by Public and Private in the Roman House Project in Herculaneum.</p> <p>Maps of Casa del Tramezzo di Legno (CdTdL), Herculaneum III,11.</p> <p>Drawn by architect, Dr. Juhana Heikonen</p>
FIGURE 1 in The holotype of Chenopodium baryosmon (Chenopodiaceae) rediscovered: just one of many type specimens from the private herbarium of Schultes, now in the Turczaninow herbarium at KW
FIGURE 1. Holotype of Chenopodium baryosmon (≡ Salsola baryosma, now treated as a synonym of Caroxylon imbricatum), KW001002885; the only actual specimen of the species seen by Schultes (courtesy of the National Herbarium of Ukraine, KW).
FIG. 1 in Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Vertebrate Burrow Commensals within a Private, Working Forest Landscape
FIG. 1. Number of unique observations of vertebrate burrow commensals by taxonomic group (top left), reptile and amphibian species (top right), bird species (bottom left), and mammal species (bottom right). Vertebrate burrow commensal data were collected in a private, working forest landscape dominated by planted Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) stands located in the Upper Coastal Plain ecoregion of Georgia, USA from 2018– 2019.
FIG. 3 in Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Vertebrate Burrow Commensals within a Private, Working Forest Landscape
FIG. 3. Three axes of non-metric multidimensional scaling of the vertebrate commensal community across abandoned (blue), active (yellow), and inactive (gray) Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrows. Species detected are represented by the black points. Vertebrate burrow commensal data were collected in a private, working forest landscape dominated by planted Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) stands located in the Upper Coastal Plain ecoregion of Georgia, USA from 2018–2019.
FIG. 2 in Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) Vertebrate Burrow Commensals within a Private, Working Forest Landscape
FIG. 2. Rarefaction curves of species richness during 2018 and 2019. Vertebrate burrow commensal data were collected in a private, working forest landscape dominated by planted Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) stands located in the Upper Coastal Plain ecoregion of Georgia, USA from 2018–2019.
Impact of Multimodal Freight Network on Private Sector Global Distribution
<p>Data for FERSC Year 1 Project 4: Impact of Multimodal Freight Network on Private Sector Global Distribution</p>
Vegetation changes from private forestland management can increase species richness and abundance
<p>Conservation efforts on private lands are important for biodiversity conservation. On private lands in South Carolina, forestry management practices (prescribed burning, thinning, herbicide application) are used to improve upland pine habitat for wildlife and timber harvest and are incentivized through United States Department of Agriculture Farm Bill cost-share programs. Because many forest-dependent bird species have habitat requirements created primarily through forest management, data are needed on the effectiveness of these management activities. We studied privately-owned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stands in the South Carolina Piedmont region. Our objective was to understand how management practices influence avian species richness and abundance at local (forest stand) and landscape levels in relatively small stands (average ~28 hectares). We surveyed 49 forest stands during two bird breeding seasons with traditional point counts and vegetation surveys. We evaluated the effects of management on pine stand characteristics, avian species richness, and abundance of state-designated bird species of concern. Repeated burning and thinning shifted stand conditions to open pine woodlands with reduced basal area and herbaceous understories. Stands with lower basal area supported greater avian species richness. Some species increased in abundance in response to active management (e.g., Brown-headed Nuthatch, Sitta pusilla, and Indigo Bunting, Passerina cyanea), but relationships varied. Some species responded positively to increases in forest quantity at a landscape scale (1–5 km, e.g., Northern Bobwhite, Colinus virginianus). We found species-rich avian communities and species of conservation concern on working timber lands, indicating that incentivized forest management on private lands can provide valuable habitat for wildlife. </p>
CSET Private-Sector AI Indicators
<p>The Private-Sector AI Indicators dataset includes a diverse range of indicators of AI-related activity for hundreds of companies worldwide, from startups to multinationals. The dataset uses original metadata, models, and methods developed by ETO and CSET to transform information from a wide variety of data sources into AI-related research, patenting, and hiring metrics for every company covered in <a href="https://parat.eto.tech/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">PARAT</a>. For more information, see our <a href="https://eto.tech/dataset-docs/private-sector-ai-indicators/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">documentation</a>.</p> <p>Research subject classifications are based on work supported in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation under Grant No. G-2023-22358.</p>
The Smart City as a Field of Innovation: Effects of Public-Private Data Collaboration on the Innovative Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in China
<p>The Smart City as a Field of Innovation: Effects of Public-Private Data Collaboration on the Innovative Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises</p> <p><strong>in China</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Xiaohui Jiang<sup>1</sup>, Masaru Yarime<sup>1*</sup></p> <p><sup>1</sup> Division of Public Policy, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology</p> <p>E-mail: <a href="mailto:yarime@ust.hk">yarime@ust.hk</a></p> <p> </p> <p><em>Keywords: Smart city, China, Data-driven innovation, Small and medium-sized enterprise, Public-private collaboration</em></p> <p> </p> <p>Extended Abstract</p> <p>Data is increasingly considered to be a key component in stimulating innovation (Cockburn, Henderson, and Stern, 2019). Numerous promising possibilities have been opened up by rapidly emerging, data-intensive technologies, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence. The analysis and interpretation of big data are critical in the growth of technology firms in terms of AI training and computing capabilities (Allam and Dhunny, 2019). Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with their limited resources internally, particularly face a serious challenge of implementing innovation that depends upon data.</p> <p>The smart city provides an important opportunity for creating data-driven innovation. Significant amounts of data are increasingly available from various sources through sophisticated devices and equipment scattered in smart cities. Many smart city projects across the globe provide rich opportunities for SMEs to explore data-driven innovation (Bresciani, Ferraris, and Del Giudice, 2018). China, in particular, has recently been active in collecting and utilizing various kinds of data in smart cities. The availability of and access to data help to improve the software development of firms in China, where massive amounts of data resources are held by the government (Beraja, Yang, and Yuchtman, 2022).</p> <p>In the process of smart city development, there are also many tasks that are complementary to each other, including connecting databases, building online platforms that connect different data coming from different data sources, operating online platforms, and providing products and services to citizens. These diverse kinds of tasks involved in smart city projects initiated by local governments have brought about new business opportunities for innovative SMEs in China. To implement the policies of encouraging the development of SMEs by the central government, municipal governments have introduced policies that give priority to SMEs in participating in smart city projects (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, 2016). Those companies that have access to the data held by government agencies are expected to benefit from utilizing the rich data for creating innovative products and services.</p> <p>There were few empirical studies conducted, however, to examine how data are actually managed and provided in smart cities and how they affect companies’ innovative activities. It remains unclear how public agencies and private enterprises collaborate on data and how that influences the innovation performance of SMEs in China. In smart cities, different types of public-private collaboration are involved, including hardware purchase, platform building, platform operation, and data analysis. It is not yet well-understood how these different types of collaboration influence the innovative performance of SMEs.</p> <p>In this study, we intend to address how data are managed through collaboration between the government and companies in smart cities and how the mode of collaboration influences firms’ performance on innovation. By focusing on the case of SMEs in China, this research aims to shed light on what kinds of data are available and used in smart cities and how the government and enterprises collaborate on data to facilitate innovation.</p> <p>The analysis of this study utilizes data on more than eight million contracts extracted from the official procurement database of the government. Data on companies are assembled with regard to the registered capital, industry, software products, and patents in 1990-2021 from the Tianyancha website. A panel data is established with key characteristics of SMEs, software and patents outputs, and their record on obtaining different government contracts annually. The government contracts are divided into three categories, namely, data analysis, platform building, and equipment supply, based on keyword identifications. To deal with the unbalance between the treatment group (the companies that obtained government contracts) and the control group, we use propensity score matching (one-to-one nearest neighbor matching) to narrow down the sample size of the control group to that of the treatment group. Then we apply the traditional difference-in-difference (DID) and DID with multiple time periods (Callaway & Sant’Anna, 2021) methods to examine whether there are significant differences in innovative outputs of software products and patents before and after the companies receive government contracts. We also compare how the innovation performance of companies differs based on the types of contracts these companies obtain. That makes it possible to identify what kinds of data collaboration would be effective in improving the innovative performance of SMEs.</p> <p>Our preliminary analysis of average treatment effect suggests that obtaining the government contracts, especially research contracts and platform building type of contracts, can effectively help improve the innovation performance when comparing between the control and treatment group. After checking the common support graph and doing a balance test, the outcome is solid. In general, based on the average treatment effect on the treated group, innovation performance, as measured by the number of patents and software productions, has shown a significant increase for those companies that obtain a research type of contract, whereas the increase is smaller for the platform building contractor and slight for the equipment purchase contractor. Government purchase of equipment that contains data-intensive technologies promotes the use of these products in smart cities. That, however, does not involve any substantive exchange or transfer of data possessed by the government and would not significantly contribute to stimulating innovation at firms.</p> <p>This study will have useful implications for establishing public-private collaboration on data for facilitating innovation in smart cities. Specifically, government procurement should also be viewed as a policy tool for improving China's technological innovation. According to our findings, research and platform development can successfully assist firms in improving their innovation performance. As a result, the government should grant enterprises access to additional data resources and data management related tasks if they want to see more industry structural transformation, as stated in the government documents.</p> <p> </p> <p>References</p> <p>Allam, Z. and Z. A. Dhunny (2019). "On big data, artificial intelligence and smart cities."</p> <p><em>Cities</em>, <strong>89</strong>, 80-91.</p> <p>Beraja, Martin, David Y. Yang, and Noam Yuchtman (2022). "Data-intensive Innovation and the State: Evidence from AI Firms in China." Working Paper, January 11.</p> <p>Bresciani, S., A. Ferraris, and M. Del Giudice (2018). "The management of organizational ambidexterity through alliances in a new context of analysis: Internet of Things (IoT) smart city projects." <em>Technological Forecasting and Social Change</em>, <strong>136</strong>, 331-338.</p> <p>Callaway, B., & Sant’Anna, P. H. (2021). Difference-in-differences with multiple time. periods. Journal of Econometrics, 225(2), 200-230.</p> <p>Cockburn, Ian M., Rebecca Henderson, and Scott Stern (2019). "The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Innovation: An Exploratory Analysis," Agrawal, Ajay, Joshua Gans, and Avi Goldfarb, eds. <em>The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: An Agenda</em>. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.</p> <p>Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (2016). "The "Plan for Promoting the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (2016-2020)" was officially released, and promoting entrepreneurship and innovation will become a key task." Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China, June 28.</p>
Paradoxical risk mitigation behavior in private households
<p>Abstract</p> <p>More than 40% of registered foodborne outbreaks can be attributed to unsafe food handling practices in private households (World Health Organization (WHO), 2016). Although households represent the final stage of the food chain (where mitigation of food safety risks would be vital), consumers generally do not consider themselves to be a responsible actor in this respect (Taché & Carpentier, 2014). Poor hygiene and food handling practices are among the major risk factors for household-related <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/food-borne-disease">foodborne illnesses</a>, specifically cross-contamination and inefficient handwashing. In this work, we present two studies in which we analyzed hygiene and safety aspects of the poultry handling habits of consumers. Study 1 was an in-home behavior observation study involving 15 households. Besides inefficient handwashing, washing of poultry meat in the sink was the most problematic behavior. <em>Salmonella</em> and/or <em>Campylobacter</em> spp. were detected in 47% of meat samples taken during the home visits. Study 2 was a nationally representative household survey (<em>N</em> = 1007). 83% of the respondents reported that they washed poultry meat before food preparation. Based on patterns of poultry washing practices, knowledge about and interest in food safety, and worries about the safety of homemade dishes, five clusters of consumers were identified. Only one of these clusters had a significantly reduced tendency to wash poultry before preparation. The results indicate that, paradoxically, the more the conscious consumers are of microbiological hazards, the more likely they are to wash their poultry: most consumers believe that washing poultry before preparation is good hygiene practice and are not aware of cross-contamination risk.</p>
Dataset (n=1671) of the publication "Engaging small-scale private forest owners for transformative change towards integrative conservation"
<p>The excel file contains the replies of small-scale private forest owners in Lower Saxony, Germany, to certain questions of a survey analyzed within the following publication: “Engaging small-scale private forest owners for transformative change towards integrative conservation” .<br> <br> The questions and responses included in this dataset cover their objectives, management activities, perspectives, and forest stand structures. Further details are provided in the second sheet of the file called “Code explanation”.<br> <br> More information about the methods of data collection can be found in the before-mentioned publication.</p>
The Effect of an Education Module to Reduce Weight Bias Among Healthcare Professionals in a Private Hospital Setting
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04741113. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Alive & Thrive Nigeria Breastfeeding Promotion in Urban Private Facilities Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04835051. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Medical-economic Evaluation Comparing Intensive Outpatient Monitoring of Neuro-cardiovascular Diseases by Nurses, Doctors and Hospital and Private-sector Pharmacists, Compared to Usual Monitoring.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04188457. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Increasing Notifications of Tuberculosis From Private Practitioners
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04187313. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.