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Fig. 14 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus

Fig. 14. Morphometric variation and discrimination of Northern group species in Bujurquina Kullander, 1986 from the western Amazon river basin based on morphometric proportional values of SL in PCA based on specimens ≥ 60 mm SL. Colors represent individual species. Note main separation along PC1 which also corresponds to two main ecomorphs (lotic and lentic). Note that B. omagua sp. nov. is separated from these geographically closest species by its large head. Note that B. zamorensis (Regan, 1905) is the most lotic and B. syspilus (Cope, 1872) the most lentic species identified by the analysis.

Fig. 12 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus

Fig. 12. Lower portions of Sabalillo and Oran streams with muddy water with a blackish tinge (June 2018). Bujurquina omagua sp. nov. was not encountered in these habitats, which are typical for B. syspilus (Cope, 1872) in this area (see Fig. 13). A. Quebrada Sabalillo close to mouth into Amazon River. B. Oran creek at mouth of P18-21.

Fig. 13 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus

Fig. 13. Distribution of Bujurquina omagua sp. nov. and parapatric species in the so far whole known area close to Oran village, District Las Amazonas, Maynas Province, Department Loreto, Perú.

Fig. 10 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus

Fig. 10. Bujurquina omagua sp. nov., paratype (MUSM 70222, P18-16_1185, 79.9 mm), lower pharyngeal tooth plate in occlusal view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 8 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus

Fig. 8. Bujurquina omagua sp. nov., color photos of preserved specimens. A. Holotype (MUSM 70225, ID tag 1189), 97.4 mm. B. Paratype (MUSM 70226, P18-17_1190), 98.9 mm.

Fig. 5 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus

Fig. 5. Detailed photographs of the spinous portion of the dorsal fin of species of Bujurquina Kullander, 1986 in the Northern group (see Figs 1 and 4). Note two main types of patterning of the dorsal fin, a blotched patterning vs lines in the spinous portion of the dorsal fin. Note additional differences in patterning of the spinous portion of the dorsal fin between the species, such as different numbers of lines per membrane, their thickness or angle. Also note differences in the coloration of the dorsal fin lappets between some of the species.

Fig. 6 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus

Fig. 6. Bujurquina omaguasp. nov., holotype (MUSM 70225), 97.4 mm, ID tag 1189, Quebrada Sabalillo, cabeceras upper loc. P18-17 (3°27´08.4˝ S, 72°29´11.8˝ W). A. Left side. B. Right side reversed.

Fig. 2 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus

Fig. 2. Representative live specimens of the valid species of Bujurquina Kullander, 1986 (plus B. sp. Bolivia) in the Southern group (no photo of a live specimen of B. cordemadi Kullander, 1986 is available and we are not aware that the species has ever been reliably identified and photographed alive).

Fig. 7 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus

Fig. 7. Bujurquina omagua sp. nov., paratypes. A. MUSM 70223, P18-16_1186, 92.6 mm. B. MUSM 70222, P18-16_1185, 79.9 mm. C. MUSM 70221, P18-15_1182, 78.7 mm. D. MUSM 70226, P18- 17_1190, 98.9 mm. E. MUSM 70229, P18-21_1200. F. MUSM 70227, P18-17_1191, 69.7 mm. G. MUSM 70228, P18-17_1192, 77.1 mm.

Fig. 1 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus

Fig. 1. Distribution and the two main groups of species of Bujurquina Kullander, 1986. Shown with red dotted lines are main geographic drainage basin divides (structural arches) of the western Amazon. Red arrows show the two main subducting ridges responsible for the origin of the formation of the structural arches of the western Amazon. All species were included in morphological analyses, species with an asterisk were also available for molecular analyses. Stars denote type localities for valid species.

Fig. 4 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus

Fig. 4. Representative live specimens of the valid species of Bujurquina Kullander, 1986 in the Northern group including the newly described species B. omagua sp. nov.

Fig. 3 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus

Fig. 3. Detailed photographs of the spinous portion of the dorsal fin of species of Bujurquina Kullander, 1986 in the Southern group (see Figs 1–2). Note lack of patterning as opposed to various types of ornamentation in species of the Northern group. Note differences in the coloration of the dorsal fin lappets between some of the species, e.g., red-orange, vs white vs black.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Energetic Valorisation of Saltworks Bitterns via Reverse Electrodialysis: A Laboratory Experimental Campaign

Concentrated bitterns discharged from saltworks have extremely high salinity, often up to 300 g/L, thus their direct disposal not only has a harmful effect on the environment, but also generates a depletion of a potential resource of renewable energy. Here, reverse electrodialysis (RED), an emerging electrochemical membrane process, is proposed to capture and convert the salinity gradient power (SGP) intrinsically conveyed by these bitterns also aiming at the reduction of concentrated salty water disposal. A laboratory-scale RED unit has been adopted to study the SGP potential of such brines, testing ion exchange membranes from different suppliers and un-der different operating conditions. Membranes supplied by Fujifilm, Fumatech, and Suez were tested, and the results were compared. The unit was fed with synthetic hypersaline solution mimicking the concentration of natural bitterns (5 mol/L of NaCl) on one side, and with variable concentration of NaCl dilute solutions (0.01–0.1 mol/L) on the other. The influence of several op-erating parameters has also been assessed, including solutions flowrate and temperature. In-creasing feed solutions’ temperature and velocity has been found to lower the stack resistance, which enhances the output performance of the RED stack. The maximum obtained power density (corrected to account for the effect of electrodic compartments, which can be very relevant in five cell pairs laboratory stacks) reached around 10.5 W/m2cellpair, with FUJIFILM Type 10 membranes, temperature of 40 °C, and a fluid velocity of 3 cm s−1 (as empty channel, considering 270 m thickness). Notably, the present study results confirm the large potential for SGP generation from hypersaline brines, thus providing useful guidance for the harvesting of SGP in seawater saltworks all around the world.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

Female lizards (Eremias argus) reverse Bergmann's rule across altitude

The evolution of body size within and among species is predicted to be influenced by multifarious environmental factors. However, the specific drivers of body size variation have remained difficult to understand because of the wide range of proximate factors that covary with ectotherm body sizes across populations with varying local environmental conditions. Here, we used female Eremias argus lizards collected from different populations across their wide range in China and constructed linear mixed models to assess how climatic conditions and/or available resources at different altitudes shape the geographical patterns of lizard body size across altitude. Lizard populations showed significant differences in body size across altitudes. Furthermore, we found that climatic and seasonal changes along the altitudinal gradient also explained variations in body size among populations. Specifically, body size decreased with colder and drier environmental conditions at high altitudes, reversing Bergmann's rule. Limited resources at high altitudes, measured by the low vegetative index, may also constrain body size. Therefore, our study demonstrates that multifarious environmental factors could strongly influence the intraspecific variation in organisms' body size.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Data for "Reversal learning of visual cues in Heliconiini butterflies"

Here I provide the data and R code used in the analyses included in the paper "Reversal learning of visual cues in Heliconiini butterflies".

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Data for: Probing visual sensitivity and attention in mice using reverse correlation

Visual attention allows the brain to evoke behaviors based on the most important visual features. Mouse models offer immense potential to gain a circuit-level understanding of this phenomenon, yet, how mice distribute attention across features and locations is not well understood. Here, we describe a new approach to address this limitation, by training mice to detect weak vertical bars in a background of checkerboard noise while spatial cues manipulated their attention. By adapting a reverse correlation method from human studies, we linked behavioral decisions to stimulus features and locations. We show that mice voluntarily deploy attention to a small rostral region of the visual field. Within this region, mice attended to multiple features (orientation, spatial frequency, contrast) that indicated the presence of weak vertical bars. This attentional tuning grew with training, multiplicatively scaled behavioral sensitivity, approached that of an ideal observer, and resembled the effects of attention in humans. Taken together, we demonstrate that mice can simultaneously attend to multiple features and locations of a visual stimulus.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

High-temperature stress induces bacteria-specific adverse and reversible effects on Ulva (Chlorophyta) growth and its chemosphere in a reductionist model system

This dataset contains raw files from a mass spectrometric analysis of the exo-metabolome of the green macroalga Ulva mutabilis (Chlorophyta).

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Data from: Reverse plasticity underlies rapid evolution by clonal selection within populations of fibroblasts propagated on a novel soft substrate

Mechanical properties such as substrate stiffness are a ubiquitous feature of a cell's environment. Many types of animal cells exhibit canonical phenotypic plasticity when grown on substrates of differing stiffness, in vitro and in vivo. Whether such plasticity is a multivariate optimum due to hundreds of millions of years of animal evolution, or instead is a compromise between conflicting selective demands, is unknown. We addressed these questions by means of experimental evolution of populations of mouse fibroblasts propagated for approximately 90 cell generations on soft or stiff substrates. The ancestral cells grow twice as fast on stiff substrate as on soft substrate and exhibit the canonical phenotypic plasticity. Soft-selected lines derived from a genetically diverse ancestral population increased growth rate on soft substrate to the ancestral level on stiff substrate and evolved the same multivariate phenotype. The pattern of plasticity in the soft-selected lines was opposite of the ancestral pattern, suggesting that reverse plasticity underlies the observed rapid evolution. Conversely, growth rate and phenotypes did not change in selected lines derived from clonal cells. Overall, our results suggest that the changes were the result of genetic evolution and not phenotypic plasticity per se. Whole-transcriptome analysis revealed consistent differentiation between ancestral and soft-selected populations, and that both emergent phenotypes and gene expression tended to revert in the soft-selected lines. However, the selected populations appear to have achieved the same phenotypic outcome by means of at least two distinct transcriptional architectures related to mechanotransduction and proliferation.

publicJun 2022View details →

Data from: Population genomics reveals multiple drivers of population differentiation in a sex-role-reversed pipefish

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