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370 results for “seasonal variations”
Seasonal Variation of Thermospheric Composition Observed by NASA GOLD
We examine characteristics of the seasonal variation of thermospheric composition using column number density ratio ∑O/N2 observed by the NASA Global Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission from low-mid to mid-high latitudes. We found that the ∑O/N2 seasonal variation is hemispherically asymmetric: in the southern hemisphere, it exhibits the well-known annual and seminal pattern, with highs near the equinoxes, and primary and secondary lows near the solstices. In the northern hemisphere, it is dominated by an annual variation, with a minor semiannual component with the highs shifting towards the wintertime. We also found that the durations of the December and June solstice seasons in terms of thermospheric composition are highly variable with longitude. Our hypothesis is that ion-neutral collisional heating in the equatorial ionization anomaly region and auroral Joule heating play substantial roles in this longitudinal dependency.
Geographic, seasonal and ontogenetic variations of δ15N and δ13C of Japanese sardine explained by baseline variations and diverse fish movements
<p><span>Understanding and predicting variability in the stable isotope ratios of nitrogen and carbon (δ15N and δ13C, respectively) of small pelagic fish is crucial to enable isotopic studies of a variety of marine predators that feed on them. However, because the isotope ratios reflect plastic feeding habits and fish migration in addition to baseline variation, their predictions require a mechanistic understanding of how each factor contributes. Here, we investigated the habitat-wide variability of δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C of the Japanese sardine <em>Sardinops melanostictus</em> in the western North Pacific and its marginal seas (the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan). By combining this with the archived particulate organic matter (POM) dataset as a baseline, we aimed to understand how ecological processes and baseline fluctuations affect isotope ratios of the sardine. Both δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C of sardine showed significant geographical and seasonal trends, with higher values in southern nearshore areas, including the Seto Inland Sea, intermediate values in marginal seas and lower values in Pacific offshore areas. As the variations were largely consistent with the geographic and temporally integrated seasonal trends of isotope ratios of POM, respectively, the baseline variations are the main determinant of sardine isotope composition. The trophic levels of sardine are therefore not significantly different between regions, with possible minor increases in the southern nearshore area. Adults showed less geographic variation than larvae and juveniles, likely due to slower turnover periods and wider migration ranges. Although larval and juvenile isotope ratios in marginal seas mostly reflected the local baseline, those in the Pacific offshore often reflected the baseline in the neighbouring southern region, suggesting contrasting juvenile movements between regions. Our results suggest that the δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C of Japanese sardine strongly reflect baseline variations, but can also be influenced by life-stage- and region-dependent fish movements, thereby demonstrating both the possibility and difficulty of mechanistically modelling the isoscapes of lower trophic level species.</span></p>
Magnolia Warbler (Setophaga magnolia) flight calls demonstrate individuality and variation by season and recording location
<p><span>Flight calls are short vocalizations frequently associated with migratory behavior that may maintain group structure, signal individual identity, and facilitate intra- and interspecific communication. In this study, Magnolia Warbler (<em>Setophaga magnolia</em>) flight call characteristics varied significantly by season and recording location, but not age or sex, and an individual's flight calls were significantly more similar to one another than to calls of other individuals. To determine if flight calls encode traits of the signaling individual during migration, we analyzed acoustic characteristics of the calls from the nocturnally migrating Magnolia Warbler. Specifically, we analyzed calls recorded from temporarily captured birds across the northeastern United States, including Appledore Island in Maine, Braddock Bay Bird Observatory in New York, and Powdermill Avian Research Center in Pennsylvania to quantify variation attributable to individual identity, sex, age, seasonality, and recording location. Overall, our findings suggest that Magnolia Warbler flight calls may show meaningful individual variation and exhibit previously undescribed spatiotemporal variation, providing a basis for future research.</span></p>
Data from: Geographic and seasonal variation of the for gene reveal signatures of local adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster
<p>In the early 1980s, the observation that <em>Drosophila melanogaster </em>larvae differed in their foraging behavior laid the foundation for the work that would later lead to the discovery of the foraging gene (<em>for</em>) and its associated foraging phenotypes, rover and sitter. Since then, the molecular characterization of the <em>for</em> gene and our understanding of the mechanisms that maintain its phenotypic variants in the laboratory have progressed enormously. However, the significance and dynamics of such variation are yet to be investigated in nature. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, it is now possible to identify loci underlying adaptation of populations in response to environmental variation. Here, I present results of a genotype-environment association analysis that quantifies variation at the <em>for</em> gene among samples of <em>D. melanogaster</em> structured across space and time. These samples consist of published genomes of adult flies collected worldwide, and at least twice per site of collection (during spring and fall). Both an analysis of genetic differentiation based on Fst values, and an analysis of population structure revealed an east-west gradient in allele frequency. This gradient may be the result of spatially varying selection driven by the seasonality of precipitation. These results support the hypothesis that different patterns of gene flow as expected under models of isolation by distance and potentially isolation by environment are driving genetic differentiation among populations. Overall, this study is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying the evolution of foraging behavior in <em>D. melanogaster</em>.</p>
Data for: Assessing the Impacts of Falling Ice Radiative Effects on the Seasonal Variation of Land Surface Properties
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Camera traps reveal seasonal variation in activity and occupancy of the Alpine mountain hare (Lepus timidus varronis)
<p>Mountain hare is a cold-adapted species threatened by climate change, but despite its emblematic nature, our understanding of the causes of population decline remains limited. Camera traps are increasingly used in ecology as a tool for monitoring animal populations at large spatial and temporal scales. In mountain environments where field work is constrained by difficult access and harsh conditions, camera traps constitute a promising tool for surveying rare and elusive species such as the mountain hare. Our study explored the use of camera traps as a tool for studying seasonal habitat occupancy and daily activity patterns of the mountain hare, in order to carry out long-term monitoring of populations. We installed 46 camera traps along elevation gradients in the Mont-Blanc massif (France) from January 2018 to June 2022. We measured habitat variables at each camera trap site in order to define vegetation composition and habitat structure. We performed multi-season and single-season occupancy models to respectively describe habitat occupancy of the mountain hare throughout the year and identify the environmental variables influencing mountain hare presence during the breeding season. Mountain hares occupy coniferous forest in winter, and then switch to mixed areas of shrubland and grassland above treeline in spring and the beginning of summer. In spring, occupancy probability of the mountain hare increases with relative cover of mixed low shrub and herbaceous layer (i.e. the 10-40 cm vegetation layer), suggesting a link to food resources and protection from predation. Our results also confirm the nocturnal and crepuscular activity of the mountain hare during the breeding season, and strictly nocturnal activity in winter. Our results demonstrate the efficiency of camera traps as tools for monitoring mountain hare habitat occupancy in mountain environments and underline the importance of diverse habitat mosaics for the preservation of the species.</p>
Fig. 1. Tick species and the total monthly tick numbers collected during the 5 in Seasonal variations in ixodid tick populations on a commercial game farm in the Limpopo Province, South Africa
Fig. 1. Tick species and the total monthly tick numbers collected during the 5-year study period.
Fig. 4 in Seasonal Variation (Winter Vs. Summer) Crustacean Fauna Of The Oualidia Lagoon, Morocco
Fig. 4. Canonical correspondence analysis plots: A — winter; B — summer.
Fig. 1 in Seasonal Variation (Winter Vs. Summer) Crustacean Fauna Of The Oualidia Lagoon, Morocco
Fig. 1. Location map of the study area and sampling sites in the Oualidia lagoon.
Dataset for "Diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variations in δ(18O) of atmospheric O2 and its application to evaluate natural/anthropogenic changes in oxygen, carbon, and water cycles" by Ishidoya et al.
<p>The dataset used in the paper "Diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variations in δ(18O) of atmospheric O2 and its application to evaluate natural/anthropogenic changes in oxygen, carbon, and water cycles" by Ishidoya et al. The doi of the preprint of the paper is https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-654. The dataset contains the diurnal cycles of delta_atm(18O), delta(O2/N2), y(CO2), and delta(Ar/N2) at Tsukuba, Japan averaged for the period 2013-2022 ("data_for_Fig4.csv"), the rolling average values of delta_atm(18O) and delta(O2/N2) anomalies for 300 data at TKB during August and February, 2017 ("data_for_Fig6.csv"), and the monthly mean values of delta_atm(18O) and the delta(O2/N2) at TKB for the period 2013-2022("data_for_Fig7.csv"). The raw data before averaging are also presented ("raw_data_2013.csv" to "raw_data_2022.csv"). See text of Ishidoya et al. in more details. </p> <p> </p>
Data and code for articles on the seasonal variation of the DC global electric circuit
<p>In this repository you can find the measurement and modelling data, the research code, and a comprehensive description of the code developed for two papers on the seasonal variation of the DC global electric circuit.</p> <p>First paper (<strong>Part 1: A new analysis based on long-term measurements in Antarctica</strong>) focuses on the seasonal variation of the global electric circuit (GEC) based on electric field measurements at the Vostok station in Antarctica during 2006–2020.</p> <p>Second paper (<strong>Part 2: Further analysis based on simulations</strong>) further analyses the seasonal variation of the GEC on the basis of simulations with models of atmospheric dynamics.</p> <p>An extended description, including a brief overview of the script code and a description of the data files, is provided in the attached archive in the <code>readme.md</code> file.</p>
The Repository for the Manuscript "Temperature and Precipitation Dominate Seasonal Variations in Seismic Velocity and Attenuation in Deserts"
<p><strong><span>Overview</span></strong></p> <p><span>This dataset contains the essential code and data for calculating the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR), analyzing vehicle-generated seismic events, retrieving Q-values, and comparing them with meteorological data. It also includes waveform data from 20 seismic events.</span></p> <p><span>The seismic data originate from a temporary broadband seismic array deployed in the Tarim Basin, from July 2017 to October 2019 (Zuo et al., 2022). This dataset focuses on three seismic stations: T12, T52, and T23. Stations T12 and T23 recorded data from July 2017 to October 2019, while station T52 recorded from November 2018 to October 2019.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><strong><span>Code</span></strong></p> <p><span>The dataset includes Python scripts for calculating HVSR and retrieving Q-values. The HVSR calculation follows Li et al., (2023), while forward modeling is based on Antonio García-Jerez et al., (2016).</span></p> <p><span>The codes for Q-value estimation are stored in ‘Retrieving Q-value’ folder. The Q-value estimation process, demonstrated for station T12 in Jupyter Notebook, involves extracting single vehicle signals from continuous data, time-frequency spectrogram calculations, two-dimensional correlation coefficient of their time-frequency amplitude calculations, using hierarchical clustering algorithm to classify vehicle signals, vehicle speed estimation, and performing Q-value inversion.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><strong><span>Dataset </span></strong></p> <p><span>HVSR variations over time for three stations are calculated from continuous seismic recordings and are stored in the <em>‘HVSR’</em> folder under each station directory. </span></p> <p><span>Time-frequency spectrograms for Q-value estimation are stored in the <em>‘Spectrogram’</em> folder, with filenames indicating the record time of each vehicle signal. The Q-value is inverted using these signals, and for stability, we stacked every 100 individual results, which are stored in the 'Q-values' folder under the corresponding station name folder. Due to interference from wind and other sources, Q-value inversion using vehicle signals was unreliable for T23, so Q-values are only provided for T12 and T52.</span></p> <p><span>Meteorological data (temperature and soil water content) are stored in the <em>‘temperature’</em> and <em>‘soil water content’</em> folders under each station directory.</span></p> <p><span>Seismic event waveforms for 20 selected strong earthquakes are stored in the <em>‘events’</em> folder, with filenames indicating the start and end times of the events.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p>
Fig. 2 in Seasonal Variation In A Small-Mammal Assemblage In A Priority Site For Conservation In South-Central Chile
Fig. 2. Rodent capture rate (plus standard deviations) in the study
data for the paper "Role of Vertical Mixing in the Upper Ocean in the Seasonal Variation of Arctic Amplification" in 2nd round peer review
<p>Here are all data for the paper "Role of Vertical Mixing in the Upper Ocean in the Seasonal Variation of Arctic Amplification", which is still during its peer review period. </p>
Data from: Hierarchical variation in phenotypic flexibility across timescales and associated survival selection shape the dynamics of partial seasonal migration
<p>Population responses to environmental variation ultimately depend on within-individual and among-individual variation in labile phenotypic traits that affect fitness, and resulting episodes of selection. Yet, complex patterns of individual phenotypic variation arising within and between time periods, and associated variation in selection, have not been fully conceptualised or quantified. We highlight how structured patterns of phenotypic variation in dichotomous threshold traits can theoretically arise and experience varying forms of selection, shaping overall phenotypic dynamics. We then fit novel multistate models to ten years of band-resighting data from European shags to quantify phenotypic variation and selection in a key threshold trait underlying spatio-seasonal population dynamics: seasonal migration versus residence. First, we demonstrate substantial among-individual variation alongside substantial between-year individual repeatability in within-year phenotypic variation ('flexibility'), with weak sexual dimorphism. Second, we demonstrate that between-year individual variation in within-year phenotypes ('supraflexibility') is structured and directional, consistent with the threshold trait model. Third, we demonstrate strong survival selection on within-year phenotypes, and hence on flexibility, that varies across years and sexes, including episodes of disruptive selection representing costs of flexibility. By quantitatively combining these results, we show how supraflexibility and survival selection on migratory flexibility jointly shape population-wide phenotypic dynamics of seasonal movement.</p>
Seasonal variation in impact of non-native species on tropical seed dispersal networks
<p>Invasive non-native species can alter animal-mediated seed dispersal interactions and ultimately affect the stability of recipient communities. The degree of such disturbances, however, is highly variable and depends on several factors, two of which have received little attention: the relative timing of native and non-native fruiting phenologies, and the associated variation in relative resource availability across the fruiting period. Both are likely to alter plant-seed disperser interactions threatened by biological invasions. Here we investigated the impact of plant invasions on the seasonal dynamics of frugivory and seed dispersal networks across a large-scale experimental setup and a plant invasion gradient on a tropical island. We recorded fruit and frugivore abundances, and plant-frugivore interactions across 8 inselbergs (i.e. rocky outcrops) with different levels of plant invasion during 10 months on the island of Mahé, Seychelles. By combining four sampling methods of plant-frugivore interactions we constructed quantitative seed dispersal networks at all sites across two 5-month seasons: the on-peak and off-peak fruiting season. Our findings showed that, by fruiting mostly synchronously with natives, non-native plants compete with natives for dispersal services, predominantly carried out by native frugivores. Variation in native seed dispersal was driven by plant invasion and seasonality. Specifically, native seed dispersal declined with the degree of invasion; dispersal frequency increased with fruit abundance more strongly during the off-peak fruiting season; and networks became increasingly specialised during off-peak. These results indicated that during the main fruiting peak seed dispersal services were saturated, which likely intensified the competition between native and non-native fruits. When resources were scarce during off-peak fruiting season, native and non-native frugivores were more selective in their fruit choice at sites dominated by non-native plants. We showed that native plant and frugivore populations and native seed dispersal interactions were more vulnerable in invaded plant communities, where non-native plants compete with natives for dispersal services potentially reducing native recruitment. As invasive non-native plants dominate many ecosystems worldwide, particularly on islands, our findings showed that controlling plant invasions in vulnerable native communities can be critical to maintain native ecosystem functions and biodiversity.</p>
Differential effects of weather, plant phenology and predators on the seasonal variation of aphids on cabbage
<p>Raw field data of aphids and predator (Syrphid, spiders, and coccinellids) densities on cabbage, and weather data in two agroecological zones of Ghana, collected over two years for five cropping seasons. Data was collected on field-grown cabbage weekly after two weeks of transplanting, till when cabbages were matured. The destructive sampling method according to Hughes, 1963 was adopted by randomly sampling the third, fourth, and fifth expanded leaves of 20 randomly selected cabbage plants. Aphids and predators present were visually identified, counted, and recorded. </p>
Multidecadal Variation in the Seasonal Predictability of Winter PNA and Its Sources
<p>This directory contain the climate indices from CESM ensemble hindcasts during period 1900-2014 that are used for a manuscript ("Multidecadal Variation in the Seasonal Predictability of Winter PNA and Its Sources") submitted for Geophysical Research Letters.</p> <p>Description: </p> <p>The PNA index is defined by using the pointwise method , i.e., a linear combination of the normalized 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies (Z) at the four active centers: PNA = 1/4[Z(20°N, 160°W) – Z (45°N, 165°W) + Z (55°N, 115°W) – Z (30°N, 85°W)].The predicted seasonal mean PNA index is calculated based on the CESM monthly mean 500 hPa geopotential height prediction in December, January and February (DJF), i.e., with a 2-month lead time. The ensemble mean PNA index is the mean of 20 ensemble seasonal mean PNA indices. </p> <p>The predicted seasonal mean Niño 3.4 index is calculated as the area average of SSTA in the domain of 170°W-120°W, 5°S-5°N based on the CESM monthly mean SST in December, January and February (DJF), i.e., with a 2-month lead time. The linear signal of global warming is filtered out from the SSTA. The ensemble mean Niño index is the mean of 20 ensemble seasonal mean Niño 3.4 indices. </p> <p>The predicted seasonal mean PDO index is calculated as the time series associated with the first leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) pattern of the winter mean (DJF) North Pacific SSTA (north of 20°N) based on the CESM monthly mean SST in December, January and February (DJF), i.e., with a 2-month lead time. The linear signal of global warming is filtered out from the SSTA. The ensemble mean PDO index is the mean of 20 ensemble seasonal mean PDO indices.<br> </p>
Variations of the urban PM2.5 chemical components and corresponding light extinction for three heating seasons in the Guanzhong Plain, China
<p>The basic data of the thesis “Variations of the urban PM2.5 chemical components and corresponding light extinction for three heating seasons in the Guanzhong Plain, China”.</p>
Focal vs. faecal: Seasonal variation in the diet of wild vervet monkeys from observational and DNA metabarcoding data
<p>1. Assessing the diet of wild animals reveals valuable information about their ecology and trophic relationships that may help elucidate dynamic interactions in ecosystems and forecast responses to environmental changes.</p> <p>2. Advances in molecular biology provide valuable research tools in this field. However, comparative empirical research is still required to highlight strengths and potential biases of different approaches. Therefore, this study compares environmental DNA and observational methods for the same study population and sampling duration.</p> <p>3. We employed DNA metabarcoding assays targeting plant and arthropod diet items in 823 faecal samples collected over 12 months in a wild population of an omnivorous primate, the vervet monkey (<em>Chlorocebus pygerythrus</em>). DNA metabarcoding data were subsequently compared to direct observations.</p> <p>4. We observed the same seasonal patterns of plant consumption with both methods, however, DNA metabarcoding showed considerably greater taxonomic coverage and resolution compared to observations, mostly due to the construction of a local plant DNA database. We found a strong effect of season on variation in plant consumption largely shaped by the dry and wet seasons. The seasonal effect on arthropod consumption was weaker but feeding on arthropods was more frequent in spring and summer, showing overall that vervets adapt their diet according to available resources. The DNA metabarcoding assay outperformed also direct observations of arthropod consumption in both taxonomic coverage and resolution.</p> <p>5. Combining traditional techniques and DNA metabarcoding data can therefore not only provide enhanced assessments of complex diets or reveal trophic interactions to the benefit of wildlife conservationists and managers but also opens new perspectives for behavioural ecologists studying whether diet variation in social species is induced by environmental differences or might reflect selective foraging behaviours.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.