Find research datasets worth reusing

Seasonal streamflow hindcast data for the Upper Segura and Upper Tagus river basins

The datasets provided here have been produced as part of the IMPREX project for work package 11, task 2. The aim was to evaluate the performance of climate model-based seasonal hydrological forecasting system that is used to predict drought indices of the Segura River Basin and the Tajo-Segura Water transfer System. These indices rely on forecasted discharge values and describe the expected status of the water availability in both systems. Also, for the Tagus basin, the forecasts can be used to determine the amount of water transferred to the Segura river basin. The key involved stakeholder is the River Basin Authority of the Segura Basin that uses these drought indices for drought mitigation actions. This task developed and evaluated a forecasting system for these drought indices. The dataset - Pseudo_Obs_SPHY_Spain02_Output.csv include streamflow simulations for the Entrepenas and Buendia discharge stations located in the Upper Tagus basin, Spain in addition to the Fuensanta and Cenajo discharge stations located in the Segura river basin, Spain. Hydrological outputs are produced using The Spatial Processes in Hydrology (SPHY) model (Terink et al., 2015) forced by the Spain02 V4 meteorological dataset (Herrera et al., 2016) for the period 1979-2010. Please note however that there are known issues with the Spain02 dataset for the years 2007-2010 that affect this dataset. The dataset - SPHY_ECMWF_S5_Output.csv includes streamflow simulations for the same locations using the SPHY model albeit forced with the ECMWF SEAS5 hindcast data for the period 1981-2010. The column “LD” represents lead month where the first month of hindcasts is signaled as 1, second as 2 and third as 3. The “Ens” column refers to the individual ensemble members as 25 in total are used for this setup.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Data from: Carbon and Water Balances in a Watermelon Crop Mulched with Biodegradable Films in Mediterranean Conditions at Extended Growth Season Scale

Abstract The uploaded data are relative to the investigation around (i) the carbon source/sink nature and, further, (ii) the water and carbon balances, of a drip-irrigated and mulched watermelon. The crop was cultivated under the semi-arid climate of the Apulia region, in south Italy. The used mulching films were biodegradable as indicate by the producer; plants and some non-standard fruits were left on the soil as green manure after harvesting, thus, the experiment spanned from planting to the subsequent crop (6 months of continuous measurement from June to November 2023). The results detailed in the original publication indicate that mulching films contribute to carbon sequestration in the soil (+19.3 gC m−2). However, this mulched watermelon represents a net carbon source, with a net biome exchange, as loss from ecosystems, equal to +230 gC m−2. This is primarily due to the substantial amount of carbon exported through marketable fruits. Fixed water scheduling led to water waste through deep percolation (approximately 1/6 of the water supplied), which also contributed to the loss of organic carbon via leaching (−4.3 gC m−2).   Methods Site and crop The field site was at the CREA-AA Research Unit experimental farm located in southern Italy (Rutigliano–Bari, 41 01’ N, 17°01’ E, altitude 147 m a.s.l.)., characterized by a Mediterranean semi-arid climate (average annual rainfall of 535 mm). The soil is classified as Lithic Rhodoxeralf, with a clay texture, stable structure, shallow profile (0.6–1.1 m) and rapid drainage due to an underlying cracked limestone subsoil. The SOC content averages around 12.0 g kg−1. The field capacity and the permanent wilting point volumetric water contents are 0.36 and 0.21 m3 m−3, respectively; with a bulk density of 1.15 Mg m−3, the available soil water ranges from 80 to 140 mm. The studied watermelon crop (seedless var. Lion king), followed a broccoli cabbage crop harvested in April and partially incorporated (0.81 kg m−2 of fresh biomass in a soil layer depth of 0.30 m, corresponding to 0.69 kgH2O m−2) as green manure on 25 May 2023. Main tillage at medium depth ploughing (0.30 m) and seedbed preparation were performed between 25 and 30 May 2023; the biodegradable film mulch (model PC 100 d8, BASF, Italy, 1 m width) was applied on 1 June 2023. On the same day, driplines (2.1 Lh−1 emitters, 0.60 m apart) and the main organic fertilization (Orga-Kem 6.11.8 + 11CaO, 300 kg ha−1) were also applied. The watermelon plants were transplanted on 9 June at a spacing of 2.70 m between rows and 1 m between plants, covering an area of about 4.0 ha, with a density of approximately 3200 plants ha−1. Every 6 rows, the inter-row distance was 5 m to facilitate machinery passage. The first irrigation was performed the day before planting. Crop management adhered to the usual treatments in the area including mechanical weed removal every 4 weeks, irrigation around three times per week to maintain optimal soil water conditions and monthly fertigation (ammonium sulphate 50 kg ha−1, magnesium nitrate 30 kg ha−1, calcium nitrate 60 kg ha−1, mycorrhizae 20 kg ha−1). The scalar harvest of marketable fruits occurred between 28 and 31 August 2023. After harvesting, on 25 September 2023, the fresh plant residues (0.6 kg m−2 of fresh biomass, corresponding to 0.49 kgH2O m−2), unharvested fruits (4.0 kg m−2 of fresh material, corresponding to 3.7 kgH2O m−2) and the mulching film were chopped by a tractor shredder and ploughed in two steps, on 2 and 13 October 2023, to a soil depth of 0.30 m. Measurements concluded at the end of November 2023, when tillage for the new winter crop commenced.   Measurements of H2O and CO2 fluxes; partitioning in evaporation, transpiration, photosynthesis and respiration The eddy covariance technique was employed to monitor water vapor (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes. The equipment comprised a three-dimensional sonic anemometer (uSonic 3 Scientific, Metek GmbH, 25337 Elmshorn, Germany) and a fast response open-path infrared gas analyzer (LI-7500, Li-COR Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA). The three wind components, sonic temperature and atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and H2O were continuously measured at 1.5 m above the crop canopy, with the sensor height adjusted to follow crop growth, reaching a maximum of 1.75 m. Data were recorded at a frequency of 10 Hz on a dedicated computer using the MeteoFlux software (Servizi Territorio, S.n.c., Cinisello Balsamo, Italy) and were stored on an hourly scale. Post-processing and computation of hourly fluxes of H2O (mmol m−2 s−1) and CO2 (μmol m−2 s−1) were conducted using EddyPro software, v7.0.9 (<a href="http://www.licor.com/eddypro">http://www.licor.com/eddypro</a>), applying 60 min block averaging, double coordinate rotation, the statistical test, the maximum cross-covariance method, and the WPL density correction. H2O and CO2 fluxes were partitioned into transpiration, evaporation, photosynthesis and respiration, respectively, using the flux variance similarity method. This method utilizes the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory to separate stomatal (photosynthesis, Fp, and transpiration, Ft) from non-stomatal (respiration, Fr, and evaporation, Fe) processes (Palatella et al., 2014). the H2O and CO2 EC fluxes were partitioned using an adaptation of the code in Phyton provided by (Skaggs et al., 2018) and downloaded from  <a href="https://github.com/usda-arsussl/fluxpart">https://github.com/usda-arsussl/fluxpart</a> (V0.2.10).

Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group F1.4 Seasonal upland streams

This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for F1.4 Seasonal upland streams, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith et al. (2020) for details. The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).

Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group F1.5 Seasonal lowland rivers

This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for F1.5 Seasonal lowland rivers, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith et al. (2020) for details. The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).

Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group F2.3 Seasonal freshwater lakes

This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for F2.3 Seasonal freshwater lakes, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith et al. (2020) for details. The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).

Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group TF1.4 Seasonal floodplain marshes

This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for TF1.4 Seasonal floodplain marshes, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith et al. (2020) for details. The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).

Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T3.1 Seasonally dry tropical shrublands

This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for T3.1 Seasonally dry tropical shrublands, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith et al. (2020) for details. The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).

Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T3.2 Seasonally dry temperate heath and shrublands

This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for T3.2 Seasonally dry temperate heath and shrublands, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith et al. (2020) for details. The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Surface water and flooding dynamics based on seasonally continuous Landsat data (1986-2011) in a dryland river basin (monthly, seasonally, and yearly animations)

The animations provided here are part of the following publication: Tulbure, M.G. and M. Broich (2018). Spatiotemporal patterns and effects of climate and land use on surface water extent dynamics in a dryland region with three decades of Landsat satellite data. Science of the Total Environment. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718347466 Please refer to the above mentioned publication for a description of the data and interpretation of the patterns. The animations are based on statistically validated surface water and flooding extent dynamics data derived from seasonally continous Landsat TM/ETM+ and random forest models from 1986 to 2011 over Australia's Murray-Darling Basin. The overall accuracy was over 99% and producer's accuracy for water 87% +/- 3%.  The method is described in the following publication:  Tulbure, M.G., M. Broich, S.V. Stehman, A. Kommareddy. (2016). Surface water extent dynamics from three decades of seasonally continuous Landsat time series at subcontinental scale in a semi-arid region. Remote Sensing of Environment. 178: 142-157 and available here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425716300621

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Model output used in the manuscript "Seasonality in carbon flux attenuation explains spatial variability in transfer efficiency"

This *.zip file contains the model output from seasonal variability experiments using the NPZD-DOP GEOMAR biogeochemical model (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2010.05.002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kriest et al., 2010</a>) coupled with the MITgcm 2.8deg ocean circulation via the transport matrix method (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2004.04.002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Khatiwala et al., 2005</a>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GB002923" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Khatiwala, 2007</a>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1246300" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Khatiwala, 2018</a>). These model outputs are presented and discussed in the Preprint "Seasonality in carbon flux attenuation explains spatial variability in transfer efficiency", published by Geophysical Research Letters (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL107050" target="_blank" rel="noopener">de Melo Viríssimo et al., 2024</a>). The manuscript describes the experiments performed, the parameter values used and the modifications done to the original model. For this matter, we also refer you to <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007101" target="_blank" rel="noopener">de Melo Viríssimo et al. (2022)</a>. All files uploaded were generated from simulations run by the authors, except: the grid file, the salinity field, and the temperature field, which came with the model; and the density fields, who were computed from the MITgcm 2.8deg transport matrix by Dr Rafaelle Bernadello, using a TEOS-10 Matlab routine (<a href="http://www.teos-10.org/">http://www.teos-10.org/</a>). For specific information about each file uploaded, please refer to the README file. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me.

Amplitude of seasonal cycles of vegetation at global scale AVHRR

Using the AVHRR product provided by NOAA, the NDVI time series has been calculated, a periodogram has been made to study different factors that affect the periodicity of the vegetative cycles. In this case, the amplitude of the cycles.

Number of seasonal cycles of vegetation at global scale AVHRR

Stability of seasonal cycles of vegetation at global scale

openCC (other)Oct 2023View details →

Long-term species-level measurements of fall season aboveground net primary production in the Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME), Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, USA

Anticipated intensification of the North American Monsoon in the southwestern United States is predicted to shift growing season rainfall patterns, historically characterized by frequent small rain events, to a more extreme precipitation regime consisting of fewer, but larger rain events. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is also increasing throughout this dryland region as a result of anthropogenic activities. Alterations in rainfall size and frequency, along with changes in nitrogen availability, are likely to have significant consequences for aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and plant community dynamics in drylands, where ecological processes are limited by water and nitrogen availability. This data package accompanies an associated manuscript in which we used fourteen years (2007-2020) of growing season ANPP measurements from the long-term Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME), located in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, to investigate how changes in rainfall regimes, along with chronic nitrogen enrichment, impact ANPP in a northern Chihuahuan Desert grassland.

openCC (other)Jan 2026View details →

Thermal profiles in ponds and shallow lakes during summer to winter shoulder season

Autumn is an important transition time for freshwater ecosystems where many lakes turnover, going from thermally stratified to mixed in a short time. Ponds are more globally abundant than lakes, yet, the seasonal transition of ponds is poorly understood. To evaluate the mixing regimes of ponds, we examined summer into autumn thermal dynamics in 37 ponds and shallow lakes across temperate North America and Europe. This dataset provides a time series dataset of water temperatures across the water column along with characteristics of each study waterbody, including some physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Data from four waterbodies (Eddy, Tumbledown, Cranberry, Horns) have more extensive datasets published in Gavin et al. (2025). Gavin, A.L., J.E. Saros, R. Hovel, S. Birkel, S. Nelson, W.H. McDowell, and J. Daly. 2025. Sub-Alpine Lake (>600 m) High-Frequency Water Temperature, DOC (2007-2021), and Weather Station (Fall 2023) Dataset, Maine, USA. ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/6c6286abeccc90448af0f73251843407 (Accessed 2025-09-16).

openOpenJul 2021View details →

Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating and Drying Research (DryPEHR): Peak growing season aboveground biomass 2011-2017. (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)

This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/502/16. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This drying and warming experiment addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem drying, warming and permafrost thaw cause a net release or uptake of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool influence ecosystem C loss? 3) How do drying and warmign affect plant communities and ecosystem properties? We are answering these questions using a combined warming and drying experiment (DryPEHR), which is situated with the Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project and located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Warming treatment here refers to growing season air temperature warming (~1C) using open top chambers (OTC) combined with soil 'warming' using snow fences during the snow covered months. Drying is achieve using an automated pumping system that lowers the water table in the dry plots. Soil warming began in 2008; OTCs and drying in 2011. Above ground plant biomass was surveyed non-destructively using a point-intercept method for all vascular and moss species at peak growing season.

openCC (other)Jun 2019View details →

Greenhouse gas fluxes and concentrations and associated habitat data in western Dane County, Wisconsin, USA, streams during the 2018 growing season

Streams are often sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), particularly in agricultural regions where sediment and organic matter inputs can be substantial. Floods are occurring more often and more intensely in southern Wisconsin, one such agricultural region, due to climate change and few studies have investigated how floods impact stream CO2 and CH4 fluxes and concentrations. I compared concentrations and fluxes of CO2 and CH4 with greater than 30 variables representing in-stream and watershed attributes at 10 sites in mixed agricultural and suburban locations in southern Wisconsin. Sampling was conducted 10 times at each site during the growing season (May-November) in 2018

openOpenJul 2021View details →

Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating and Drying Research (DryPEHR): Peak growing season aboveground biomass 2011-2017. (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)

This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/264/3, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/502/16. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This drying and warming experiment addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem drying, warming and permafrost thaw cause a net release or uptake of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool influence ecosystem C loss? 3) How do drying and warmign affect plant communities and ecosystem properties? We are answering these questions using a combined warming and drying experiment (DryPEHR), which is situated with the Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project and located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Warming treatment here refers to growing season air temperature warming (~1C) using open top chambers (OTC) combined with soil 'warming' using snow fences during the snow covered months. Drying is achieve using an automated pumping system that lowers the water table in the dry plots. Soil warming began in 2008; OTCs and drying in 2011. Above ground plant biomass was surveyed non-destructively using a point-intercept method for all vascular and moss species at peak growing season.

openCC0Aug 2021View details →

2017 seasonal high frequency monitoring of Upper Clark Fork River (Montana, USA) dissolved carbon dioxide, pH, and electrical conductivity

These data were collected by the University of Montana and Montana State University to support the Upper Clark Fork River restoration monitoring project supported by the US NSF Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB) program. The original analytical intent for these data was to assess the response of river metabolic regime to the floodplain restoration via inference of whole-ecosystem metabolism from the daily variation in carbon dioxide concentrations. Data are primarily measurements of dissolved carbon dioxide, pH, electrical conductivity, and temperature in well-mixed river thalweg water. Additional miscellaneous data were collected for quality control. Data are from late in the 2017 field season. Data were collected on the Upper Clark Fork River (USGS HUC 17010201) at the Galen and Racetrack sites northeast of Anaconda, Montana, USA. High frequency carbon dioxide and pH data were collected using field deployments SAMI sensors from Sunburst Sensors (Missoula, Montana, USA). Electrical conductivity data was collected with a HOBO sensor from Onset Computer Corporation (Bourne, Massachusetts, USA).