Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
151
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
151 results for “skull morphology”
Data from: Mosaic evolution of the skull in labrid fishes involves differences in both tempo and mode of morphological change
<p>Modularity is a ubiquitous feature of organismal design that plays an important role in structuring patterns of morphological diversification. Modularity can facilitate evolutionary changes by allowing subsets of traits to coevolve as integrated units and follow quasi-independent evolutionary trajectories, a pattern that may be particularly consequential in the case of highly complex morphological structures. Here we examine modularity in a complex and highly kinetic structure, the teleost skull, and ask if a modular organization of the skull has influenced the diversification dynamics of the shapes of its osteological components across the labrid phylogeny. We compiled one of the largest three-dimensional morphological datasets of fishes to date, and used geometric morphometrics to quantify patterns of cranial shape evolution across 184 species of wrasses (Labridae). We then tested several hypotheses of modularity inspired by functional and developmental relationships between cranial bones and compared phenotypic rates among modules. We also compared the fit of models of trait evolution for the entire skull and the various articulated bones that it comprises. Our analyses indicated strong support for a two-module hypothesis, one that encompasses the oral and pharyngeal jaws, and another module comprised of the neurocranium, hyoid apparatus and operculum. This functional hypothesis yielded one of the highest significant rate differentials across modules, yet we also found that the best-fitting models of trait evolution differed among skull bones. These results suggest that modularity can influence morphological diversification in complex biological structures via differences in both the tempo and mode of evolutionary change.</p>
Data from: Biogeographic variation in skull morphology across the Kra Isthmus in dusky leaf monkeys
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Multiple factors behind early diversification of skull morphology in the continental radiation of New World monkeys
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Skull morphology diverges between urban and rural populations of red foxes mirroring patterns of domestication and macroevolution
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Can body mass and skull morphology predict seed and fruit ingestion potential for mammal species? A test using extant species and its application to extinct species
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Mosaic evolution of the skull in labrid fishes involves differences in both tempo and mode of morphological change
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIG. 5 in Description of a new species of Cynodictis Bravard & Pomel, 1850 (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Quercy Phosphorites with comments on the use of skull morphology for phylogenetics
FIG. 5. — Cranium of Cynodictis exilis Teilhard de Chardin, 1915 (MNHN.F.Qu unnumbered) in dorsal view (A), lateral view (B) and ventral view (C). Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; ce, carnassial embrasure pit; csm, crista supramastoideus; enp, entopterygoid process; eo, exoccipital; fm, foramen magnum; fr, frontal; gf, glenoid fossa; lac, lacrimal; lacf, lacrimal foramen; M1, upper first molar; mp, mastoid process; mx, maxillary; nc, nuchal crest; oc, occipital condyle; P3, upper third premolar; P4, upper ultimate premolar; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; pgp, postglenoid process; pop, postorbital process of frontal; pp, paroccipital process; pr, promontorium of petrosal; pt, pterygoid; ptp, posttympanic process of squamosal; rt, foramen for ramus temporalis; sc, sagittal crest; sq, squamosal; tc, temporal crest; zpmx, zygomatic process of maxillary; zpsq, zygomatic process of squamosal. Scale bar: 10 mm.
FIG. 3 in Description of a new species of Cynodictis Bravard & Pomel, 1850 (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Quercy Phosphorites with comments on the use of skull morphology for phylogenetics
FIG. 3. — Right basicranium of Cynodictis peignei n. sp., MNHN.F.Qu9008, in ventral view. Abbreviations: acf, aperture of cochlear fossula; acrf, facet for anterior crus of ectotympanic; ats, sulcus for auditory tube; bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; cef, facet for caudal entotympanic; ci, crista interfenestralis; dpn, foramen for deep petrosal nerve; eam, roof of external acoustic meatus; eo, exoccipital; er, epitympanic recess; fv, fenestra vestibuli; hf, hypoglossal foramen; jf, jugular foramen; mhf, facet for mallear hook of rostral process; mp, mastoid process; ms, mastoid shelf; oc, occipital condyle; pcrf, facet for posterior crus of ectotympanic; pf, piriform fenestra; pgf, postglenoid foramen; pgp, postglenoid process; pp, paroccipital process; pr, promontorium; ptp, posttympanic process of squamosal; rtpp, rostral tympanic process of petrosal; sf, stapedius fossa; sq, squamosal; tpbs, tympanic process of basisphenoid; ttf, tensor tympani fossa. Scale bar: 10 mm.
FIG. 1 in Description of a new species of Cynodictis Bravard & Pomel, 1850 (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Quercy Phosphorites with comments on the use of skull morphology for phylogenetics
FIG. 1. — Schematic representation of cranial measurements on the dog cranium (Canis lupus, modified from Evans 1993) in lateral (top) and ventral (bottom) views. These measurements were taken on the cranium of each specimen of Cynodictis Bravard & Pomel, 1850 studied here. The length of the snout is measured from the anterior edge of the orbit to the anterior of the canine. The width is measured from the anterior edge of one P4 to the other. The height is measured from the frontal-nasal junction on the midline to the palatine. The length of the neurocranium is measured from the inner-most edge of the temporal fossa to the maximum posterior point in strict lateral view. The width is measured between the supramastoid crista processes. The height is measured from the dorsal-most point to the ventral-most point. The total length of the cranium, as well as the length from the occiput to the orbit are also measured. Abbreviations: H, height; L, length; N, neurocranium; OoL, occiput to orbit length; S, snout; SKL, skull length; W, width.
FIG. 6 in Description of a new species of Cynodictis Bravard & Pomel, 1850 (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Quercy Phosphorites with comments on the use of skull morphology for phylogenetics
FIG. 6. — Cranium of Cynodictis lacustris Gervais, 1852 (MNHN.F.Qu17502) in dorsal view (A), lateral view (B) and ventral view (C). Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; ce, carnassial embrasure pit; csm, crista supramastoideus; enp, entopterygoid process; eo, exoccipital; fm, foramen magnum; fr, frontal; iof, infraorbital foramen; ju, jugal; lac, lacrimal; lacf, lacrimal foramen; mpfr, maxillary process of frontal; mp, mastoid process; mx, maxillary; na, nasal; nc, nuchal crest; oc, occipital condyle; P1, upper first premolar; P2, upper second premolar; P3, upper third premolar; P4, upper ultimate premolar; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; pgp, postglenoid process; pop, postorbital process of frontal; pp, paroccipital process; pr, promontorium of petrosal; ps, presphenoid; pt, pterygoid; ptp, posttympanic process of squamosal; rt, foramen for ramus temporalis; sc, sagittal crest; sq, squamosal; tc, temporal crest; zpmx, zygomatic process of maxillary; zpsq, zygomatic process of squamosal. Scale bar: 10 mm.
FIG. 4 in Description of a new species of Cynodictis Bravard & Pomel, 1850 (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Quercy Phosphorites with comments on the use of skull morphology for phylogenetics
FIG. 4. — Upper left dentition of Cynodictis peignei n. sp. (MNHN.F.Qu9007): A, I3-M1 in labial view; B, I1-M1 in occlusal view. Abbreviations: C, canine; I1, first incisor; I2, second incisor; I3, third incisor; M1, first molar; P1, upper first premolar; P2, upper second premolar; P3, upper third premolar; P4, upper ultimate premolar. Scale bar: 10 mm.
Data from: The evolution of morphological integration in the ruminant skull
Patterns of morphological integration have the potential to influence evolutionary trajectories. However, this influence depends on the stability of the integration pattern relative to the rate of evolutionary change. Studying the evolution of integration over large phylogenetic scales is complicated by its multivariate nature and the need to have both large sample sizes and a comprehensive taxon coverage. As a result, the question of how integration evolves over long time scales is still poorly understood. In this study I examined the evolution of integration across the phylogeny of extant ruminants, as reflected in their within-population covariation structure. I analyzed interlandmark distances from 2,054 skulls, representing 47 out of the 200 extant species of ruminants, including all major subfamilies of bovids and cervids. I estimated the within-population covariance matrix for each species, and compared them using multidimensional scaling and phylogenetic comparative methods. Results show that closely-related taxa differ substantially from each other in their integration pattern. However, the differences among higher-level clades still reflect their history of common descent. Differences between bovids and cervids involve mainly the oral and nasal regions, in accord with their different feeding and locomotion adaptations. Thus, the effect of both natural selection and phylogenetic history can be detected in the ruminant skull even though integration varies considerably among closely-related species.
Primary data on skull and brain morphology for: Geographical patterns in seasonal changes of body mass, skull, and brain size of common shrews
<p class="Standard">Some small mammals exhibit Dehnel's Phenomenon, a drastic decrease in body mass, braincase and brain size from summer to winter, followed by regrowth in spring. This is accompanied by a reorganization of the brain and changes in other organs. The evolutionary link between these changes and seasonality remains unclear, although the intensity of change varies between locations as the phenomenon is thought to lead to energy savings during winter.</p> <p class="Standard">Here we explored geographic variation of the intensity of Dehnel's Phenomenon in <i>Sorex araneus.</i> We compiled literature on seasonal changes in braincase size, brain and body mass, supplemented by our own data from Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic.</p> <p class="Standard">We analysed the effect of geographic and climate variables on the intensity of change and patterns of brain reorganization.</p> <p class="Standard">From summer to winter the braincase height decreased by 13%, followed by 10% regrowth in spring.</p> <p class="Standard">For body mass the changes were -21%/+82%, respectively. Changes increased towards northeast. Several climate variables were correlated with these transformations, confirming a link of the intensity of the changes with environmental conditions. This relationship differed for the decrease vs. regrowth, suggesting that they may have evolved under different selective pressures.</p> <p class="Standard">We found no geographic trends explaining variability in the brain mass changes although they were similar (-21%/+10%) to those of the braincase size. Underlying patterns of change in brain organisation in north-eastern Poland were almost identical to the pattern observed in southern Germany. This indicates that local habitat characteristics may play a more important role in determining brain structure than broad scale geographic conditions.</p> <p>We discuss the techniques and criteria used for studying this phenomenon, as well as its potential presence in other taxa and the importance of distinguishing it from other kinds of seasonal variation.</p>
Fig. 6 in Differentiation of skull morphology and cranial kinesis in common toads
Fig. 6 Phylogenetic tree of 50 toad species in the tribe Bufonini with cranial kinesis character states (CKs) plotted over the tree (for details see text). The values of CKs range from 1.5 (in deep red) indicating a flexible skull to 5 indicating a rigid skull (in deep blue), with inter-
Table ¹: Comparison of analysis of variance results for skull (occlusal view) and mandible (side view) shape in Rhipidomys mastacalis from three vegetation classes in Brazil. Object asymmetry and correspondence methods were employed to assess asymmetry for skulls and mandibles, respectively. in Morphological symmetry of Rhipidomys mastacalis (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) in fragmented habitats of the Atlantic Forest in Northeastern Brazil: a study on the influence of the environment on an endemic species
<p><b>Table ¹:</b> Comparison of analysis of variance results for skull (occlusal view) and mandible (side view) shape in <i>Rhipidomys mastacalis</i> from three vegetation classes in Brazil.Object asymmetry and correspondence methods were employed to assess asymmetry for skulls and mandibles,respectively.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Shape procrustes ANOVA</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>Effect Sum of squares</b></th><td><b>Mean squares</b></td><td><b>Degrees of freedom</b></td><td><i>F statistic</i></td><td><i>p -Value</i></td><td><b>Pillai tr.</b></td><td><i>p -Value</i></td></tr><tr><th><b>Skulls</b></th></tr><tr><th><b>Forested vegetation</b></th></tr><tr><th>Individual</th><td>0.19908517</td><td>0.0004253957</td><td>468</td><td>22.36</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Side</th><td>0.00366522</td><td>0.0002036232</td><td>18</td><td>10.70</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Individual × side</th><td>0.00890443</td><td>0.0000190266</td><td>468</td><td>2.24</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Error 1</th><td>0.00825565</td><td>0.0000084935</td><td>972</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><b>Occupancy mosaics in forested areas</b></th></tr><tr><th>Individual</th><td>0.37829478</td><td>0.0003965354</td><td>954</td><td>18.57</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Side</th><td>0.00547536</td><td>0.0003041869</td><td>18</td><td>14.25</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Individual × side</th><td>0.02037065</td><td>0.0000213529</td><td>954</td><td>1.89</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Error 1</th><td>0.02201359</td><td>0.0000113239</td><td>1944</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><b>Cocoa plantations</b></th></tr><tr><th>Individual</th><td>0.0645902300</td><td>0.0001302222</td><td>496</td><td>5.18</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Side</th><td>0.0113531900</td><td>0.0007095741</td><td>16</td><td>28.23</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Individual × side</th><td>0.0124666800</td><td>0.0000251344</td><td>496</td><td>1.88</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Error 1</th><td>0.0136608800</td><td>0.0000133407</td><td>1024</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><b>Mandibles</b></th></tr><tr><th><b>Forested vegetation</b></th></tr><tr><th>Individual</th><td>0.70443879</td><td>0.0012579264</td><td>560</td><td>8.10</td><td><0.0001</td><td>14.16</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th>Side</th><td>0.00549957</td><td>0.0002749783</td><td>20</td><td>1.77</td><td>0.0207</td><td>0.0207</td><td>0.0069</td></tr><tr><th>Individual × side</th><td>0.08696012</td><td>0.0001552859</td><td>560</td><td>2.46</td><td><0.0001</td><td>10.75</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th>Error 1</th><td>0.07312665</td><td>0.0000387718</td><td>1160</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><b>Occupancy mosaics in forested areas</b></th></tr><tr><th>Individual</th><td>1.19843989</td><td>0.0011984399</td><td>1000</td><td>8.16</td><td><0.0001</td><td>14.70</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th>Side</th><td>0.01169771</td><td>0.0005848855</td><td>20</td><td>3.98</td><td><0.0001</td><td>0.74</td><td>0.0001</td></tr><tr><th>Individual × side</th><td>0.14685738</td><td>0.0001468574</td><td>1000</td><td>3.03</td><td><0.0001</td><td>11.21</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th>Error 1</th><td>0.09880745</td><td>0.0000484350</td><td>2040</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><b>Cocoa plantations</b></th></tr><tr><th>Individual</th><td>0.3269927600</td><td>0.0004808717</td><td>680</td><td>4.52</td><td><0.0001</td><td>14.14</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th>Side</th><td>0.0143644400</td><td>0.0007182221</td><td>20</td><td>6.75</td><td><0.0001</td><td>0.86</td><td>0.0017</td></tr><tr><th>Individual × side</th><td>0.0723474900</td><td>0.0001063934</td><td>680</td><td>2.39</td><td><0.0001</td><td>10.41</td><td>0.0017</td></tr><tr><th>Error 1</th><td>0.0622041800</td><td>0.0000444316</td><td>1400</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr></tbody></table>
Figure 13 in Baurusuchid crocodyliforms as theropod mimics: clues from the skull and appendicular morphology of Stratiotosuchus maxhechti (Upper Cretaceous of Brazil)
Figure 13. Left and right femora of S. maxhechti (DGM 1477-R) in cranial view. Scale bar = 10 cm.
Figure 2 from: Amori G, Aloise G, Luiselli L (2014) Modern analyses on an historical data set: skull morphology of Italian red squirrel populations. ZooKeys 368: 79-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.368.4691
Figure 2 - PCA of skull measurements (VARIMAX rotation applied) based on Cavazza's (1913) dataset. Eigenvalues: component 1 = 2.559; component 2 = 1.099.
Figure 1 from: Amori G, Aloise G, Luiselli L (2014) Modern analyses on an historical data set: skull morphology of Italian red squirrel populations. ZooKeys 368: 79-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.368.4691
Figure 1 - Map of Italy showing the localities where squirrels were collected according to Cavazza (1913). 1 Porlezza 2 Lanzo 3 Central Alps 4 Alpi Piemontesi 5 Biellese 6 Lugano 7 Bassano del Grappa 8 Buggiolo 9 Lombardia 10 Emilia 11 Tuscany 12 Liguria 13 Neapolitan (Campania) 14 Calabria.
Figure 3 from: Amori G, Aloise G, Luiselli L (2014) Modern analyses on an historical data set: skull morphology of Italian red squirrel populations. ZooKeys 368: 79-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.368.4691
Figure 3 - Neighbor joining dendrogram of skull measurements (with 10,000 bootstraps) based on Cavazza's (1913) dataset.
Figure 9 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Figure 9 - Posteroventral view of the basicranium and left bulla in a Monachus monachus b Neomonachus schauinslandi, and c Neomonachus tropicalis. The bulla of Monachus is bordered posteriorly by a ventrally expanded posterior portion of the petro-mastoid complex. The petrosal abuts the bulla's posterior wall and in ventral view forms the entire lateral and anterolateral border of the posterior lacerate foramen. In Neomonachus, the posterior part of the petrosal is visible in the posterior lacerate foramen but remains superior to the bulla. In ventral view, this gives the impression that the anterior border of the posterior lacerate foramen is formed entirely by the bulla. The posterior carotid canal opens posteroventrally in Monachus. This apparently results from a relatively complete "ring-like" opening, formed by the bulla. This form of opening is apparent in subadult and juvenile Monachus, suggesting that it is not dependent on ontogenetic development or the robusticity of the Monachus cranium relative to Neomonachus. In contrast, the posterior carotid canal of Neomonachus opens directly posteriorly, the opening being an incomplete ring and the dorsal border formed by a flattening of the bulla, perhaps resulting from the bulla's extension over the petrosal.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.