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FIGURE 4 in Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) sampled on artificial substrates of a recreational marina in the Tropical Northeastern Brazilian coast

FIGURE 4. Paraleucilla incomposita (UFBA 4532-POR, except for B, C, and D—UFBA 4533-POR). A—Preserved specimen and oscular fringe (in detail); B—Cross section showing the layer with subcortical lacunae (*) and free of choanocyte chambers (black line). Embryos (arrow) can be observed; C—Longitudinal section with a general view of the skeletal organisation from the cortical (cx) to the atrial (at) regions; D—Detail of the outer region (OR) and inner region below that; E—Cross section showing a choanosomal canal (cc) with apical actines of tetractines close to the atrium (at); F—Cross section of the atrium (at) with apical actines of tetractines protruding into it.

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) sampled on artificial substrates of a recreational marina in the Tropical Northeastern Brazilian coast

FIGURE 5. Paraleucilla incomposita (A–I: UFBA 4532-POR. J, K: UFBA 4246-POR holotype). A—Diactine; B—Cortical triactine; C—Cortical tetractine; D, D'—Subatrial tetractines I; E—Subatrial triactine; F—Subatrial tetractines II; G—Thin subatrial tetractine; H, H'—Atrial tetractines; I—Pentactine; J—Pentactine of the holotype; K—Tetractine of the holotype with displaced apical actine.

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) sampled on artificial substrates of a recreational marina in the Tropical Northeastern Brazilian coast

FIGURE 3. Leucandra serrata (UFBA 4525-POR). A—Diactine; B—Jagged microdiactine; C—Cortical triactine; D— Choanosomal triactine; E—Tetractine of the canals; F—Atrial tetractine.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) sampled on artificial substrates of a recreational marina in the Tropical Northeastern Brazilian coast

FIGURE 2. Leucandra serrata (A, B, C, D, F: UFBA 4525-POR; E: UFBA 4658-POR). A—Preserved specimen with oscular membrane and fringe of trichoxeas (arrowhead); B—Oscular fringe; C—Longitudinal section with a general view of the skeleton (cx—cortex); D—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton with triactines; E—Cross-section of a canal with apical actines of tetractines; F—Longitudinal section showing the atrium (at) with apical actines of tetractines (arrowhead).

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) sampled on artificial substrates of a recreational marina in the Tropical Northeastern Brazilian coast

FIGURE 1. Map showing Brazil in South America (A) and the studied area (black circle in B) where the specimens were sampled. TSB—Todos os Santos Bay.

FIGURE 14 in Taxonomy of deep-water tetillid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorina) from Brazil, with description of three new species and new characters

FIGURE 14. Craniella curviclada sp. nov., holotype (MNRJ 20961): A, oxeas I; B, tip of oxeas I; C, oxeas II; D, tip of oxeas II; E, cortical oxeas III; F, cortical oxeas III (SEM); G, protriaenes I; H, cladome of protriaene I with clads bearing bent tips (SEM); I, protriaenes II; J, variation of cladome of protriaenes II; K, protriaenes II (SEM), broken; L, anatriaenes; M, cladome of anatriaenes and variations; N, sigmaspires (SEM). Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B = 50 µm; C = 200 µm; D = 30 µm; E = 200 µm; F = 50 µm; G = 200 µm; H = 50 µm; I = 200 µm; J = 50 µm; K = 50 µm; L = 200 µm; M = 40 µm; N = 5 µm.

FIGURE 10 in Taxonomy of deep-water tetillid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorina) from Brazil, with description of three new species and new characters

FIGURE 10. Cinachyrella strongylophora sp. nov., holotype (MNRJ 6015): A, oxeas I; B, detail of tips of oxeas I; C, oxeas II, D, detail of tips of oxeas II (SEM); E, strongyles; F, detail of extremities of strongyles (SEM); G, prodiaenes; H, detail of cladome of protriaenes, prodienes and malformations; I, anatriaenes; J, detail of cladome of anatriaenes and malformations; K, microacanthoxeas (SEM); L, detail of extremities of microacanthoxeas (SEM); M, sigmaspires (SEM). Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 10 µm; C = 500 µm; D = 10 µm; E = 100 µm; F = 10 µm; G = 20 µm; H = 10 µm; I = 20 µm; J = 10 µm; K = 10 µm; L = 2 µm; M = 5 µm.

FIGURE 7 in Taxonomy of deep-water tetillid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorina) from Brazil, with description of three new species and new characters

FIGURE 7. Cinachyrella clavaeformis sp. nov., holotype (MNRJ 5863): A, oxeas I; B, detail of tips of the oxeas I; C, oxeas II; D, detail of tips of the oxeas II; E, oxeas III; F, oxeas III, enlarged; G, protriaenes; H, detail of cladome of protriaenes; I, anatriaenes; J, detail of cladome of anatriaenes and malformations; K, microacanthoxeas (SEM); L, detail of tips of microacanthoxeas (SEM); M, sigmaspires (SEM). Scale bars: A = 250 µm; B = 30 µm; C = 250 µm; D = 20 µm; E = 250 µm; F = 50 µm; G = 250 µm, H = 10 µm; I = 250 µm; J = 10 µm; K = 20 µm; L = 2 µm; M = 5 µm.

FIGURE 13 in Taxonomy of deep-water tetillid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorina) from Brazil, with description of three new species and new characters

FIGURE 13. Craniella curviclada sp. nov., holotype (MNRJ 20961: A, longitudinal cut showing a cortex (arrow) and a more dense region in center of the choanosome; B, external surface; C, lateral view of specimen; D, rugose appearance of surface; E, transverse section showing a radial skeleton with choanosomal bundles of megascleres and the two-layered cortex in ectosomal region; F, oxeas II in a disorganized way in the center of the body making a dense skeleton; G, palisade of oxeas III and ectosomal canals above; H, radial bundle of oxeas I piercing the surface and pro- and anatriaenes (arrow) reinforcing it; I–J, sigmaspires bordering a choanosomal canal. Scale bars: A–D = 5 mm; E–F = 500 µm; G–H = 100 µm; I = 50 µm; J = 250 µm.

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomy of deep-water tetillid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorina) from Brazil, with description of three new species and new characters

FIGURE 4. Cinachyrella kuekenthali, specimens from REVIZEE programme: A, preserved specimens (from the left to the right, MNRJ 21211, MNRJ 6518; MNRJ 6517); B, transverse cut showing internally a radial organization and a lighter ectosome (MNRJ 6518); C, transverse section showing a radial skeleton with bundles of megascleres piercing the surface which has detritus (MNRJ 6518); D, tips of oxeas I (MNRJ 6518); E, tip of oxeas II (MNRJ 6518); F, protriaenes (MNRJ 6518); G, anatriaene (MNRJ 6518); H, SEM images of microacanthoxeas (MNRJ 6518); I, detail of microacanthoxeas; J, SEM images of sigmaspires (MNRJ 6518). Scale bars: A = 20 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 300 µm; D–E = 10 µm; F–G = 30 µm; H = 20 µm; I–J = 5 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomy of deep-water tetillid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorina) from Brazil, with description of three new species and new characters

FIGURE 2. Trachygellius corticata, holotype (MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1027): A, external view of the two halves of the cut holotype, with contracted porocalices (arrows); B, internal view of the two halves of the cut holotype; C, transverse cut showing a dark surface (detritus) and a lighter subectosomal layer (arrow); D, transverse section showing a radial skeleton with bundles of megascleres piercing the surface; E, microacanthoxeas scattered between bundles of smooth oxeas in the ectosomal region and part of the choanosomal region; F, tips of oxeas I; G, tips of oxeas II; H, protriaenes; I, anatriaene. Scale bars: A–C = 10 mm; D = 300 µm; E = 150 µm; F = 40 µm; G = 10 µm; H–I = 50 µm.

FIGURE 9 in Taxonomy of deep-water tetillid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorina) from Brazil, with description of three new species and new characters

FIGURE 9. Cinachyrella strongylophora sp. nov., holotype (MNRJ 6015): A, transverse section showing a radial skeleton with bundles of megascleres piercing the surface which has detritus; B, ectosomal region with tracts of strongyles (arrow); C, choanosomal region with tracts of strongyles (arrows); D, spherules present in the choanosome. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 50 µm; D = 10 µm.

FIGURE 12. Craniella crustocorticata van Soest 2017. A–M in Taxonomy of deep-water tetillid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorina) from Brazil, with description of three new species and new characters

FIGURE 12. Craniella crustocorticata van Soest 2017. A–M, spicules of the specimen from SE Brazil (MNRJ 6059): A, oxeas I; B, detail of tip of oxeas I; C, oxeas II; D, detail of tip of oxeas II; E, cortical oxeas III; F, cortical oxeas III (SEM); G, protriaenes I; H, detail of cladome of protriaene I with anisoclads and variations; I, protriaenes II; J, detail of cladome of protriaenes II with very slender clads; K, anatriaenes; L, detail of cladome of anatriaenes and variations; M, sigmaspires (SEM). N–R, spicules of one of the specimens from NE Brazil (UFPEPOR 1785): N, protriaenes I, arrow point to the large clad crossing the axis of an oxeas III; O, protriaene I and anatriaene; P, protriaene II; Q, anatriaene (SEM), broken; R, oxeas III (SEM). Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 40 µm; C = 500 µm; D = 30 µm; E = 500 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 500 µm; H = 100 µm; I = 500 µm; J = 100 µm; K = 500 µm; L = 100 µm; M = 5 µm; N = 100 µm; O = 50 µm; P = 50 µm; Q = 50 µm; R = 200 µm.

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomy of deep-water tetillid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorina) from Brazil, with description of three new species and new characters

FIGURE 6. Cinachyrella clavaeformis sp. nov., holotype (MNRJ 5863): A, transverse section showing a peripherally radial skeleton with tracts of megascleres piercing the surface which has detritus; B, sigmaspires bordering a canal in the choanosome; C, a portion of choanosome with microacanthoxeas (mi), oxeas I (o.i), broken, and oxeas III (o.iii); D, a portion of choanosome with microacanthoxeas randomly distributed. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 50 µm; C = 150 µm; D = 150 µm.

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomy of deep-water tetillid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorina) from Brazil, with description of three new species and new characters

FIGURE 5. Cinachyrella clavaeformis sp. nov., holotype (MNRJ 5863): A, whole specimen; B, transverse cut showing a strongly hispid surface (arrow), on stereomicroscope; C, porocalices scattered on upper region (arrows); D, detail of one porocalice on upper region; E, detail of one porocalice on the stalk. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 3 mm; C–D = 2 mm; E = 4 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Taxonomy of deep-water tetillid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorina) from Brazil, with description of three new species and new characters

FIGURE 8. Cinachyrella strongylophora sp. nov., type material: A, holotype (MNRJ 6015); B, paratype (MNRJ 6105); C, paratype (MNRJ 6598); D, paratype (MNRJ 11976); E, paratype (MNRJ 11978); F, paratype (MNRJ 20959); G, paratype (MNRJ 20960). Scale bar: A–G = 20 mm.

FIGURE 11. Craniella crustocorticata van Soest 2017 in Taxonomy of deep-water tetillid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorina) from Brazil, with description of three new species and new characters

FIGURE 11. Craniella crustocorticata van Soest 2017: A, specimen from SE Brazil, with a root (MNRJ 6059); B, longitudinal cut showing internally a radial organization (MNRJ 6059); C, external surface of one of the specimens from NE Brazil (root lost during collection), (UFPEPOR 1785); D, a radial organization of another specimen from NE Brazil (root lost during collection), (UFPEPOR 2152); E, conules on the surface (MNRJ 6059); F, detail of the basal region (MNRJ 6059); G, transverse section showing a radial skeleton with choanosomal bundles of oxeas ending in a conule at the surface (MNRJ 6059); H, tangential section of the surface showing cortical oxeas III (MNRJ 6059); I, transverse section showing ectosomal region with oxeas III disposed perpendicular (small forms; black arrows) and tangential to the surface (larger forms; white arrows); J, arrows pointing to cladomes of anatriaenes present in the root. Scale bars: A–B = 10 mm; C–D = 2 mm; E–F = 1 mm; G–I = 500 µm; J = 100µm.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy of deep-water tetillid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorina) from Brazil, with description of three new species and new characters

FIGURE 1. Location of the collection sites, from north to south: 1, continental slope in Potiguar Basin, off Macau City; 2, edge of continental shelf off Recife City; 3, slope off Belmonte City; 4, Rodgers Seamount; 5, slope in Espírito Santo Basin; 6, Columbia Seamount; 7, slope in Campos Basin, off Cabo de São Tomé; 8, Almirante Saldanha Seamount. Acronyms are the Brazilian States of: RN, Rio Grande do Norte; PE, Pernambuco; BA, Bahia; ES, Espírito Santo; RJ, Rio de Janeiro. Scale bar: 500 km. Source map from Google Earth.

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy of deep-water tetillid sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae, Spirophorina) from Brazil, with description of three new species and new characters

FIGURE 3. Trachygellius corticata, SEM of microscleres of the holotype (MNHN.LBIM.D.NBE 1027): A, microacanthoxeas; B, detail of microacanthoxeas (in the right, a malformation); C, sigmaspires. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B–C = 5 µm.