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Fig. 4 in Spatio-Temporal Structure And Reproductive Success In A Rook (Corvus Frugilegus) Colony
Fig. 4. Distance of the newly built nests from the centre of the colony, from the edge of the colony (metres) and number of neighbouring nests within 6 metres (medians, full circles) and those of the randomly selected points (medians, empty squares) at each sampling date. 100 random points were selected for each date, sample sizes of the observed nests are shown above the medians. In the marked (*) cases the values of the observed nests dif- fered significantly from the values of the ran- dom points (Mann-Whitney test, P <0.05)
Data from: A novel laboratory method to simulate climatic stress with successful application to experiments with medically relevant ticks
<p>Ticks are the most important vectors of zoonotic disease-causing pathogens in North America and Europe. Many tick species are expanding their geographic range. Although correlational evidence suggests that climate change is driving the range expansion of ticks, experimental evidence is necessary to develop a mechanistic understanding of ticks' response to a range of climatic conditions. Previous experiments used simulated microclimates, but these protocols require hazardous salts or expensive laboratory equipment to manipulate humidity. We developed a novel, safe, stable, convenient, and economical method to isolate individual ticks and manipulate their microclimates. The protocol involves placing individual ticks in plastic tubes, and placing six tubes along with a commercial two-way humidity control pack in an airtight container. We successfully used this method to investigate how humidity affects survival and host-seeking (questing) behavior of three tick species: the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum), American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis), and black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis). We placed 72 adult females of each species individually into plastic tubes and separated them into three experimental relative humidity (RH) treatments representing distinct climates: 32% RH, 58% RH, and 84% RH. We assessed the survival and questing behavior of each tick for 30 days. In all three species, survivorship significantly declined in drier conditions. Questing height was negatively associated with RH in Amblyomma, positively associated with RH in Dermacentor, and not associated with RH in Ixodes. The frequency of questing behavior increased significantly with drier conditions for Dermacentor but not for Amblyomma or Ixodes. This report demonstrates an effective method for assessing the viability and host-seeking behavior of tick vectors of zoonotic diseases under different climatic conditions.</p>
Black and orange coloration predict success during male-male competition in the guppy
<p>Investigating how both intrasexual competition and intersexual mate choice act within a single system is crucial to understanding the maintenance and diversity of sexually-dimorphic traits. These two processes can act in concert by selecting for the same trait, or in opposition by selecting for different extremes of the same trait; they can also act on different traits, potentially increasing overall trait complexity. We asked whether male-male competition and female mate choice act on the same male traits using Trinidadian guppies, which exhibit complex male-limited color patterns and sexual size dimorphism. We used behavioral assays to assess the relationship between color and male competitive success and then compared our results to the plethora of data on female choice and male color in our study population. We found that males initiated more contests if they were larger than their competitor. Males won contests more often if they had more black coloration than their competitor, and the effect of black was stronger when the male had less orange than his competitor. Additionally, males won more often if they had either more structural color (iridescence) and more orange, or less structural color and less orange than their competitor, suggesting multiple combinations of color traits predict success. Females from our study population exhibit strong preferences for orange coloration. Thus, traits favored in male contests differ from those favored by intersexual selection in this population. Our results suggest that mate choice and male-male competition together promote increased color pattern complexity in this species.</p>
Figure 1 Predation success ofG. aculeifer, S in Predation capacity of soil-dwelling predatory mites on two major maize pests
Figure 1 Predation success ofG. aculeifer, S. scimitus andM. robustulus on WCR and WW first instar larvae during the 10-minutes predation assays. n=20. NS = no significant difference among predator species (p-value> 0.05). The error bars represent the 95% confidence interval for the predation success.
Text-fig. 2. CT slices on Block 2. Details of other skeletal parts (a). The familiar shape of an ammonite (a, c). Holes, cracks and empty cavities in both the limestone matrix and within the vertebrate fossil (b, c). Heterogeneity of the 'tuffeau' limestone, the more porous areas of the matrix clearly distinguishable from the more compact ones (c). Ferric nodules (c). in Hidden Treasures Uncovered: Successful Detection Of Fossils Below The Surface In Large Limestone Blocks Using A Standard Medical X-Ray Ct Scanner
Text-fig. 2. CT slices on Block 2. Details of other skeletal parts (a). The familiar shape of an ammonite (a, c). Holes, cracks and empty cavities in both the limestone matrix and within the vertebrate fossil (b, c). Heterogeneity of the 'tuffeau' limestone, the more porous areas of the matrix clearly distinguishable from the more compact ones (c). Ferric nodules (c).
Text-fig. 1. CT slices on Block 1. Details of the internal bone structure (a, b), teeth (b, c). Invertebrate imprints (a, c). Holes, cracks and empty cavities in both the limestone matrix and within the vertebrate fossil (b). in Hidden Treasures Uncovered: Successful Detection Of Fossils Below The Surface In Large Limestone Blocks Using A Standard Medical X-Ray Ct Scanner
Text-fig. 1. CT slices on Block 1. Details of the internal bone structure (a, b), teeth (b, c). Invertebrate imprints (a, c). Holes, cracks and empty cavities in both the limestone matrix and within the vertebrate fossil (b).
Text-fig. 3. CT slices on Block 3. Invertebrate moulds (a, c) and remains of their hard skeletons (a, b). Large areas of limestone matrix hold either only a few scattered invertebrates or no fossil at all (b, c). Ring artefacts seen close to the isocentre of the scan (b, c) are a well-known phenomenon caused by the X-ray beams traversing the block at an insufficient radiation dose (as expected in such a large block of dense material), and are not part of any physical structure present therein (Triche et al. 2019). in Hidden Treasures Uncovered: Successful Detection Of Fossils Below The Surface In Large Limestone Blocks Using A Standard Medical X-Ray Ct Scanner
Text-fig. 3. CT slices on Block 3. Invertebrate moulds (a, c) and remains of their hard skeletons (a, b). Large areas of limestone matrix hold either only a few scattered invertebrates or no fossil at all (b, c). Ring artefacts seen close to the isocentre of the scan (b, c) are a well-known phenomenon caused by the X-ray beams traversing the block at an insufficient radiation dose (as expected in such a large block of dense material), and are not part of any physical structure present therein (Triche et al. 2019).
Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID et CHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5 cm in (a, b), 2.5 mm in (c–g), 5 mm in (h), 2 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar. in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID et CHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5 cm in (a, b), 2.5 mm in (c–g), 5 mm in (h), 2 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar.
Text-fig. 8. Lanfrancia subglobosa E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–c, e–g: Holotype V. 23014. a: reflected light. b, c: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. a, b: Lateral views with dorsal surface of locule facing forward and locule casts protruding in upper part. c: Apical view. d: Fruit showing two locule casts the dorsal surfaces of which face to the left and the right, V. 30417(1). e–g: Successive digital transverse sections showing four u to v to c-shaped locules from micro-CT data. h: Physical transverse section of specimen in (d). i–k: Physical transverse section, V. 30419 from Herne Bay, blue lines in K indicating limits of fibre layer lining the locule. l: Detail from (h), showing sclerenchyma composing the septa and central axis. m: Transverse section, enlargement from (i), showing anatomy of tissues adjacent to the dorsal infold. Blue lines indicate limits of the fibre layer lining the locule. n: Part of (m) recut, tangential section transecting the dorsal infold (central), both limbs of the locule cast, and peripheral parts of the pericarp on either side. o: Detail from (n), showing anatomy of the infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h) (a–g share the same bar), 3 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j–m), 0.5 mm in (n), 0.2 mm in (o). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 8. Lanfrancia subglobosa E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–c, e–g: Holotype V. 23014. a: reflected light. b, c: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. a, b: Lateral views with dorsal surface of locule facing forward and locule casts protruding in upper part. c: Apical view. d: Fruit showing two locule casts the dorsal surfaces of which face to the left and the right, V. 30417(1). e–g: Successive digital transverse sections showing four u to v to c-shaped locules from micro-CT data. h: Physical transverse section of specimen in (d). i–k: Physical transverse section, V. 30419 from Herne Bay, blue lines in K indicating limits of fibre layer lining the locule. l: Detail from (h), showing sclerenchyma composing the septa and central axis. m: Transverse section, enlargement from (i), showing anatomy of tissues adjacent to the dorsal infold. Blue lines indicate limits of the fibre layer lining the locule. n: Part of (m) recut, tangential section transecting the dorsal infold (central), both limbs of the locule cast, and peripheral parts of the pericarp on either side. o: Detail from (n), showing anatomy of the infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h) (a–g share the same bar), 3 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j–m), 0.5 mm in (n), 0.2 mm in (o).
Text-fig. 2. Tectocarya spp. a–n: Tectocarya grandis (E.REID et M.CHANDLER) comb. n. Holotype V.22968. a: Lateral view of broken endocarp, reflected light. b–d: Longitudinal views, surface renderings from micro-CT data. e: Translucent volume renderings. f: Apical view, surface rendering. g: View of transversely broken surface showing curved locule, reflected light. h–n: Successive digital transverse sections. Note septum in the dorsal infold (arrows). o, p: Tectocarya rhenana KIRCHH., Miocene of Germany, dorsal view and transverse section [Holotype of Mastixoidea tectocaryoides KIRCHH., Alfred Mine near Konzendorf, photo by Dieter Mai] (Synonym of T. rhenana MAI, 1993). q: T. rhenana transverse section. from Mine Alfred, Düren, Germany, coll. Claire A. Brown 1952, USNM 355632. r, s: Tectocarya sp. from late Eocene of Post, Oregon, USA, physical transverse section, reflected light. UF279-50014. [Surface views of same specimen shown in Manchester and McIntosh 2007: figs 62, 63]. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–r), 0.5 cm in (s). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 2. Tectocarya spp. a–n: Tectocarya grandis (E.REID et M.CHANDLER) comb. n. Holotype V.22968. a: Lateral view of broken endocarp, reflected light. b–d: Longitudinal views, surface renderings from micro-CT data. e: Translucent volume renderings. f: Apical view, surface rendering. g: View of transversely broken surface showing curved locule, reflected light. h–n: Successive digital transverse sections. Note septum in the dorsal infold (arrows). o, p: Tectocarya rhenana KIRCHH., Miocene of Germany, dorsal view and transverse section [Holotype of Mastixoidea tectocaryoides KIRCHH., Alfred Mine near Konzendorf, photo by Dieter Mai] (Synonym of T. rhenana MAI, 1993). q: T. rhenana transverse section. from Mine Alfred, Düren, Germany, coll. Claire A. Brown 1952, USNM 355632. r, s: Tectocarya sp. from late Eocene of Post, Oregon, USA, physical transverse section, reflected light. UF279-50014. [Surface views of same specimen shown in Manchester and McIntosh 2007: figs 62, 63]. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–r), 0.5 cm in (s).
Text-fig. 7. Stereomicroscope microphotographs of plant remains sieved out of a sediment bulk sample (C3X) from bed GLA10 of Govone. a: Tetraclinis salicornioides (UNGER) KVAČEK, shoot fragment, MGPT-PU141083). b: Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J. GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141084. c: Toddalia rhenana H.-J.GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141085. d: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, small seed with piths filled by organic remains and sediment, MGPT-PU141086. e: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, fragmentary seed, MGPT-PU141087. f: Visnea germanica MENZEL, fruit from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141088. g: Symplocos casparyi R.LUDW., endocarp in lateral view from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141089. Scale bar 1 mm. in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results
Text-fig. 7. Stereomicroscope microphotographs of plant remains sieved out of a sediment bulk sample (C3X) from bed GLA10 of Govone. a: Tetraclinis salicornioides (UNGER) KVAČEK, shoot fragment, MGPT-PU141083). b: Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J. GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141084. c: Toddalia rhenana H.-J.GREGOR, seed, MGPT-PU141085. d: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, small seed with piths filled by organic remains and sediment, MGPT-PU141086. e: Eurya stigmosa (R.LUDW.) MAI, fragmentary seed, MGPT-PU141087. f: Visnea germanica MENZEL, fruit from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141088. g: Symplocos casparyi R.LUDW., endocarp in lateral view from two opposite sides, MGPT-PU141089. Scale bar 1 mm.
Text-fig. 5. Plant fragments from Govone with evidence of preserved cuticle. a: Decussate pair of leaves of "Thuja" saviana (C.T.GAUDIN) C.T.GAUDIN with a window (arrow) opened in the brownish cuticle, showing the yellowish mesophyll cells and some possible resin canals (dark), MGPT-PU141094. b: Angiosperm leaf fragment (from sample MGPT-PU141017) under the stereomicroscope, showing the blackish compressed mesophyll on the right and patches of cleaned, yellowish cuticle at the top (arrow). Scale bar 1 mm. in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results
Text-fig. 5. Plant fragments from Govone with evidence of preserved cuticle. a: Decussate pair of leaves of "Thuja" saviana (C.T.GAUDIN) C.T.GAUDIN with a window (arrow) opened in the brownish cuticle, showing the yellowish mesophyll cells and some possible resin canals (dark), MGPT-PU141094. b: Angiosperm leaf fragment (from sample MGPT-PU141017) under the stereomicroscope, showing the blackish compressed mesophyll on the right and patches of cleaned, yellowish cuticle at the top (arrow). Scale bar 1 mm.
Text-fig. 4. Laminated silts with almost complete leaves at the top of bed GLA20: Dicotylophyllum sp. 3 (left: MGPTPU141032) and Laurophyllum sp. 2 (right: MGPT-PU141082). Scale bar 10 mm. in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results
Text-fig. 4. Laminated silts with almost complete leaves at the top of bed GLA20: Dicotylophyllum sp. 3 (left: MGPTPU141032) and Laurophyllum sp. 2 (right: MGPT-PU141082). Scale bar 10 mm.
Text-fig. 6. Transmitted light microphotographs of permineralized wood from Govone. a, b: cf. Cupressinoxylon sp., radial section, MGPT-PU141105, a – nodular end of ray parenchyma (arrow), b – thick and pitted horizontal walls of ray parenchyma (arrow). c–f: Pinaceae gen. et sp. indet., MGPT-PU141107, c – abnormal discoloration due to ecological disruptions (radial section), d – rays up to 10 cells high, uniseriate, partly biseriate (black arrow), intercellular spaces observed (white arrows) (tangential section), e – large, thick-walled axial resin canal with more than 9 epithelial cells observed, axial resin canal diameter>60 Μm (transverse section), f – spiral thickenings due to compression (white arrow) (radial section). in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results
Text-fig. 6. Transmitted light microphotographs of permineralized wood from Govone. a, b: cf. Cupressinoxylon sp., radial section, MGPT-PU141105, a – nodular end of ray parenchyma (arrow), b – thick and pitted horizontal walls of ray parenchyma (arrow). c–f: Pinaceae gen. et sp. indet., MGPT-PU141107, c – abnormal discoloration due to ecological disruptions (radial section), d – rays up to 10 cells high, uniseriate, partly biseriate (black arrow), intercellular spaces observed (white arrows) (tangential section), e – large, thick-walled axial resin canal with more than 9 epithelial cells observed, axial resin canal diameter>60 Μm (transverse section), f – spiral thickenings due to compression (white arrow) (radial section).
Text-fig. 3. a: Panoramic reconstruction of the portion of the Govone outcrop from intervals GLA10 to GLA20 in condition of low river level. b: Transported leaf assemblage in the bottom part of bed GLA20. c: Detail of the outcrop of the leaf-bearing bed GLA20 and the underlying wood-rich layer GLA19. in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results
Text-fig. 3. a: Panoramic reconstruction of the portion of the Govone outcrop from intervals GLA10 to GLA20 in condition of low river level. b: Transported leaf assemblage in the bottom part of bed GLA20. c: Detail of the outcrop of the leaf-bearing bed GLA20 and the underlying wood-rich layer GLA19.
Text-fig. 2. Stratigraphic column of the Govone section with a detail of the sampled intervals on the right. CCS – Cassano Spinola Conglomerates; Gm and Gg – sedimentary cycles, respectively marl-dominated or gypsum-dominated; MES – Messinian Erosional Surface; MSC – Messinian Salinity Crisis; PLG – Primary Lower Gypsum; RLG – Resedimented Lower Gypsum. in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results
Text-fig. 2. Stratigraphic column of the Govone section with a detail of the sampled intervals on the right. CCS – Cassano Spinola Conglomerates; Gm and Gg – sedimentary cycles, respectively marl-dominated or gypsum-dominated; MES – Messinian Erosional Surface; MSC – Messinian Salinity Crisis; PLG – Primary Lower Gypsum; RLG – Resedimented Lower Gypsum.
Text-fig. 1. Context and location of the Govone outcrop. a: Location of the Piedmont Basin at the northern margin of the Mediterranean Basin and distribution of Messinian evaporites. b: Simplified geological map of the Piedmont Basin showing the location of the Govone outcrop close to the town of Alba. in Remains Of A Subtropical Humid Forest In A Messinian Evaporitebearing Succession At Govone, Northwestern Italy - Preliminary Results
Text-fig. 1. Context and location of the Govone outcrop. a: Location of the Piedmont Basin at the northern margin of the Mediterranean Basin and distribution of Messinian evaporites. b: Simplified geological map of the Piedmont Basin showing the location of the Govone outcrop close to the town of Alba.
CONSOLE_WP2_Task2.2_Data collection, selection and diagnosis of reasons for successes and failures of initiatives in Europe_second level diagnosis_2022.10.25
<p>This dataset contains data on the second level analysis of existing and highly potential contract solutions throughout Europe within the EU-H2020 project CONSOLE (CONtract Solutions for Effective and lasting delivery of agri-environmental-climate public goods by EU agriculture and forestry).</p> <p>The dataset is organized in one document (.rtf). The document represents the list of the 26 in-depth case studies, including data on case study ID, AECPGs addressed, performance description and evaluation. The dataset is related to the Deliverable 2.3.</p>
CONSOLE_WP2_Task2.2_Data collection, selection and diagnosis of reasons for successes and failures of initiatives in Europe_first level diagnosis_2022.10.25
<p>This dataset contains data on the first level analysis of existing and highly potential contract solutions throughout Europe within the EU-H2020 project CONSOLE (CONtract Solutions for Effective and lasting delivery of agri-environmental-climate public goods by EU agriculture and forestry).</p> <p>The dataset is organized in one document (.rtf) with two main chapters. The first part contains the information gained for the first level diagnosis based on Task 2.2 and Deliverable 2.1 and the second half of the document contains updated information on the case studies connected to Deliverable 2.6.The analyses performed with this dataset can be found in Deliverable 2.4.</p> <p>The first chapter represents the list on the 60 first level case studies and the second chapter contains the 61 updated case studies, including data on case study ID, NUTS location, short description, AECPGs addressed, main contractual features, a simplified SWOT.</p>
Figure 6: Simulation computation, at successive steps: iterations 0, 152, 250, 370, 601, 1601. 29
<p>On the figure 6, we present a complete simulation with several centers<br> and several queens [13]. On each center, a queen is emitting several colored<br> pheromons and are able to attract some multi-colored material according to<br> their initial location. Simulation outputs at different iteration times are presented,<br> from RePast implementation and OpenMap GIS visualization.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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OpenNeuro
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