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492 results for “trapdoor spiders”
Figure 7 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)
Figure 7. Colour photographs of live Euctenizinae species. A, Eucteniza rex from Laredo, Texas. B, Aptostichus atomarius from Riverside County, California. C, Promyrmekiaphila gertschi from San Mateo County, California.
Species delimitation with limited sampling: an example from rare trapdoor spider genus Cyclocosmia (Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae)
<p>The outcome of species delimitation depends on many factors, including conceptual framework, study design, data availability, methodology employed, and subjective decision-making. Obtaining sufficient taxon sampling in endangered or rare taxa might be difficult, particularly when non-lethal tissue collection cannot be utilized. The need to avoid overexploitation of the natural populations may thus limit the methodological framework available for downstream data analyses and bias the results. We test species boundaries in rare North American trapdoor spider genus <em>Cyclocosmia</em> Ausserer (1871) inhabiting the Southern Coastal Plain biodiversity hotspot with the use genomic data and two multispecies coalescent model methods. We evaluate the performance of each methodology within a limited sampling framework. To mitigate the risk of species over-splitting, common in taxa with highly structured populations, we subsequently implement a species validation step via genealogical diversification index (gdi), which accounts for both genetic isolation and gene flow. We delimited eight geographically restricted lineages within North American <em>Cyclocosmia</em>, suggesting that major river drainages in the region are likely barriers to dispersal. Our results suggest that utilizing BPP in the species discovery step might be a good option for datasets comprising hundreds of loci, but fewer individuals, which may be a common scenario for rare taxa. However, we also show that such results should be validated via gdi, in order to avoid over-splitting.</p>
Fig. 8. Misgolas wayorum n in Trapdoor Spiders of the Genus Misgolas (Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) in the Sydney Region, Australia, With Notes on Synonymies Attributed to M. rapax
Fig. 8. Misgolas wayorum n.sp. (A–D) Ƌ, holotype AM KS50047.
Fig. 7 in Trapdoor Spiders of the Genus Misgolas (Mygalomorphae: Idiopidae) in the Sydney Region, Australia, With Notes on Synonymies Attributed to M. rapax
Fig. 7. Misgolas maculosus. (A–C) ♀, AM KS69957. (A), tarsus
Microgeographic population structuring in a genus of California trapdoor spiders and discovery of an enigmatic new species (Euctenizidae: Promyrmekiaphila korematsui sp. nov.)
<p>The recognition and delineation of cryptic species remains a perplexing problem in systematics, evolution, and species delimitation. Once recognized as such, cryptic species complexes provide fertile ground for studying genetic divergence within the context of phenotypic and ecological divergence (or lack thereof). Herein we document the discovery of a new cryptic species of trapdoor spider, <em>Promyrmekiaphila korematsui </em>sp. nov. Using subgenomic data obtained via target enrichment, we document the phylogeography of the California endemic genus <em>Promyrmekiaphila </em>and<em> </em>its constituent species, which also includes <em>P. clathrata </em>and <em>P. winnemem</em>. Based on these data we show a pattern of strong geographic structuring among populations but cannot entirely discount recent gene flow among populations that are parapatric, particularly for deeply diverged lineages within <em>P. clathrata</em>.<em> </em>The genetic data, in addition to revealing a new undescribed species, also allude to a pattern of potential phenotypic differentiation where species likely come into contact. Alternatively, phenotypic cohesion among genetically divergent <em>P. clathrata </em>lineages suggests that some level of gene flow is ongoing or occurred in the recent past. Despite considerable field collection efforts over many years, additional sampling in potential zones of contact for both species and lineages is needed to completely resolve the dynamics of divergence in <em>Promyrmekiaphila</em> at the population-species interface.</p>
Figure 3 in A new species of the trapdoor spider genus Conothele Thorell, 1878 (Araneae: Halonoproctidae) from Western Ghats, Kerala, India
Figure 3. Conothele chinnarensis sp. nov., habit, showing burrow and trap door.
Figure 18 in Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of south-western North American Euctenizinae trapdoor spiders and their relatives (Araneae: Mygalomorphae, Cyrtaucheniidae)
Figure 18. Apomastus sp. burrow opening, from Orange County, California.
Microgeographic population structuring in a genus of California trapdoor spiders and discovery of an enigmatic new species (Euctenizidae: Promyrmekiaphila korematsui sp. nov.)
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Data from: Cryptic elevational zonation in trapdoor spiders (Araneae, Antrodiaetidae, Aliatypus janus complex) from the California southern Sierra Nevada
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Comparative population genomic diversity and differentiation in trapdoor spiders and relatives (Araneae, Mygalomorphae)
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Species delimitation with limited sampling: an example from rare trapdoor spider genus Cyclocosmia (Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae)
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FIGURES 78-80 in The open-holed trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae: Anamidae: Namea) of Australia's D'Aguilar Range: revealing an unexpected subtropical hotspot of rainforest diversity
FIGURES 78-80. Namea nebo sp. nov., male holotype (QMB S65274) from Mount Nebo (south-eastern Queensland), pedipalp: 78, retrolateral view; 79, retroventral view; 80, prolateral view. Scale bar = 3.0 mm.
FIGURES 55–64 in The open-holed trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae: Anamidae: Namea) of Australia's D'Aguilar Range: revealing an unexpected subtropical hotspot of rainforest diversity
FIGURES 55–64. Namea nigritarsus sp. nov., male holotype (QMB S111534) from Mount Glorious (south-eastern Queensland), somatic morphology: 55–56, carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; 57, cephalothorax, lateral view; 58, eyes, dorsal view; 59, mouthparts, ventral view; 60–61, cephalothorax and abdomen, ventral view; 62, leg I, prolateral view; 63, leg I tibia, retrolateral view; 64, leg I tibia, profile in standardised prolateral view, showing relative position of macrosetae (p, prolateral; pd, prodorsal; pv, proventral; v, ventral). Scale bars = 3.0 mm.
FIGURES 45–47 in The open-holed trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae: Anamidae: Namea) of Australia's D'Aguilar Range: revealing an unexpected subtropical hotspot of rainforest diversity
FIGURES 45–47. Namea gowardae sp. nov., male holotype (QMB S774) from Mount Glorious (south-eastern Queensland), pedipalp: 45, retrolateral view; 46, retroventral view; 47, prolateral view. Scale bar = 3.0 mm.
FIGURES 35–44 in The open-holed trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae: Anamidae: Namea) of Australia's D'Aguilar Range: revealing an unexpected subtropical hotspot of rainforest diversity
FIGURES 35–44. Namea gowardae sp. nov., male holotype (QMB S774) from Mount Glorious (south-eastern Queensland), somatic morphology: 35–36, carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; 37, cephalothorax, lateral view; 38, eyes, dorsal view; 39, mouthparts, ventral view; 40–41, cephalothorax and abdomen, ventral view; 42, leg I, prolateral view (inset shows detail of tibia, and the location of the 'tibial bald zone'); 43, leg I tibia, retrolateral view; 44, leg I tibia, profile in standardised prolateral view, showing relative position of macrosetae (pd, prodorsal; pv, proventral; v, ventral); note the broken seta (*) at position pv1. Scale bars = 3.0 mm.
FIGURES 32–34 in The open-holed trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae: Anamidae: Namea) of Australia's D'Aguilar Range: revealing an unexpected subtropical hotspot of rainforest diversity
FIGURES 32–34. Namea gloriosa sp. nov., male holotype (QMB S10269) from Mount Glorious (south-eastern Queensland), pedipalp: 32, retrolateral view; 33, retroventral view; 34, prolateral view. Scale bar = 3.0 mm.
FIGURES 65–67 in The open-holed trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae: Anamidae: Namea) of Australia's D'Aguilar Range: revealing an unexpected subtropical hotspot of rainforest diversity
FIGURES 65–67. Namea nigritarsus sp. nov., male holotype (QMB S111534) from Mount Glorious (south-eastern Queensland), pedipalp: 65, retrolateral view; 66, retroventral view; 67, prolateral view. Scale bar = 3.0 mm.
FIGURES 14–21 in The open-holed trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae: Anamidae: Namea) of Australia's D'Aguilar Range: revealing an unexpected subtropical hotspot of rainforest diversity
FIGURES 14–21. Comparative morphology of Namea from the D'Aguilar Range (south-eastern Queensland); each figure for each species depicts (a) the male tibia I in standardised prolateral view, (b) the male pedipalp in retrolateral view, +/- (c) the female cleared genitalia in dorsal view (if known): 14, N. gloriosa sp. nov. (QMB S10269); 15, N. nigritarsus sp. nov. (QMB S111534); 16, N. nebo sp. nov. (QMB S65274); 17, N. excavans Raven, 1984 (QMB S813); 18, N. brisbanensis Raven, 1984 (QMB S767 [male], S111397 [female]); 19, N. gowardae sp. nov. (QMB S774 [male], S111377 [female]); 20, N. salanitri Raven, 1984 (QMB S1166 [male], S111396 [female; with epigastric lobes highlighted*); 21, N. dahmsi Raven, 1984 (QMB S88018 [male tibia I], S800 [male pedipalp], S111481 [female; note bent right spermathecal fundus]). Tibial macrosetae are coloured and labelled according to their relative position (dark blue, prodorsal [pd]; red, prolateral [p] or proventral [pv]; dark grey, ventral [v]; light blue, retroventral [rv]).
FIGURE 13 in The open-holed trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae: Anamidae: Namea) of Australia's D'Aguilar Range: revealing an unexpected subtropical hotspot of rainforest diversity
FIGURE 13. Phylogeny of the genus Namea modified from Rix et al. (2020; fig. 2), inferred from a partitioned Bayesian analysis of that study's 'FULL' dataset (151 taxa, 5,261 bp, 50% majority-rule consensus tree). Clades corresponding to 30 morpho-species OTUs are collapsed for the genus Namea (square brackets denote the number of specimens included in each clade), and nodes have a posterior probability of ≥ 0.98 unless otherwise stated. Seven species recorded from the D'Aguilar Range (south-eastern Queensland) are highlighted in enlarged bold text; note that specimens of an eighth species, N. gloriosa sp. nov., were not sequenced for this study.
FIGURES 22–31 in The open-holed trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae: Anamidae: Namea) of Australia's D'Aguilar Range: revealing an unexpected subtropical hotspot of rainforest diversity
FIGURES 22–31. Namea gloriosa sp. nov., male holotype (QMB S10269) from Mount Glorious (south-eastern Queensland), somatic morphology: 22–23, carapace and abdomen, dorsal view; 24, cephalothorax, lateral view; 25, eyes, dorsal view; 26, mouthparts, ventral view; 27–28, cephalothorax and abdomen, ventral view; 29, leg I, prolateral view; 30, leg I tibia, retrolateral view; 31, leg I tibia, profile in standardised prolateral view, showing relative position of macrosetae (pd, prodorsal; pv, proventral; v, ventral); note the broken seta (*) at position v2. Scale bars = 3.0 mm.
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