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175 results for “wind turbine”
Avoidance of offshore wind farms by Sandwich Terns increases with turbine density
<p>The expanding use of wind farms as a source of renewable energy can impact bird populations due to collisions and other factors. Globally, seabirds are one of the avian taxonomic groups most threatened by anthropogenic disturbance; adequately assessing the potential impact of offshore wind farms (OWFs) is important for developing strategies to avoid or minimize harm to their populations. We estimated avoidance rates of OWFs — the degree to which birds show reduced utilization of OWF areas — by Sandwich Terns <em>Thalasseus sandvicensis</em> at two breeding colonies in western Europe: Scolt Head (United Kingdom) and De Putten (the Netherlands). We modeled GPS tracking data using integrated Step Selection Functions (iSSFs) to estimate the relative selection of habitats at the scale of time between successive GPS relocations – in our case 10 minutes, in which terns traveled ca. 2 km on average. The foraging ranges of birds from each colony overlapped with multiple OWFs. iSSFs considered distance from the colony and habitat characteristics (water depth and sediment grain size) and movement characteristics. Macro-avoidance rates, where 1 means complete avoidance, were estimated at 0.54 (95% CrI = 0.35, 0.7) for birds originating from Scolt Head and 0.41 (95% CrI = 0.21, 0.56) for those from De Putten. Estimates for individual OWFs also indicated avoidance but were associated with considerable uncertainty. Our results were inconclusive with regard to the behavioral response to the areas directly surrounding OWFs (within 1.5 km); estimates suggested indifference and avoidance and were associated with large uncertainty. Avoidance rate of OWFs significantly increased with turbine density, suggesting OWF design may help to reduce the impact of OWFs on Sandwich Terns. The partial avoidance of OWFs by Sandwich Terns implies that the species will experience risks of collision and habitat loss due to OWFs constructed within their foraging ranges.</p>
Data from: Sensitivity analysis of collision risk at wind turbines based on flight altitude of migratory waterbirds
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Influence of rotation speed and frequency on the decision of Columba livia domestica to cross the rotor-swept area of paper blades mimicking a wind turbine
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Data from: Effect of tower base painting on willow ptarmigan collision rates with wind turbines
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Forest gaps around wind turbines attract bat species with high collision risk
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Avoidance of offshore wind farms by Sandwich Terns increases with turbine density
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Activity of forest specialist bats decreases towards wind turbines at forest sites
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Forest bat activity declines with increasing wind speed in the proximity of operating wind turbines
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Confirmation that eagle fatalities can be reduced by automated curtailment of wind turbines
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Supplemental Material to Journal Article "Assessment of a rotor blade extension retrofit as a supplement to the lifetime extension of wind turbines"
<p>This set supplements the figure data to the article "Assessment of a rotor blade extension retrofit as a supplement to the lifetime extension of wind turbines", DOI: .</p>
Stress-based assessment of the lifetime extension for wind turbines
<p>To assess of the lifetime extension (LTE) of wind turbines, the remaining fatigue budget of different turbine components is predicted. The state-of-the-art approach to predict the LTE uses a comparison of damage-<br> equivalent loads (DEL) under site conditions and design conditions. The DEL-based approach entails several simplifications, i.e., neglecting the load direction and the mean load. An analysis based on stresses can mitigate the above simplifications. In this work, the LTE of a 1.5 MW turbine is assessed on the basis of the DEL-based approach and compared to that of the stress-based approach. The assessment focuses on components which are critical for the lifetime, i.e., the blade bolts, the blade root laminate, and the main shaft. Generic models of these components are implemented to calculate stress histories for the stress-based assessment. In addition, the main assumptions that may have to be based on estimates are outlined. The analysis shows that, depending on the component, the results of the stress-based approach may differ notably from those of the DEL-based approach. The stress-based approach can be used to improve model fidelity in LTE assessments.</p> <p>Poster: <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4031027">10.5281/zenodo.4031027</a><br> Paper: <a href="http://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1618/5/052057">10.1088/1742-6596/1618/5/052057</a></p>
Data from: Automated curtailment of wind turbines reduces eagle fatalities
<ol> <li>Collision-caused fatalities of animals at wind power facilities create a 'green versus green' conflict between wildlife conservation and renewable energy. These fatalities can be mitigated via informed curtailment whereby turbines are slowed or stopped when wildlife are considered at increased risk of collision. Automated monitoring systems could improve efficacy of informed curtailment, yet such technology is undertested.</li> <li>We test the efficacy of an automated curtailment system—a camera system that detects flying objects, classifies them, and decides whether to curtail individual turbines to avoid potential collision—in reducing counts of fatalities of eagles, at Top of the World Windpower Facility (hereafter, the treatment site) in Wyoming, USA. We perform a before-after-control-impact study, comparing the number of eagle fatalities observed at the treatment site with those at a nearby (15 km) control site without automated curtailment, both before and after the implementation of automated curtailment at the treatment site.</li> <li>After correcting for carcass detection probability and scaling fatality estimates to turbine-years, we estimate that the number of fatalities at the treatment site declined by 63% (95% CI = 59% – 66%) between before and after periods while increasing at the control site by 113% (51% – 218%). In total, there was an 82% (75% – 89%) reduction in the fatality rate at the treatment site relative to the control site.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications.</i> Automated curtailment of wind turbine operation substantially reduced eagle fatalities. This technology therefore has the potential to lessen the conflict between wind energy and raptor conservation. Although automated curtailment reduced fatalities, they were not fully eliminated. Therefore, automated curtailment, as implemented here, is not a panacea and its efficacy could be improved if considered in conjunction with other mitigation actions.</li> </ol>
Data from: "Genome-wide microsatellite marker development from next-generation sequencing of two non-model bat species impacted by wind turbine mortality: Lasiurus borealis and L. cinereus (Vespertilionidae)" in Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 October 2013 to 30 November 2013
Tree-roosting bats in the genus Lasiurus are widespread, migratory species that have not been well characterized for population genetic diversity and structure due to a lack of genetic resources. Generating genetic resources in Lasiurus is made pressing by the need for conservation genetic assessments of demographic trends in this genus, which comprise a large percentage of bat mortalities at wind turbine sites across North America. We report on marker development from whole-genome Illumina sequencing of the red bat (Lasirus borealis) and the hoary bat (L. cinereus). We generated paired-end libraries for a single individual of each species, sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq platform. We mapped a total of 46.6 million reads to the Myotis lucifigus reference genome, and used bioinformatics searches to identify tends of thousands of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) distributed across the bat genome. We selected 48 candidate microsatellite loci to develop cross-species primer sequences for Lasiurus, assembled these into multiplex combinations, and tested for amplification and polymorphism levels in a sample of 23 individuals from each of L. borealis and L. cinereus. In total, we identified 42 highly polymorphic loci that could be robustly amplified and scored, the majority of which (39) were also combinable into highly multiplexed assays of 4-8 loci each. The combination of new genomic sequence assemblies, a large set of highly polymorphic microsatellite loci, and the ability to efficiently multiplex represents a significant contribution to the genetic resources available for population and comparative genetic studies of bats.
Data from: Onshore industrial wind turbine locations for the United States up to March 2014
Wind energy is a rapidly growing form of renewable energy in the United States. While summary information on the total amounts of installed capacity are available by state, a free, centralized, national, turbine-level, geospatial dataset useful for scientific research, land and resource management, and other uses did not exist. Available in multiple formats and in a web application, these public domain data provide industrial-scale onshore wind turbine locations in the United States up to March 2014, corresponding facility information, and turbine technical specifications. Wind turbine records have been collected and compiled from various public sources, digitized or position verified from aerial imagery, and quality assured and quality controlled. Technical specifications for turbines were assigned based on the wind turbine make and model as described in public literature. In some cases, turbines were not seen in imagery or turbine information did not exist or was difficult to obtain. Uncertainty associated with these is recorded in a confidence rating.
Fig. 2 in Wind Turbines as Overwintering Sites Attractive to an Invasive Lady Beetle,Harmonia axyridisPallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Fig. 2. Geographical distribution of Harmonia axyridis aggregations on wind turbines (black) and wind direction (grey), with mean vectors and 95% confidence limits.
Fig. 1 in Wind Turbines as Overwintering Sites Attractive to an Invasive Lady Beetle,Harmonia axyridisPallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Fig. 1. Points on a wind turbine where temperatures were measured (A, 1 - turbine wall, 2 - steel turbine base, 3 - plastic screw cover, 4 - concrete base, 5 - foundations, 6 - ground near each turbine) and places where Harmonia axyridis adults aggregated (B, 1 – plastic screw cover, 2 - concrete base below plastic screw cover, 3 - corner between steel turbine and concrete base, 4 - corner between base and foundation).
TinyWT: A Large-Scale Wind Turbine Dataset of Satellite Images for Tiny Object Detection
<p>This dataset is from the paper "TinyWT: A Large-Scale Wind Turbine Dataset of Satellite Images for Tiny Object Detection", which has been accepted by the WACV 2024 CV4EO Workshop.</p>
Internet Appendix for: "Disentangling wake and projection effects in the aerodynamics of wind turbines with curved blades''
<p>This is the internet appendix of the paper: "Disentangling wake and projection effects in the aerodynamics of wind turbines with curved blades"</p>
Wind turbines without curtailment produce large numbers of bat fatalities throughout their lifetime: A call against ignorance and neglect
<p>Bats are protected by national and international legislation in European countries, yet many species, particularly migratory aerial insectivores, collide with wind turbines which counteracts conservation efforts. Within the European Union it is legally required<br> to curtail the operation of wind turbines at periods of high bat activity, yet this is not practiced at old wind turbines. Based on data from the national carcass repository in Germany and from our own carcass searches at a wind park with three turbines west<br> of Berlin, we evaluated the magnitude of bat casualties at old, potentially mal-sited wind turbines operating without curtailment. We report 88 documented bat carcasses collected by various searchers over the 20-year operation period of this wind park from<br> 2001 to 2021. Common noctule bats ( Nyctalus noctula ) and common pipistrelles (Pipistrellus pipistrellus ) were most often found dead at these turbines. Our search campaign in August and September 2021 yielded a total of 18 carcasses. We estimated that at least 209 bats were likely killed during our field survey, yielding more than 70 casualties/wind turbine or 39 casualties/MW in two months. Since our campaign covered only part of the migration season, we consider this value as an underestimate. The 20-year period of the wind park emphasises the substantial impact old turbines may have on bat individuals and populations when operating without curtailments. We call for reconsidering the operation procedures of old wind turbines to stop the continuous loss of bats in Germany and other countries where turbine curtailments are even less practiced than in Germany.</p>
Diet analysis of bats killed at wind turbines suggest large-scale losses of trophic interactions
<p>Agricultural practice has led to landscape simplification and biodiversity decline, yet recently, energy producing infrastructures, such as wind turbines, have been added to these simplified agroecosystems, turning them into multi-functional energy-agroecosystems. Here, we studied the trophic interactions of bats killed at wind turbines using a DNA metabarcoding approach to shed light on how turbine-related bat fatalities may possibly feedback on local habitats. Specifically, we identified insect DNA in the stomachs of common noctule bats (<em>Nyctalus noctula</em>) killed by wind turbines in Germany to infer in which habitats these bats hunted. Common noctule bats consumed a wide variety of insects from different habitats, ranging from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems (e.g. wetlands, farmland, forests, and grasslands). Agricultural and silvicultural pest insects made up about 20% of insect species consumed by the studied bats. Our study suggests that the potential damage of wind energy production goes beyond the loss of bats and the decline of bat populations. Bat fatalities at wind turbines may lead to the loss of trophic interactions and ecosystem services provided by bats, which may add to the functional simplification and impaired crop production, respectively, in multi-functional ecosystems.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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