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1,742 results for “Activity data”
Data from: Drivers shaping the diversity and biogeography of total and active bacterial communities in the South China Sea
To test the hypothesis that different drivers shape the diversity and biogeography of the total and active bacterial community, we examined the bacterial community composition along two transects, one from the inner Pearl River estuary to the open waters of the South China Sea (SCS) and the other from the Luzon Strait to the SCS basin, using 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA and 16S rRNA gene (V1-3 regions) and thereby, characterizing the active and total bacterial community, respectively. The diversity and biogeographic patterns differed substantially between the active and total bacterial communities. Although the composition of both, the total and active bacterial community was strongly correlated with environmental factors and weakly correlated with geographic distance, the active bacterial community displayed higher environmental sensitivity than the total community and particularly, a greater distance effect largely caused by the active assemblage from deep waters. The 16S rRNA versus rDNA relationships indicated that the active bacteria were low in relative abundance in the SCS. This might be due to a high competition between active bacterial taxa as indicated by our community network models. Based on these analyses, we speculate that high competition could cause some dispersal limitation of the active bacterial community resulting in a distinct distance-decay relationship. Altogether, our results indicated that the biogeographic distribution of bacteria in the SCS is the result of both environmental control and distance-decay.
Experimental raw data for "Characterization of activated carbons for water treatment using TGA-FTIR for analysis of oxygen-containing functional groups"
<p>LICENSE: These data are made available under the Public Domain Dedication and License v1.0 whose full text can be found at: http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/pddl/1.0/</p> <p><br> This is the repository of all experimental raw data used in the Applied Water Science publication "Characterization of activated carbons for water treatment using TGA-FTIR for analysis of oxygen-containing functional groups" by Daniel Dittmann, Leon Saal, Frederik Zietzschmann, Maike Mai, Korinna Altmann, Dominik Al-Sabbagh, Pia Schumann, Aki Sebastian Ruhl, Martin Jekel, and Ulrike Braun.</p> <p>It includes<br> - Results_summary (.xlsx and .ods) containing overview tables with all numerical results for the eight selected PACs<br> - 01_N2_Adsorption_Desorption<br> - 02_Particle_Counter<br> - 03_CHNS<br> - 04_PZC<br> - 05_XPS<br> - 06_XRF<br> - 07_XRD<br> - 08_TGA-FTIR<br> - 09_PCA_all_properties<br> - 10_OMP_removals</p> <p>Subfolders are provided for<br> - "Raw_Data"<br> - "processed_for_plotting" with Origin files<br> - "easyPCA" with data for principal component analyses using Jupyter Notesbooks from https://github.com/danield5732/easyPCA</p>
Lytic activity data summary
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Raw data for 'Light-Activated 3D Printed Fish-Like Actuator'
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raw data of BUB1B promotes gemcitabine resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
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Raw Data of Inhibition of Neddylation Disturbs Zygotic Genome Activation Through Histone Modification Change and Leads to Early Development Arrest in Mouse Embryos
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Ephemeris data for: "Planet activeness: a new concept to enhance the accuracy of Astromet weather forecast"
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Astrometeorology is an ancient science, that addresses the relationship between planet position and weather events. Several Indian studies proved that astrometeorology could be a complementary method to improve numerical weather forecast accuracy. Since 2011, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University is involved in astrometeorological research and devised a novel concept "Planet Activeness Chart". The principle is that "planets' influence on a location's weather varies throughout the day and may be negative, inactive, active, highly active and rule depending on their angle to that location". Most existing astrometeorological studies used planetary position to predict the occurrence of weather events (yes/no) but failed to capture the intensity of such events. The "Planet Activeness Concept" could address this limitation and enhance forecast usability.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: A study was carried out from 2018 to 2021 with six years of data (2011-16) to verify the "planet activeness" on hourly rainfall and wind speed events in Tamil Nadu. The frequency of planet activeness for a weather event was calculated by dividing the number of times a planet was in the selected activeness during a specific event category by the total number of events.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The results indicated that the negative state of the Sun, and the active status of Saturn, Uranus, Venus, and Moon were positively associated with rainfall intensity. The windy planets Mercury and Neptune being in active states, the Sun and Saturn in rule states, Venus and Uranus in negative states, and Jupiter at a highly active state all had a significant influence on the increased wind speed.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Applying the planet activeness concept with azimuth could enhance the accuracy and usability of Astrometeorological forecasts. This study establishes a mathematical relationship between planet activeness and weather as a first step to understanding the science behind this relationship. It is suggested to study different combinations of planets' activeness during a weather event for more insights.</p>
ChEMBL Data for 'Achieving Well-Informed Decision-Making in Drug Discovery: A Comprehensive Calibration Study using Neural Network-Based Structure-Activity Models'
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Spatial patterns and effects of invasive plants on soil microbial activity and diversity along river corridors - raw data
<p>environmental data, plant community data, CLPP profiles, microbial activity data</p>
Data for publication: "Surface activation of Hastalex by vacuum argon plasma for cytocompatibility enhancement"
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p><span>Here, we present surface analysis and biocompatibility evaluation of novel composite material based on graphene oxide traded as Hastalex. First, the surface morphology and elemental analysis of the pristine material were examined by atomic force and scanning electron microscopies, and by energy-dispersive and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, respectively. The Hastalex surface was then modified by plasma (3 and 8 W with exposure times up to 240 s), the impact of which on the material surface wettability and morphology was further evaluated. In addition, the material aging was studied at room and elevated temperatures. Significant changes in surface roughness, morphology, and area were detected at the nanometre scale after plasma exposure. An increase in oxygen content due to the plasma exposure was observed both for 3 and 8 W. The plasma treatment had an outstanding effect on the cytocompatibility of Hastalex foil treated at both input powers of 3 and 8 W. The cell number of human MRC-5 fibroblasts on Hastalex foils exposed to plasma increased significantly compared to pristine Hastalex and even to tissue culture polystyrene. The plasma exposure also affected the fibroblasts’ cell growth and shape.</span></p>
Data for publication: "Plasma-Activated Polydimethylsiloxane Microstructured Pattern with Collagen for Improved Myoblast Cell Guidance"
<p>Abstract</p> <p>We focused on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a substrate for replication, micropatterning, and construction of biologically active surfaces. The novelty of this study is based on the combination of the argon plasma exposure of a micropatterned PDMS scaffold, where the plasma served as a strong tool for subsequent grafting of collagen coatings and their application as cell growth scaffolds, where the standard was significantly exceeded. As part of the scaffold design, templates with a patterned microstructure of different dimensions (50 × 50, 50 × 20, and 30 × 30 μm2) were created by photolithography followed by pattern replication on a PDMS polymer substrate. Subsequently, the prepared microstructured PDMS replicas were coated with a type I collagen layer. The sample preparation was followed by the characterization of material surface properties using various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To evaluate the biocompatibility of the produced samples, we conducted studies on the interactions between selected polymer replicas and micro- and nanostructures and mammalian cells. Specifically, we utilized mouse myoblasts (C2C12), and our results demonstrate that we achieved excellent cell alignment in conjunction with the development of a cytocompatible surface. Consequently, the outcomes of this research contribute to an enhanced comprehension of surface properties and interactions between structured polymers and mammalian cells. The use of periodic microstructures has the potential to advance the creation of novel materials and scaffolds in tissue engineering. These materials exhibit exceptional biocompatibility and possess the capacity to promote cell adhesion and growth.</p> <p> </p>
Supporting data for "Simultaneous monitoring of crystalline active materials and resistance evolution in lithium-sulfur batteries"
<p>This is the dataset of electrochemical and operando X-ray diffracytion experiments for our publication "Simultaneous monitoring of crystalline active materials and resistance evolution in lithium-sulfur batteries". This archive contains the raw data and scripts written in R used in the analysis and presentation of the results in this manuscript.</p> <p><strong>Abstract for the manuscript:</strong></p> <p>Operando X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a valuable tool for studying secondary battery materials as it allows for the direct correlation of electrochemical behavior with structural changes of crystalline active materials. This is especially true for the lithium-sulfur chemistry, in which energy storage capability depends on the complex growth and dissolution kinetics of lithium sulfide (Li<sub>2</sub>S) and sulfur (S<sub>8</sub>) during discharge and charge, respectively. In this work, we present a novel development of this method through combining operando XRD with simultaneous and continuous resistance measurement using an Intermittent Current Interruption (ICI) method. We show that a coefficient of diffusion resistance, which reflects the transport properties in the sulfur/carbon composite electrode, can be determined from analysis of each current interruption. Its relationship to the established Warburg impedance model is validated theoretically and experimentally. We also demonstrate for an optimized electrode formulation and cell construction that the diffusion resistance increases sharply at the discharge end point, which is consistent with the blocking of pores in the carbon host matrix. The combination of XRD with ICI allows for a direct correlation of structural changes with not only electrochemical properties but also energy loss processes at a non-equilibrium state, and therefore is potentially highly valuable for the study of many other energy storage chemistries.</p>
Attentional bias for physical activity: eye-tracking data
<p><strong>Dataset related to the paper entitled "Physically active individuals look for more: An eye tracking study of attentional bias". </strong></p> <p>This dataset includes:</p> <p>1) A workbook</p> <p>2) Raw data of the behavioral outcome (i.e., reaction times) of the visual dot probe task</p> <p>"dpt_sample1_27_05_2019.csv" for the sample 1.</p> <p>"dpt_sample2_27_05_2019.csv" for the sample 2.</p> <p>3) Raw data of the eye-tracking outcomes (i.e., Gaze Data)</p> <p>4) Self-reported data</p> <p>"data_all_SR.Rdata" for the sample 1</p> <p>"data_SR1_inhib.RData" for the sample 2</p> <p>4) R script for the data management of the raw RT</p> <p>"Data_management_DPT_RT.R". This script leads to the file "dpt_behavioral_both_sample.RData", which merges the behavioral data of both sample with the self-reported data.</p> <p>5) Raw data of the eye-tracking outcomes</p> <p>"Data_management_DPT_Gaze_13_06_2019". This script leads to the file "dpt_both_sample_EyeTrack.RData", which merge the gaze data of both sample with the self-reported data.</p> <p>6) R script for the models tested on the behavioral and eye-tracking outcomes</p> <p>"Models_zenodo"</p> <p>7) the visual dot probe task (e-prime script)</p> <p>"DPT_Eyetracker.7z". This file contains the e-prime script as well as the images used in the visual dot probe task</p>
Data for JGR - Drought Differently Impacts Vegetation Activity According to the Bedrock Types and Sub-seasons
<p>For peer review purposes only</p>
Data for Single-molecule Detection of Modified Amino Acid Regulating Transcriptional Activity
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Data from: Hysteretic dynamics of active particles in a periodic orienting field
Active motion of living organisms and artificial self-propelling particles has been an area of intense research at the interface of biology, chemistry and physics. Significant progress in understanding these phenomena has been related to the observation that dynamic self-organization in active systems has much in common with ordering in equilibrium condensed matter such as spontaneous magnetization in ferromagnets. The velocities of active particles may behave similar to magnetic dipoles and develop global alignment, although interactions between the individuals might be completely different. In this work, we show that the dynamics of active particles in external fields can also be described in a way that resembles equilibrium condensed matter. It follows simple general laws, which are independent of the microscopic details of the system. The dynamics is revealed through hysteresis of the mean velocity of active particles subjected to a periodic orienting field. The hysteresis is measured in computer simulations and experiments on unicellular organisms. We find that the ability of the particles to follow the field scales with the ratio of the field variation period to the particles' orientational relaxation time, which, in turn, is related to the particle self-propulsion power and the energy dissipation rate. The collective behaviour of the particles due to aligning interactions manifests itself at low frequencies via increased persistence of the swarm motion when compared with motion of an individual. By contrast, at high field frequencies, the active group fails to develop the alignment and tends to behave like a set of independent individuals even in the presence of interactions. We also report on asymptotic laws for the hysteretic dynamics of active particles, which resemble those in magnetic systems. The generality of the assumptions in the underlying model suggests that the observed laws might apply to a variety of dynamic phenomena from the motion of synthetic active particles to crowd or opinion dynamics.
Data from: Experimental priming of independent and interdependent activity does not affect culturally-variable psychological processes
Cultural psychologists have shown that people from Western countries exhibit more independent self-construal and analytic (rule-based) cognition than people from East Asia, who exhibit more interdependent self-construal and holistic (relationship-based) cognition. One explanation for this cross-cultural variation is the ecocultural hypothesis, which links contemporary psychological differences to ancestral differences in subsistence and societal cohesion: Western thinking formed in response to solitary herding, which fostered independence, while East Asian thinking emerged in response to communal rice farming, which fostered interdependence. Here, we report two experiments that tested the ecocultural hypothesis in the laboratory. In both, participants played one of two tasks designed to recreate the key factors of working alone and working together. Before and after each task, participants completed psychological measures of independent–interdependent self-construal and analytic–holistic cognition. We found no convincing evidence that either solitary or collective tasks affected any of the measures in the predicted directions. This fails to support the ecocultural hypothesis. However, it may also be that our priming tasks are inappropriate or inadequate for simulating subsistence-related behavioural practices, or that these measures are fixed early in development and therefore not experimentally primable, despite many previous studies that have purported to find such priming effects.
Data from: Macrophages contribute to the cyclic activation of adult hair follicle stem cells
Skin epithelial stem cells operate within a complex signaling milieu that orchestrates their lifetime regenerative properties. The question of whether and how immune cells impact on these stem cells within their niche is not well understood. Here we show that skin-resident macrophages decrease in number because of apoptosis before the onset of epithelial hair follicle stem cell activation during the murine hair cycle. This process is linked to distinct gene expression, including Wnt transcription. Interestingly, by mimicking this event through the selective induction of macrophage apoptosis in early telogen, we identify a novel involvement of macrophages in stem cell activation in vivo. Importantly, the macrophage-specific pharmacological inhibition of Wnt production delays hair follicle growth. Thus, perifollicular macrophages contribute to the activation of skin epithelial stem cells as a novel, additional cue that regulates their regenerative activity. This finding may have translational implications for skin repair, inflammatory skin diseases and cancer.
Data from: Back-tracking during navigation shows enhanced anterior cingulate activity and suppression of alpha oscillations and 'default-mode' brain activity
Successful navigation can require realising the current path choice was a mistake and the best strategy is to retreat along the recent path: 'back-tracking'. Despite the wealth of studies on the neural correlates of navigation little is known about back-tracking. To explore the neural underpinnings of back-tracking we tested humans during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on their ability to navigate to a set of goal locations in a virtual desert island riven by lava which constrained path that could be taken. We found that on a subset of trials, participants spontaneously chose to back-track and that the majority of these choices were optimal. During back-tracking, activity increased in frontal regions and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, while activity was suppressed in regions associated with the core default-mode network. Using the same task, magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a separate group of participants we found that power in the alpha band was significantly decreased immediately prior to such back-tracking events. These results highlight the importance for navigation of brain networks previously identified in processing internally-generated errors and that such error-detection responses may involve shifting the brain from default-mode states to aid successful spatial orientation.
Data from: Patterns of thermal constraint on ectotherm activity
Thermal activity constraints play a major role in many aspects of ectotherm ecology, including vulnerability to climate change. Therefore, there is strong interest in developing general models of the temperature dependence of activity. Several models have been put forth (explicitly or implicitly) to describe such constraints; nonetheless, tests of the predictive abilities of these models are lacking. In addition, most models consider activity as a threshold trait instead of considering continuous changes in the vigor of activity among individuals. Using field data for a tropical lizard (Anolis cristatellus) and simulations parameterized by our observations, we determine how well various threshold and continuous-activity models match observed activity patterns. No models accurately predicted activity under all of the thermal conditions that we considered. In addition, simulations showed that the performance of threshold models decreased as temperatures increased, which is a troubling finding given the threat of global climate change. We also find that activity rates are more sensitive to temperature than are the physiological traits often used as a proxy for fitness. We present a model of thermal constraint on activity that integrates aspects of both the threshold model and the continuous-activity model, the general features of which are supported by activity data from other species. Overall, our results demonstrate that greater attention should be given to fine-scale patterns of thermal constraint on activity.
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