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FIGURE 3. A–B. Phascolosoma arcuatum. A in Peanut worms of the phylum Sipuncula from the Nha Trang Bay (South China Sea) with a key to species

FIGURE 3. A–B. Phascolosoma arcuatum. A) lateral view, retracted introvert; B) hook. C–D. P. nigrescens. C) ventral view, introvert everted; D) hooks of P. nigrescens. E–F. P. s c o l o p s. E) lateral view, introvert everted; F) hook (black arrow – triangle of hook; black arrowhead-clear streak). G–I. P. stephensoni. G) lateral view, retracted introvert; H) hook; I) the row of hooks (black asterisk-basal warts). Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B, 50 µm; C, 10 mm; D, 50 µm; E, 5 mm; F, 50 µm; G, 5 mm; H–I, 50 µm.

FIGURE 8. A in Gelasimus splendidus Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae), a valid species of fiddler crab from the northern South China Sea and Taiwan Strait

FIGURE 8. A Bayesian inference (BI) tree for Uca chlorophthalmus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), U. crassipes (White, 1947) and U. splendida (Stimpson, 1858) from the Indo-West Pacific and outgroups, based on COI gene. Probability values at the nodes represent support values for BI, maximum likelihood (MI) and maximum parsimony (MP). "*" indicates specimens from the type locality of U. splendida or U. crassipes. For haplotype names, see Table 1.

FIGURE 7 in Gelasimus splendidus Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae), a valid species of fiddler crab from the northern South China Sea and Taiwan Strait

FIGURE 7. The distal part of right G1 (in mesial view) of Uca chlorophthalmus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) (A), U. crassipes (White, 1947) (B) and U. splendida (Stimpson, 1858) (C), with similar carapace widths around 19.1 mm. Specimens used are the same in (D) of Fig. 6.

FIGURE 6 in Gelasimus splendidus Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae), a valid species of fiddler crab from the northern South China Sea and Taiwan Strait

FIGURE 6. Morphology of different sizes of Uca chlorophthalmus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), U. crassipes (White, 1847) and U. splendida (Stimpson, 1858) males (top, middle and bottom in B–D). A, left: U. crassipes, 11.2 mm (Guam; ZRC 2000.0637) and right: U. splendida, 11.3 mm (Hainan, China; NCHUZOOL 13449). B, 13.1 mm (Kenya; NCHUZOOL 13498), 13.1 mm (Cocos-Keeling; ZRC) and 13.0 mm (New Taipei, Taiwan; NCHUZOOL 13446), respectively. C, 16.2 mm (Mayotte; MNHN- IU-2011-5601), 16.3 (Cocos-Keeling; ZRC) and 16.2 mm (Penghu, Taiwan; NCHUZOOL 13481), respectively. D, 19.2 mm (Mayotte; MNHN-IU-2011-5600), 19.1 mm (Philippines; NCHUZOOL 13473), 19.2 mm (Penghu, Taiwan; NCHUZOOL 13456), respectively. E, top: U. crassipes, 23.1 mm (Dongsha, Taiwan; NCHUZOOL 13464) and bottom: U. splendida, 23.5 mm (Penghu, Taiwan; NCHUZOOL 13488). Some males' chelae are separated from the body.

FIGURE 5 in Gelasimus splendidus Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae), a valid species of fiddler crab from the northern South China Sea and Taiwan Strait

FIGURE 5. Uca crassipes (White, 1847). Live coloration of adults (A–D, F) and juvenile (E). Photos taken from Dongsha Island, Taiwan (A–E) and Cocos-Keeling, Australia (F).

FIGURE 4 in Gelasimus splendidus Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae), a valid species of fiddler crab from the northern South China Sea and Taiwan Strait

FIGURE 4. Uca splendida (Stimpson, 1858). Live coloration of adults (A–E) and juvenile (F); C and D, the same female with different views; G, a population with high density near the bank; H, a female U. splendida (left) and a male U. crassipes (White, 1947) (right) sympatric in one locality, with reddish eyestalks for the former and greenish eyestalks for the latter. Photos taken from Cingluo (A–E, H) and Citou (F, G), Penghu, Taiwan.

FIGURE 2 in Gelasimus splendidus Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae), a valid species of fiddler crab from the northern South China Sea and Taiwan Strait

FIGURE 2. Uca splendida (Stimpson, 1858). G1 of neotype (ZRC 2012.0143); A, right G1, lateral view; B, distal part of right G1, lateral view; C, distal part of right G1, mesial view.

FIGURE 1 in Gelasimus splendidus Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae), a valid species of fiddler crab from the northern South China Sea and Taiwan Strait

FIGURE 1. Collection sites for specimens of Uca splendida (Stimpson, 1858) and U. crassipes (White, 1847) used in this study: blue triangles (nos. 9–12) for U. splendida; red solid circles (nos. 1–3, 5, 13–18) for U. crassipes; and purple squares (nos. 4, 6–8) for both species sympatrically. Red empty circles mean the additional records of U. crassipes from other references (Sakai 1939; Crane 1975; Yoshigou 2001). Different lines indicate the updated ranges of the two species.

FIGURE 3 in Gelasimus splendidus Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae), a valid species of fiddler crab from the northern South China Sea and Taiwan Strait

FIGURE 3. Uca splendida (Stimpson, 1858). A–C, neotype (ZRC 2012.0143). A, habitus, dorsal view; B, right major chela; C, frontal view.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of the deepwater clingfish genus Kopua (Gobiesociformes: Gobiesocidae) from the East China Sea—an example of antitropicality?

FIGURE 3. Lateral and dorsal photographs of live colouration of Kopua japonica sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-P 106831, 29.6 mm SL (photo: M. Okamoto).

FIGURE 2 in Elzalia heterospiculata sp. nov. (Nematoda: Monhysterida: Xyalidae) from the South China Sea

FIGURE 2. Elzalia heterospiculata sp. nov. (A) anterior end of male, showing buccal cavity, cephalic seta, amphideal fovea; (B) anterior end of female; (C) entire view of female, showing vulva, ovary and eggs; (D) pharyngeal region of male; (E) posterior end of male, showing spicules, gubernaculum, and precloacal supplements; (F) gubernaculum and distal end of spicule; (G) female vulval region, showing vagina, spermathecae and vaginal glands.

FIGURE 3 in Elzalia heterospiculata sp. nov. (Nematoda: Monhysterida: Xyalidae) from the South China Sea

FIGURE 3. Elzalia heterospiculata sp. nov. (A) anterior end of male, showing buccal cavity; (B) anterior end of male, showing amphideal fovea and cephalic setae; (C) posterior end of male, showing right spicule (short) and gubernaculum; (D) posterior end of male, showing left spicule (long). Scale bars: 20 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Elzalia heterospiculata sp. nov. (Nematoda: Monhysterida: Xyalidae) from the South China Sea

FIGURE 1. Map of sampling stations in the northeast region of the South China Sea and the Luzon Strait.

FIGURES 59–62. Disporella xianqiureni n in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 59–62. Disporella xianqiureni n. sp. Lingshan Island. 59, 60. Holotype MBM 284332. 59. General view. 60. Detail of the indistinct gonozooid with ooeciopore. 61. Paratype MBM 284347, detail of the ooeciopore with prominent lips and numerous spines inside the kenozooids and autozooids. 62. Paratype MBM 284345, showing the position of the gonozooid. Scale bars: 59–62 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 54–58 in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 54–58. Patinella? guanformis n. sp. Daheilan. 54–57. Holotype MBM 284391. 54. Position of the gonozooid. 55. Digitate gonozooid with the ooeciopore on the edge of the prolongations. 56. Large alveoli with spines inside. 57. Details of the gonozooid with the large opening (arrowed). 58. Paratype MBM 284467, showing row of apertures with visible spines inside. Scale bars: 54, 55, 57, 58 = 100 µm; 56 = 10 µm.

FIGURES 50–53. Microeciella parvoris n in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 50–53. Microeciella parvoris n. sp. Jiaozhou Bay. 50. Holotype MBM 284365, showing the position of the minute gonozooid. 51, 52. Paratype MBM 092366. 51. Minute gonozooid on the margin of the colony with an oval ooeciopore attached to the autozooidal tube. 52. Gonozooid showing a more circular ooeciopore. 53. Holotype MBM 284365, marginal gonozooid with a circular ooeciopore. Scale bars: 50 = 1 mm; 51–53 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 46–49. Hemipustulopora tuoyuan n in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 46–49. Hemipustulopora tuoyuan n. sp. Jiaozhou Bay. 46, 47. Holotype MBM 284503. 46. Very large gonozooid. 47. Detail of the pseudopores. 48. Paratype MBM 284360, detail of the elongate ooeciopore attached to the autozooidal tube. 49. Paratype MBM 284358, dorsal side of the colony showing minute pseudopores. Scale bars: 46, 49 = 1 mm; 47 = 10 µm; 48 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 11–15. Tubulipora perforata n in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 11–15. Tubulipora perforata n. sp. from Jiaozhou Bay (Qingdao). 11, 12. Holotype MBM 284359 from Jiaozhou Bay. 11. Autozooids arranged in fascicles of 2–10 autozooidal tubes. 12. Part of the gonozooecium and ooeciopore. 13. MBM 284369, colony with marginal autozooids. 14. MBM 284490, protoecium with smooth margins. 15. MBM 284346, oval ooeciopore adjacent to the proximal margin of the closest distal autozooidal tube. Scale bars: 11, 13 = 1 mm; 12, 14, 15 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 7–10 in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 7–10. Tubulipora similis Liu in Liu, Yin & Ma, 2001, specimens MBM 284496 from First Bathing Beach. 7. General view of the specimen. 8. Protoecium. 9, 10. Gonozooid and details of the ooeciopore. Scale bars: 7 = 1 mm; 8–10 = 100 µm.

FIGURES 16–21. Exidmonea intercalata n in Cyclostome bryozoans from Qingdao, South Yellow Sea, China

FIGURES 16–21. Exidmonea intercalata n. sp. Lingshan Island. 16–18. Holotype MBM 284444 from Lingshan Island. 16. General view showing the position of gonozooids. 17. Detail of the gonozooid situated at bifurcation. 18. Detail of the ooeciopore hidden between bifurcating branches and forming a down-curved, swan-neck shape. 19. Paratype MBM 284470, showing the position of the gonozooid and cross-section of the triangular branch. 20. Dorsal side of specimens MBM 284469, showing circular pseudopores. 21. Paratype MBM 284470, detail of the ooeciopore. Scale bars: 16 = 1 mm; 17–21 = 100 µm.