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Supplemental materials of: Ignored biodiversity in acid soil islands in karst areas, South China: Impatiens longlinensis (Balsaminaceae), a new critically endangered species
<p><span>The karst area in South China is<i> </i>notable for its fragile vegetation and unique flora with many narrow endemics, and is one of the most threatened biodiversity hotspots in the world. However, the biodiversity of acid soil areas scattered in the karst area have previously been underestimated. With a recent increase of new discoveries of plants and animals, the conservation of biodiversity in these acid soil areas has become urgent. This study deals with a new species, <b><i>Impatiens</i> </b><b><i>longlinensis</i></b>. The new species is similar to <i>I. yui</i> S.H.Huang and <i>I. lasiophyton </i>Hook.f. in having pubescence, two lateral sepals, funnelform lower sepal, and linear capsule. But it can be distinguished by having orbicular to obovate dorsal sepals and oblong to elliptic lower and upper lobes of lateral united petals. Moreover, molecular data and micro-morphological evidence also support that the species is new to science. The new species is only known from a valley near the summit of Mt. Jinzhongshan within an area of less than 5 km<sup>2</sup>. Based on the Red List Categories and Criteria developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and the threat posed by exploitation for tourism development, we categorize it as Critically Endangered (CR).</span></p>
Figure 1 in Reproductive biology of the endangered wattled curassow (Crax globulosa; Galliformes: Cracidae) in the Juruá River Basin, Western Brazilian Amazonia
Figure 1. Main places where Crax globulosa nests (bullets) were found in tributaries of the Jurua River. Flooded environments (várzea and paleo floodplains) are near the river and other tributaries, while Terra firme farther and lighter.
Figure 1 in Time-lapse photography reveals the occurrence of unexpected bee-pollination in Calanthe izuinsularis, an endangered orchid endemic to the Izu archipelago
Figure 1. Flowers and insect visitors of Calanthe izuinsularis. (a) Photoscotosia lucicolens; (b) Odontopera arida melanchonica; (c) Noctuidae sp.; (d) Geometridae sp.; (e) Trichoplusia intermixta; (f) Diarsia deparca; (g) Paliga minnehaha; (h) Serrodes campanus; (i) Lasioglossum apristum; (j) Lasioglossum occidens; (k) Lasioglossum occidens. The pollinaria indicated by white arrows can be seen attached to the bee's mesothorax.
Figure 4 in Reinforcement as a conservation tool - assessing site fidelity and movement of the endangered elongated tortoise Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1854)
Figure 4. Example of a male tortoise's MCP and KDE home ranges. Habitat use intensity is displayed as a grid clipped with 95% KDE outline (red = high use intensity; green = low use intensity; grid cell size = 10 m), the 50% core area is displayed as a stippled polygon. (A) Total MCP and overall KDE home range; (B) RS MCP and KDE home range; (C) DS MCP and KDE home range. Map designed using ArcGis 9.3.
Figure 3 in Reinforcement as a conservation tool - assessing site fidelity and movement of the endangered elongated tortoise Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1854)
Figure 3. MCP home ranges for all radio-telemetered tortoises; left = females; right = males. Map designed using ArcGis 9.3.
Figure 2 in Reinforcement as a conservation tool - assessing site fidelity and movement of the endangered elongated tortoise Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1854)
Figure 2. Incremental area analysis plots for (A) MCPs; (B) 95% KDE; and (C) core areas. Grey bars represent ranges of mean MCP and KDE area.
Figure 1 in Reinforcement as a conservation tool - assessing site fidelity and movement of the endangered elongated tortoise Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1854)
Figure 1. Map displaying the location of the KPWS in northern Cambodia as well as extent and location of the major habitat types. Map designed using ArcGis 9.3. Elevation data: CGIAR SRTM (Jarvis et al. 2008). Protected area shape file: IUCN and UNEP-WCMC (2010).
Figure 3 in Known status of the endangered western Palaearctic violet click beetle (Limoniscus violaceus) (Coleoptera)
Figure 3. Distribution of Limoniscus violaceus. ◦ Last record before 1980; ® last record 1980–1999; • last record in 2000 or later.
Figure 2 in Known status of the endangered western Palaearctic violet click beetle (Limoniscus violaceus) (Coleoptera)
Figure 2. Typical trees harbouring Limoniscus violaceus in different parts of Europe. (A) Old coppiced oak (France); (B) Tilia sp. (Hungary); (C) Fagus sylvatica (Germany); (D) Pollard oak (France).
Poor quality monitoring data underestimate the impact of Australia's megafires on a critically endangered songbird
<p>Aim: Catastrophic events such as south-eastern Australia's 2019/20 megafires are predicted to increase in frequency and severity under climate change. Rapid, well-informed conservation prioritisation will become increasingly crucial for minimising biodiversity losses resulting from megafires. However, such assessments are susceptible to bias, because the quality of monitoring data underpinning knowledge of species' distributions is highly variable and they fail to account for differences in life-history traits such as aggregative breeding. We aimed to assess how impact estimates of the 2019/20 megafires on the critically endangered regent honeyeater <i>Anthochaera phrygia </i>varied according to the quality of available input data and assessment methodology.</p> <p>Innovation: Using Google Earth Engine Burnt Area Mapping, we estimated the impact of the megafires on the regent honeyeater using six monitoring datasets that differ in quality and temporal span. These datasets are representative of the variable quality of monitoring data available for assessing fire impact on 326 other threatened species; most are poorly monitored and few have standardised, species-specific monitoring programs. We found that assessments based on Area of Occupancy (AOO), Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and public sightings underestimated the fire impact relative to recent, targeted monitoring datasets; a MaxEnt model, sightings from a national monitoring program and nest locations since 2015. Using an impact threshold of 30% of habitat burned, regent honeyeaters would not meet this criteria using estimates derived from EOO, AOO or public sightings, but would exceed the cut-off based on estimates derived from the targeted monitoring data that account for population density.</p> <p>Main conclusions: To ensure that conservation prioritisation has the greatest capacity to minimise biodiversity losses, we highlight the need to improve targeted, threatened species monitoring. We demonstrate the importance of using recent, standardised monitoring data to estimate accurately the impact of major ecological disturbances, particularly for declining, nomadic species undergoing range contractions.</p>
Figure 2 in Prey selection by the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah in central Iran
Figure 2. Proportion of cheetah primary prey species in its diet and in the study area. Number of prey as cheetah kills by species: wild sheep = 18; Persian ibex = 10; Jebeer gazelle = 3. Number of ungulates available as prey by species: wild sheep = 258; Persian ibex = 248; Jebeer gazelle = 34.
Figure 3 in Prey selection by the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah in central Iran
Figure 3. Jacobs selectivity index for (A) the cheetahs' two mountain preys and (B) all three preys in Dare-Anjir Wildlife Refuge. SM, male wild sheep; SF, female wild sheep; IM, male ibex; IF, female ibex; JM, male Jebeer; JF, female Jebeer.
Protected by dragons: density surface modeling confirms large population of the critically endangered Yellow-crested Cockatoo on Komodo island
<p>Intense trapping of the critically endangered Yellow-crested Cockatoo <em>Cacatua sulphurea</em> for the International pet trade has devastated its populations across Indonesia such that populations >100 individuals remain at only a handful of sites. We combined distance sampling with density surface modeling (DSM) to predict local densities and estimate total population size for one of these areas, Komodo Island, part of Komodo National Park (KNP) in Indonesia. We modeled local density based on topography (topographic wetness index) and habitat types (percentage of palm savanna and deciduous monsoon forest). Our population estimate of 1,113 (95% CI: 587–2,109) individuals on Komodo Island was considerably larger than previous conservative estimates. Our density surface maps showed cockatoos to be absent over much of the island, but present at high densities in wooded valleys. Coincidence between our DSM and a set of independent cockatoo observations was high (93%).<br> Standardized annual counts by KNP staff in selected areas of the island showed increases in cockatoo records from <400 in 2011 to ~650 in 2017. Taken together, our results indicate that KNP, alongside and indeed because of preserving its iconic Komodo Dragons <em>Varanus komodoensis</em>, is succeeding in protecting a significant population of Indonesia's rarest cockatoo species. To our knowledge this is the first time DSM has been applied to a Critically Endangered species. Our findings highlight the potential of DSM for locating abundance hotspots, identifying habitat associations, and estimating global population size in a range of threatened taxa, especially if independent datasets can be used to validate model predictions.</p>
Genetic diversity and population structure of two endangered neotropical parrots inform In Situ and Ex Situ conservation strategies
<p></p><p>A key aspect in the conservation of endangered populations is understanding patterns of genetic variation and structure, which can provide managers with critical information to support evidence-based status assessments and management strategies. This is especially important for species with small wild and larger captive populations, as found in many endangered parrots. We used genotypic data to assess genetic variation and structure in wild and captive populations of two endangered parrots, the blue-throated macaw, Ara glaucogularis, of Bolivia, and the thick-billed parrot, Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha, of Mexico. In the blue-throated macaw, we found evidence of weak genetic differentiation between wild northern and southern subpopulations, and between wild and captive populations. In the thick-billed parrot we found no signal of differentiation between the Madera and Tutuaca breeding colonies or between wild and captive populations. Similar levels of genetic diversity were detected in the wild and captive populations of both species, with private alleles detected in captivity in both, and in the wild in the thick-billed parrot. We found genetic signatures of a bottleneck in the northern blue-throated macaw subpopulation, but no such signal was identified in any other subpopulation of either species. Our results suggest both species could potentially benefit from reintroduction of genetic variation found in captivity, and emphasize the need for genetic management of captive populations.</p><p></p>
Figure 4. The largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis. A in Species delineation and global population structure of Critically Endangered sawfishes (Pristidae)
Figure 4. The largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis. A, dorsal view of specimen from north-western Australia (photo: W. White); B, line drawing from FAO Species Catalogues.
Figure 1. Measurements adopted for Pristidae. A in Species delineation and global population structure of Critically Endangered sawfishes (Pristidae)
Figure 1. Measurements adopted for Pristidae. A, dorsal view: (1) total length; distance from rostrum tip to (2) eye, (3) spiracle, (4) pectoral fin insertion, (5) pelvic fin insertion, (6) first dorsal fin origin, (7) second dorsal fin origin, and (8) upper caudal fin origin; distance between bases, (15) interdorsal; distance between inner corners, (19) eyes, (20) spiracles, (106) eye length, and (107) spiracle length; rostrum measurements, (54) total length, (55) standard length, (57) rostrum width anterior, (61) rostrum width posterior, (62) interlateral rostral tooth anterior, and (67) interlateral rostral tooth posterior. B, ventral view, distance from rostrum tip to: (9) outer nostril, (10) mouth, (11) first gill, (12) third gill, and (13) posterior cloaca; distance between inner corners, (21) nostrils; pectoral fin lengths, (33) anterior margin, (34) posterior margin, (35) inner margin, and (36) base; other measurements, (28) mouth width, (30) nostril length, (32) clasper outer length. C, lateral view, first dorsal fin lengths: (41) anterior margin, (42) posterior margin, (43) height, (44) inner margin, and (45) base; second dorsal fin lengths: (46) anterior margin, (47) posterior margin, (48) height, (49) inner margin, and (50) base; caudal fin lengths, (51) upper lobe, (52) posterior margin, and (53) lower lobe. Drawings from Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Species Catalogues.
Figure 3 in Species delineation and global population structure of Critically Endangered sawfishes (Pristidae)
Figure 3. Majority-rule consensus tree of 10 000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates constructed using maximum parsimony based on 480-bp sequences of the mitochondrial DNA gene NADH-2 of sawfish specimens sampled along the geographical range of the group. Clades with high bootstrap support are coloured with geographical origin noted. Outgroup species included in the analyses were Aetobatus narinari, Raja rhina, Dasyatis annotata, and Rhizoprionodon porosus (available from G. Naylor's database).
Figure 2 in Species delineation and global population structure of Critically Endangered sawfishes (Pristidae)
Figure 2. Plot of Pristis spp. individuals projected onto the first two canonical factors for visualization of the ordering of the taxa in the multivariate space based on body morphometrics and number of rostral teeth. Pristis pristis group dots are coloured by ocean basin: Atlantic in red, Indo-West Pacific in orange, and Eastern Pacific in black; other Pristis species are coloured as follows: Pristis zijsron in blue, Pristis pectinata in green, and Pristis clavata in grey.
Figure 1 in Mitogenomics of the endangered Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) reveals dramatic loss of diversity and supports historical gene-flow between Atlantic and eastern Mediterranean populations
Figure 1. Sampling sites (number of specimens per location in brackets) with the current Mediterranean monk seal distribution range in green.
FIGURE 1 in New localities of endangered Chinese turtles from museum specimens and the practical and ethical challenges using and reporting natural history collection data
FIGURE 1. Revised distribution of Platysternon megacephalum combining previously known localities (Iverson, 1992; Iverson et al., 2000) with records from the Institute of Zoology, China. Circles represent 41 previously reported localities, stars represent 11 new records.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.