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Figure 1 in Diversity and abundance of Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) on horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) in an urban environment: a comparison between Greece and the Czech Republic
Figure 1 Species composition of Phytoseiidae onAesculus hippocastanumin České Budějovice (left)
Figure 1 in The European Tertiary Neritiliidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Neritopsina): indicators of tropical submarine cave environments and freshwater faunas
Figure 1. Location of the fossil localities (★).
Spatial and temporal variation in phenotypes and fitness in response to developmental thermal environments
<p>1) Phenotypic variation within populations is influenced by the environment via plasticity and natural selection. How phenotypes respond to the environment can vary among traits, populations, and life stages in ways that can influence fitness.</p> <p>2) Plastic responses during early development are particularly important because they can affect components of fitness throughout an individual's life. Consequently, how natural selection shapes developmental plasticity could be influenced by fitness consequences across different life stages. Moreover, spatial variation in selection pressures could generate differences in plastic responses among populations.</p> <p>3) To gain insight into sources of variation in phenotypes and survival, we used a laboratory egg incubation experiment using brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei) from mainland (ancestral) and island (descendent) populations, combined with a mark-release-recapture experiment in the field. Our study was designed to (i) quantify the effects developmental temperature on embryo development and offspring morphology, (ii) assess how developmental temperature influences offspring survival across different life stages, and (iii) quantify how thermal reaction norms vary among ancestral and descendant populations.</p> <p>4) Developmental temperature influenced offspring morphology, but thermal reaction norms of embryos showed little variation among populations. Developmental temperature influenced offspring survival, but the patterns differed between embryo and hatchling stages; the optimal temperature for embryos was about 5ºC lower than that for hatchlings. High temperatures were thermally stressful to embryos, but they reduced incubation duration and led to early hatching. In turn, earlier hatching increased the probability of survival to adulthood. Moreover, the effect of temperature on hatchling survival was most pronounced for offspring that hatched late in the season.</p> <p>5) The difference in optimal developmental temperatures between life stages may be driven by physiological tolerance for embryos and by ecological factors for hatchlings. Moreover, the fitness consequences of the developmental environment depend upon the phenology of hatching. Overall, these results highlight how the developmental environment can differentially effect fitness across life stages and show that temporal thermal heterogeneity can influence survival of embryos, but the consequences on post-hatching stages may vary at different times of the season.</p>
Dataset: Recruitment of pioneer trees with physically dormant seeds under climate change conditions: the case of Vachellia pennatula (Fabaceae) in semiarid environments of Mexico
<p>This repository contains the files associated with the following article:</p> <p>Sandoval-Martínez J, JA Flores-Cano and EI Badano. Recruitment of pioneer trees with physically dormant seeds under climate change conditions: the case of <em>Vachellia pennatula</em> (Fabaceae) in semiarid environments of Mexico. <em>Journal of Plant Research</em>, 135, pp. 453-463. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-022-01383-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-022-01383-y</a></p> <p>The first Microsoft Excel file contains six sheets with the microclimatic data (photosynthetic photon flux density, air temperature, relative humidity, soil temperature, rainfall and soil moisture) measured at controls under the current climate and climate change simulation plots located at each experimental site (Rio Bagres and Cañada Grande). The second Microsoft Excel file contains a single sheet with the data used to estimate the seedling emergence and survival rates from scarified and unscarified seeds of <em>Vachellia pennatula</em> in controls and climate change simulation plots at each experimental site (Rio Bagres and Cañada Grande).</p>
An interpolated biogeographic framework for tropical Africa using plant species distributions and the physical environment
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Existing phytogeographic frameworks for tropical Africa lack either spatial completeness, unit definitions smaller than the regional scale, or a quantitative approach. We investigate whether physical environmental variables can be used to interpolate floristically defined vegetation units, presenting an interpolated, hierarchical, quantitative phytogeographic framework for tropical Africa, which is compared to previously defined regions.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Tropical mainland Africa 24°N to 24°S.</p> <p><strong>Taxon: </strong>31,046 vascular plant species and infraspecific taxa.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We calculate a betasim dissimilarity matrix from a comprehensive whole-flora database of plant species distributions. We investigate environmental correlates of floristic turnover with local non-metric multidimensional scaling. We derive a hierarchical biogeographic framework by clustering the dissimilarity matrix. The framework is modelled using a classification decision tree method and 12 physical environmental variables to interpolate and downscale the framework across the study region.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Floristic turnover is related strongly to water availability and temperature, with smaller contributions from land cover, topographic ruggedness and lithology. Region can be predicted with 90% accuracy by the model. We define 19 regions and 99 districts. We find a novel arrangement of the arid regions. Regional subdivision within the savanna biome is supported with minor variation to borders. Within the forests of west and central Africa, our whole-flora gridded regionalisation supports the divisions identified by a previous analysis of trees only.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Physical environmental variables can be used to predict floristically defined vegetation units with very high accuracy, and the approach could be pursued for other inc ompletely sampled taxa and areas outside of tropical Africa. Geographic coherence is higher than in previous quantitative phytoregional definitions. For most tropical African vascular plant species, we provide predictions of which species will occur within each mapped district and region of tropical Africa. The framework should be useful for future studies in ecology, evolution and conservation.</p>
D-PLACE/dplace-data: D-PLACE – the Database of Places, Language, Culture and Environment
<p>The data repository for the D-PLACE Project (Database of Places, Language, Culture and Environment)</p>
Exploring changes in ecosystem service values in strongly human-impacted, contrasting agro-ecological environments
<p>Evaluating the impacts of land-use/land-cover (LULC) changes on ecosystem service values (ESVs) is essential for sustainable use and management of ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the impact of LULC changes on ESVs over the period 1982–2016/17 in contrasting, strongly human-impacted agro-ecological environments: Guder (highland), Aba Gerima (midland), and Debatie (lowland) watersheds of the Upper Blue Nile basin, Ethiopia. During the study period, the continuous expansion of cultivated land at the expense of natural vegetation (bushland, forest, and grazing land) severely reduced the total ESV by about US$58 thousand (35%) in Aba Gerima and US$31 thousand (29%) in Debatie watersheds. In contrast, the unprecedented expansion of plantations, mainly through the planting of Acacia decurrens, helped the total ESV rebound by about US$71 thousand (54%) in Guder watershed after 2006, after it had decreased by about US$61 thousand (32%) between 1982 and 2006. The reduction in natural forest area was the major contributor to the loss of total ESV in the study watersheds, ranging from a reduction of US$31 thousand (63%) in Debatie to US$96.9 thousand (70%) in Guder between 1982 and 2016/17. On an area-specific basis, LULC changes reduced the average ESV from US$560 ha–1 yr–1 (1982) in Guder to US$306 ha–1 yr–1 (2017) in Debatie watersheds. Specific ESVs such as provisioning (mainly as food production) and regulating services (mainly as erosion control and climate regulation) accounted for most of the total ESVs estimated for the study watersheds. In most cases the total and specific ESVs of the watersheds were negatively associated with the population growth, which in turn was positively associated with the expansion of cultivated land over the study period. In Guder watershed, however, ESVs were positively associated with population growth, especially after 2012. This resulted primarily from the conversion of cultivated land to plantations (predominantly with nitrogen-fixing Acacia decurrens trees) because of the farmers' growing desire to rehabilitate degraded cultivated land while simultaneously generating income through the sale of charcoal from this fast-growing tree. Our results suggest, therefore, that future policy measures and directions should focus on improving vegetation cover through planting multipurpose trees such as Acacia decurrens to prevent future loss of ESV in the midland and lowland regions of the Upper Blue Nile basin and beyond.</p>
Data from: Crocodile social environments dictated by male philopatry
<p>Examining the social behaviors of solitary species can be challenging due to the rarity in which interactions occur and the large and often inaccessible areas which these animals inhabit. As shared space-use is a prerequisite for the expression of social behaviors, we can gain insights into the social environments of solitary species by examining the degree of spatial overlap between individuals. Over a 10-year period, we examined how spatial overlap amongst 105 estuarine crocodiles <i>Crocodylus porosus</i> was influenced by season, sex and movement tactic. We discovered that crocodiles displayed highly consistent spatial overlaps with conspecifics between months and across years. Furthermore, male crocodiles that exhibited a greater degree of site fidelity displayed more stable social environments, while females and males that were less site-attached had more dynamic social environments with spatial overlaps between conspecifics peaking during the mating season. Our results demonstrate how long-term tracking of multiple individuals within the same population can be used to quantify the spatial structure and social environment of cryptic and solitary species.</p>
MLR - Mapping Collaboration Challenges in Hybrid Working Environments of Information Technology Teams
<p> Supplementary artifact for Mapping Collaboration Challenges in Hybrid Working Environments of Information Technology Teams</p>
Complex urban environments provide Apis mellifera with a richer plant forage than suburban and more rural landscapes
<p>Growth in the global development of cities, and increasing public interest in beekeeping, has led to rises in the numbers of urban apiaries. Towns and cities can provide an excellent diet for managed bees, with a diverse range of nectar and pollen available throughout a long flowering season and are often more ecologically diverse than the surrounding rural environments. Accessible urban honeybee hives are a valuable research resource to gain insights into the diet and ecology of wild pollinators in urban settings. We used DNA metabarcoding of the rbcL and ITS2 gene regions to characterise the pollen community in Apis mellifera honey, inferring the floral diet, from 14 hives across an urban gradient around Greater Manchester, UK. We found that the proportion of urban land around a hive is significantly associated with an increase in the diversity of plants foraged, and that invasive and non-native plants appear to play a critical role in the sustenance of urban bees, alongside native plant species. The proportion of improved grassland, typical of suburban lawns and livestock farms, is significantly associated with decreases in the diversity of plant pollen found in honey samples. These findings are relevant to urban landscape developers motivated to encourage biodiversity and bee persistence, in line with global bio-food security agendas.</p>
FI, Remote Driving, Remote driving in a redundant network environment
<p>Use Case Category: <strong>Remote Driving</strong><br> User Story: <strong>Remote driving in a redundant network environment</strong><br> Location: Finnish (FI) trial site</p> <p>According to 3GPP TS 22.186 R16, Remote Driving “enables a remote driver or a V2X application to operate a remote vehicle for those passengers who cannot drive themselves or a remote vehicle located in dangerous environments. For a case where variation is limited, and routes are predictable, such as public transportation, driving based on cloud computing can be used. In addition, access to cloud-based back-end service platform can be considered for this use case group”.</p> <p>User Story: <strong>Remote driving in a redundant network environment</strong></p> <p>The remote driving of an SAE L4 vehicle is enabled by a V2N connection between the vehicular Onboard Unit (OBU) and a remote server hosting V2N applications, in this case the remote driving application is used by the remote human operator. The V2N connection transfers the sensor data feed (high resolution</p> <p>perception data) from the vehicle to the remote human operator (in the uplink direction). The sensor data provides the human operator a “driver’s view” allows the human operator to send appropriate command messages (e.g. command trajectories) back to the L4 vehicle (in the downlink direction).</p> <p>The remote control/driving of vehicle presents stringent requirements on connection between the vehicle and the Remote Operations Centre (ROC). These requirements include the need to ensure that human operator always maintains connectivity to the vehicle they control, the latency minimized to ensure timeliness of the downlink control messages from the human operator; and the uplink capacity is guaranteed for the transmission of the sensor data feeds from the vehicle. The whole control loop needs to keep tight. The accumulated delay from: sensor reading, sensor data processing, uplink, data visualization, manual control, control signal reading, downlink, and control signal processing to control must be kept low for direct control (depending on speed and dynamics of the vehicle). Furthermore, the vehicle should be aware of any latency issues, so that the operational speed could be adjusted accordingly.</p> <p>Remote driving (and other V2X use cases) will occur in multi-operator scenarios in legacy 4G [3GPP TR 36.885]4 and future 5G [3GPP 38.885]5 contexts, whereby, the L4 vehicle trajectory is an area covered by multiple public land mobile networks (PLMNs) or transitions between two PLMN coverage areas.</p> <p>The remote driving user story also underlines safety aspects and need for the L4 vehicle to maintain reliable/uninterrupted V2N connectivity. In practice, a vehicle’s home PLMN (original serving network) may have locations with poor or non-existent coverage, or then experience V2N connection degradation or failure due to overloading, network failure etc. To guarantee availability V2N connectivity for critical L4 vehicle services (such as, remote driving), the possibility of the vehicle to seamlessly switch to (or simultaneously utilise) a visited PLMN ensures safer operation of the vehicle regardless of instantaneous network conditions.</p>
Data and code from: Experimental evolution of environmental tolerance, acclimation, and physiological plasticity in a randomly fluctuating environment
<p>Environmental tolerance curves, representing absolute fitness against the environment, are an empirical assessment of the fundamental niche, and emerge from the phenotypic plasticity of underlying phenotypic traits. Dynamic plastic responses of these traits can lead to acclimation effects, whereby recent past environments impact current fitness. Theory predicts that higher levels of phenotypic plasticity should evolve in environments that fluctuate more predictably, but there have been few experimental tests of these predictions. Specifically, will still lack experimental evidence for evolution of acclimation effects in response to environmental predictability. Here, we exposed 25 genetically diverse populations of the halotolerant microalgae Dunaliella salina to different constant salinities, or to randomly fluctuating salinities, for over 200 generations. The fluctuating treatments differed in their autocorrelation, which determines the similarity of subsequent values, and thus environmental predictability. We then measured acclimated tolerance surfaces, mapping population growth rate against past (acclimation) and current (assay) environments. We found that experimental mean and variance in salinity caused the evolution of niche position (optimal salinity) and breadth, with respect to not only current but also past (acclimation) salinity. We also detected weak but significant evidence for evolutionary changes in response to environmental predictability, with higher predictability leading notably to an upwards shift in optimal salinities and stronger acclimation effect of past environment on current fitness. We further showed that these responses are related to the evolution of plasticity for intracellular glycerol, the major osmoregulatory mechanism in this species. However the direction of plasticity evolution did not match simple theoretical predictions. Our results underline the need for a more explicit consideration of the dynamics of environmental tolerance and its underlying plastic traits to reach a better understanding of ecology and evolution in fluctuating environments.</p>
Data and code for: Functional traits mediate individualistic species-environment distributions at broad spatial scales while fine-scale species' associations remain unpredictable
<p>Ecological communities are structured by a diverse set of processes acting at different spatial scales. In plant communities, assembly processes like ecological sorting, limiting similarity, and stochastic events are all expected to influence plant distributions and co-occurrence patterns. We assembled a data set describing the distribution of 139 herbaceous plant species within and among 257 forest stands in Wisconsin (USA) to elucidate the spatial scales at which these assembly processes operate. Analyses of these data in conjunction with detailed information about environmental conditions, plant functional traits, and phylogenetic relationships provided new insights into the scale-dependent drivers of plant community assembly in temperate forest understories. Traits like leaf height, specific leaf area, and seed mass all influenced individualistic plant distributions along landscape-scale gradients in soil texture, soil fertility, light availability, and climate while phylogenetic relationships did not predict species-environment relationships. These findings point to the importance of trait-mediated ecological sorting in shaping individualistic plant distributions at broad spatial scales. Contrary to our expectations about the importance of limiting similarity at local scales, neither functionally similar nor phylogenetically related herbs segregated among microsites within forest stands. We hypothesize strong ecological sorting among forest stands coupled with stochastic fine-scale interactions among species appear deterministic, niche-based assembly processes at local scales.</p>
Binaural detection thresholds and audio quality of speech and music signals in complex acoustic environments
<p>Every-day acoustical environments are often complex, typically comprising one attended target sound in the presence of interfering sounds (e.g., disturbing conversations) and reverberation. Here we assessed binaural detection thresholds and (supra-threshold) binaural audio quality ratings of four distortions types: spectral ripples, non-linear saturation, intensity and spatial modifications applied to speech, guitar, and noise targets in such complex acoustic environments (CAEs). The target and (up to) two masker sounds were either co-located as if contained in a common audio stream, or were spatially separated as if originating from different sound sources. The amount of reverberation was systematically varied. Masker and reverberation had a significant effect on the distortion-detection thresholds of speech signals. Quality ratings were affected by reverberation, whereas the effect of maskers depended on the distortion. The results suggest that detection thresholds and quality ratings for distorted speech in anechoic conditions are also valid for rooms with mild reverberation, but not for moderate reverberation. Furthermore, for spectral ripples, a significant relationship between the listeners’ individual detection thresholds and quality ratings was found. The current results provide baseline data for detection thresholds and audio quality ratings of different distortions of a target sound in CAEs, supporting the future development of binaural auditory models.</p>
Virtual acoustic street environment
<p><strong>Virtual acoustic street environment</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains files needed to render a virtual acoustic street environment in TASCAR (version 0.228 or newer). See Street_Environment_Description.pdf for details.</p> <p><strong>Authors:</strong></p> <p>Giso Grimm (session file)</p> <p>This file can be used and distributed according to following license conditions:</p> <p><strong>Licenses:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">CC BY 3.0</a> (76804__audible-edge__ae0090-volvo-740-gle-handbrake-turn-01.wav)<br> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/">CC BY-NC-SA 3.0</a> (Story6.flac, baby_talks.wav)<br> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> (coke_can_2wheels_pram.flac)<br> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> (session file)<br> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">CC BY-SA 3.0</a> (la_le_lu.flac, pramwheels.wav, redcar_loop1.wav, whitevan_loop1.wav)<br> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/">CC0</a> (apts.wav, bike_bell.wav, bus.flac, footsteps.wav, martin.wav, train_ax1.wav, train_ax2.wav, train_ax3.wav, train_ax4.wav, train_ax5.wav, train_engine.wav, truckbeep.flac)</p> <p><strong>Attributions:</strong></p> <p>Giso Grimm (baby_talks.wav, pramwheels.wav, redcar_loop1.wav, session file, whitevan_loop1.wav)<br> Maartje Hendrikse (Story6.flac)<br> Sabine Hochmut (la_le_lu.flac)<br> Theda Eichler, Giso Grimm (coke_can_2wheels_pram.flac)<br> audible-edge / freesound.org (76804__audible-edge__ae0090-volvo-740-gle-handbrake-turn-01.wav)</p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements:</strong></p> <p>Thanks to Marie Hartwig for her support in the preparation of this upload.</p> <p><strong>Bibliography:</strong></p> <p>Grimm, Giso; Luberadzka, Joanna; Hohmann, Volker. <em>A Toolbox for Rendering Virtual Acoustic Environments in the Context of Audiology.</em> Acta Acustica united with Acustica, Volume 105, Number 3, May/June 2019, pp. 566-578(13), <a href="https://doi.org/10.3813/AAA.919337">https://doi.org/10.3813/AAA.919337</a></p> <p>Hendrikse, M. M., Llorach, G., Hohmann, V., & Grimm, G. (2019). <em>Movement and gaze behavior in virtual audiovisual listening environments resembling everyday life.</em> Trends in Hearing, 23, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/2331216519872362">https://doi.org/10.1177/2331216519872362</a></p> <p>Grimm, Giso, & Hohmann, Volker. (2019). <em>First Order Ambisonics field recordings for use in virtual acoustic environments in the context of audiology.</em> Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3588303">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3588303</a></p> <p>Hendrikse, Maartje M. E., Dingemanse, Gertjan, Grimm, Giso, Hohmann, Volker, & Goedegebure, André. (2022, September 19). Virtual audiovisual scenes for hearing device fine-tuning. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7092790">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7092790</a></p>
Uncovering bacterial hosts of class 1 integrons in an urban coastal aquatic environment with a single-cell fusion-polymerase chain reaction technology
<p>Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a key driver of bacterial evolution via transmission of genetic materials across taxa. Class 1 integrons are genetic elements that correlate strongly with anthropogenic pollution and contribute to the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes via HGT. Despite their significance to human health, there is a shortage of robust, culture-free surveillance technologies for identifying uncultivated environmental taxa that harbour class 1 integrons. We developed a modified version of epicPCR (emulsion, paired isolation and concatenation PCR) that links class 1 integrons amplified from single bacterial cells to taxonomic markers from the same cells in emulsified aqueous droplets. Using this single-cell genomic approach and Nanopore sequencing, we successfully assigned class 1 integron gene cassette arrays containing mostly AMR genes to their hosts in coastal water samples that were affected by pollution. Our work presents the first application of epicPCR for targeting variable, multi-gene loci of interest. We also identified the <em>Rhizobacter</em> genus as novel hosts of class 1 integrons. These findings establish epicPCR as a powerful tool for linking taxa to class 1 integrons in environmental bacterial communities and offer the potential to direct mitigation efforts towards hotspots of class 1 integron-mediated dissemination of AMR.</p>
Pilot building dataset - "Portal for heritage buildings integration into the contemporary built environment" (URBAN PERISCOPE)
<p>LIM_411</p> <p>Address: Agkiras 147</p> <p>The building, located in the heart of the Turkish Cypriot quarter and very close to the Cami Cedit Mosque, was originally a school for Turkish Cypriot girls. It is unclear when it was built. The buildings surrounding it provided accommodation for the students. At some point it was used as a police station. Today, it functions as the Bi-communal Multi-functional Centre of the Municipality of Limassol.</p> <p>The building’s typology is very simple. It is a single-storey building, consisting of two large rooms and a smaller one between them. All three rooms have entrances on both the front and the back of the building. A covered exterior area is created on both sides.</p> <p>The appearance of the building is dominated by visible stone which is used in structural elements and decorative details. The main south entrance is surrounded by a carved stone arc and columns with engraved details. Visible stone can also be found on the frame of the small room’s south door, the frames of the windows, the niches, the corners and the base of the building and on its top part under the roof.</p> <p>The walls of the building are made of stone. The floor consists of painted tiles in the covered exterior areas, tiles in the two big rooms and newer wooden parquet in the small room. All the doors and windows are made of wood while the ceilings are made of wooden planks. The roof structure is composed of timber beams and tiles.</p> <p>Newer additions include the plasterboard walls that partly separate the space in the big rooms and the structure at the back of the west room that is used as a sanitary space.</p> <p>The building was included in the catalogue of listed buildings in 2000 for its significance as a Turkish school building with traditional and neo-classical characteristics.</p> <p>"Portal for heritage buildings integration into the contemporary built environment" (URBAN PERISCOPE), is funded by the Cyprus Research & Innovation Foundation Restart Programs 2016-2020 "Integrated Projects". Project Coordinator: The Cyprus Institute; Partners: Cyprus University of Technology (Cyprus), Frederic Research Center (Cyprus), Fondazione Bruno Kessler (Italy), University of Catania (Italy), Department of Urban Planning and Housing, Municipality of Strovolos, Municipality of Limassol, HIT- Hypertech Innovations, NetU Consultations and Talos RTD. The project [Grant number: INTEGRATED/0918/0034] is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund and the Republic of Cyprus through the Research Innovation Foundation.</p> <p> </p>
Data for: Macroevolution in axial morphospace: Innovations accompanying the transition to marine environments in elapid snakes
<p><span>Sea snakes in the <em>Hydrophis</em>-<em>Microcephalophis</em> clade (Elapidae) show exceptional body shape variation along a continuum from similar forebody and hindbody girths, to dramatically reduced girths of the forebody relative to hindbody. The latter is associated with specialisations on burrowing prey. This variation underpins high sympatric diversity and species richness and is not shared by other marine (or terrestrial) snakes. Here, we examined a hypothesis that macroevolutionary changes in axial development contribute to the propensity, at clade level, for body shape change. We quantified variation in the number and size of vertebrae in two body regions (pre- and post-apex of the heart) for ~94 terrestrial and marine elapids. We found <em>Hydrophis</em>-<em>Microcephalophis</em> exhibit increased rates of vertebral evolution in the pre- versus post-apex regions compared to all other Australasian elapids. Unlike other marine and terrestrial elapids, axial elongation in <em>Hydrophis</em>-<em>Microcephalophis</em> occurs via the preferential addition of vertebrae pre heart apex, which is the region that undergoes concomitant shifts in vertebral number and size during transitions along the relative fore- to hindbody girth axis. We suggest that this macroevolutionary developmental change has potentially acted as a key innovation in <em>Hydrophis</em>-<em>Microcephalophis</em> by facilitating novel (especially burrowing) prey specialisations that are not shared with other marine snakes.</span></p>
Satellite Analysis (2013-2020) dataset - "Portal for heritage buildings integration into the contemporary built environment" (URBAN PERISCOPE)
<p>For the needs of the “Portal for heritage buildings integration into the contemporary built environment”, in short, PERIsCOPE project, satellite observations were applied. This repository includes the results from the macro-scale analysis, for which thermal data, optical satellite images, and ready satellite products were exploited to provide multi-temporal information.</p> <p>Satellite-based products estimate the temperature variations in a broader area for the selected urban testbeds (Limassol and Strovolos municipalities, Cyprus). Landsat 7 and 8 archives were downloaded through the EarthExplorer platform (“Landsat Collection 1 Level-1” for both “Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) Level-1” and “Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS C1 Level-1”). The Level-1 data downloaded from the platform were rescaled to the top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance and radiance using radiometric rescaling coefficients provided in the metadata file delivered with the Level-1 product (metadata—MTL file).</p> <p>More than 140 satellite images were selected (a cloud coverage filter was applied), downloaded, and processed, covering the period between 2013 and 2020. Specifically, 16 images during the Winter season, 30 images over Spring, 57 images for Summer, and 38 during Autumn were finally gathered for both case studies.</p> <p>The Google Earth Engine cloud platform infrastructure was used to extract optical products, namely the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalised Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), which characterise vegetated and built-up areas, respectively.</p> <p>This repository concerns: (1) the mean Land Surface Temperature (LST) for both test sites (from 2013-2020), their standard deviation, and the maximum and minimum values. In addition, the (2) NDVI and (3) NDBI products per year (2013-2020) are provided. Lastly, (4) the seasonal variations are included.</p> <p>The data are structured in both forms of ArcGIS Pro Geodatabase (.gdb), while individual .tiff formats are provided in each folder.</p> <p>Further details can be found in the following references:</p> <p>1. Agapiou, A.; Lysandrou, V. Observing Thermal Conditions of Historic Buildings through Earth Observation Data and Big Data Engine. <em>Sensors</em> 2021, <em>21</em>, 4557. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134557">https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134557</a></p> <p>2. Agapiou A., Lysandrou V., Cuca B., Copernicus earth observations for cultural heritage, Proceedings of the joint international event, 9th ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 & 3rd GEORES, Valencia (Spain). 26–28 April 2021, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4995/Arqueologica9.2021.12512">https://doi.org/10.4995/Arqueologica9.2021.12512</a></p>
Testing the predictability of morphological evolution in contrasting thermal environments
<p>Gaining the ability to predict population responses to climate change is a pressing concern. Using a 'natural experiment', we show that testing for divergent evolution in wild populations from contrasting thermal environments provides a powerful approach, and likely an enhanced predictive power for responses to climate change. Specifically, we used a unique study system in Iceland, where freshwater populations of threespine sticklebacks (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>) are found in waters warmed by geothermal activity, adjacent to populations in ambient-temperature water. We focused on morphological traits across six pairs from warm and cold habitats. We found that fish from warm habitats tended to have a deeper mid-body, a sub-terminally orientated jaw, steeper craniofacial profile, and deeper caudal region relative to fish from cold habitats. Our common garden experiment showed that most of these differences were heritable. Population age did not appear to influence the magnitude or type of thermal divergence, but similar types of divergence between thermal habitats were more prevalent across allopatric than sympatric population pairs. These findings suggest that morphological divergence in response to thermal habitat, despite being relatively complex and multivariate, are predictable to a degree<a name="_Hlk345127"></a>. Our data also suggests that the potential for migration of individuals between different thermal habitats may enhance non-parallel evolution and reduce our ability to predict responses to climate change.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.