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Fig 6 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 6 Effects of crowding on the frequencies of Patanga japonica last instar nymphs in different black patterning grades in black, yellow-green (Y-green), and white containers. Five nymphs were reared in each container from May 31 to August 15 at room temperature (25.1°C on average). For black patterning grades, see Fig. 1.
Fig 5 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 5 Body color of Patanga japonica nymphs reared in a group at room temperature. Black patterns appeared at the second stadium onward. The penultimate and last nymphal instars were identified based on wing pad size.
Fig 4 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 4 Effects of substrate color on the frequencies of Patanga japonica last instar nymphs with different background body colors (A), with reddish legs (B), and in different black patterning grades (C). Nymphs were reared individually in black, yellow-green (Y-green) and white containers from May 31 to August 15 at room temperature (25.1°C on average). Different letters in B indicate significant differences in proportions by a χ2 test at 5%. For body colors and black patterning grades, see Fig. 1.
Fig 2 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 2 Variation in body color of Patanga japonica last instar nymphs. Photographs were taken on September 1 (A), October 11 (B), October 21 (C), November 11 (D), September 29 (E), and September 27, 2021 (F).
Fig 3 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 3 Proportions of green and non-green Patanga japonica last instar nymphs observed at a study site in Tsukuba in 2021.
Fig 14 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 14 Body color of Patanga japonica adults. A–D. Variation in body color in field-collected adults; E. Adult reared at 34°C; F. Adults on leaf litter (yellow arrows); G. Non-pigmented and reddish hindwings observed in adults before (left) and after overwintering (right). Black male adult in D was collected on July 7, 2021. Scales are adjusted to make body sizes approximately equal except for F.
Fig 13 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 13 Examples of exuviae shed by Patanga japonica last instar nymphs after various treatments. Exuviae had no color with only a thin black line on the hind femurs in singly reared green nymphs (A), black patterns with a yellow background color in crowd-reared nymphs kept at room temperature (B), and in corazonin-injected nymphs kept at a high temperature (C), and had a few black areas with a bright yellow background color in the thoracic area in nymphs reared at a high temperature (D).
Fig 11 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 11 Body color of Patanga japonica adults that were injected with oil alone (left) or 1 nmol CRZ (right) at the fourth stadium and a darkened uninjected old female observed on June 18 in an outdoor cage (bottom).
Fig 12 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 12 Effect of high temperature on black patterning in Patanga japonica. Frequencies of last instar nymphs in different grades after transfer from outdoor conditions to 34°C and LD 12:12h at the third stadium (September 28, 2022) or kept outdoors continuously as a control (A). Examples showing body color variation at the last nymphal instar under outdoor conditions (B–E) and at 34°C (F–H). Last instar nymph that was injected with CRZ at the fourth stadium and then singly kept at 34°C (I). Black patterning grades are based on Fig. 1.
Fig 1 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 1 Examples of the different body colors of the last instar nymphs of Patanga japonica observed during experiments. A. Variation in background color; B. Black patterning grades; C. Nymphs with green and reddish legs. In B, grade 1, no black patterns and only brownish spots or patterns on the abdomen; grade 2, black patterns on the abdomen and some or no brown spots on the thorax; grade 3, distinct black patterns both on the thorax and abdomen but the lateral sides of pronotum without black spots; grade 4, as in grade 3 but the lateral sides of pronotum with distinct black spots; grade 5, as in grade 4 but the lateral sides of pronotum with black markings.
Fig 10 from: Tanaka S, Kayukawa T (2024) Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection. Journal of Orthoptera Research 33(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133
Fig 10 Body and face color of Patanga japonica penultimate (top, middle) and last (bottom) instar nymphs after injections with oil alone (A) and with 1 nmol CRZ (B) at the fourth stadium singly kept in yellow-green containers (30°C). Black patterning grades are based on Fig. 1.
Figure 5 from: Alqaisi KM, Abbas MA, Alshawawreh R (2024) Chrysin's dose-dependent effects on steroidogenesis in female BALB/c mice: In vivo study of adrenal, ovarian, and uterine hormone regulation. Pharmacia 71: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e114547
Figure 5 Histological analysis of the adrenal gland. A. Adrenal gland of control group; B. Adrenal gland of 100 mg chrysin-treated group.
Figure 2 from: Alqaisi KM, Abbas MA, Alshawawreh R (2024) Chrysin's dose-dependent effects on steroidogenesis in female BALB/c mice: In vivo study of adrenal, ovarian, and uterine hormone regulation. Pharmacia 71: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e114547
Figure 2 The expression of target genes in the ovary of female mice is expressed as A. Delta cycle threshold (ΔCt) and B. Relative fold gene expression. β-actin was used as a housekeeping gene for calculating ΔCt and relative fold gene expression. * P ≤ 0.05. 3β-HSD, 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-4 isomerase.
Figure 1 from: Alqaisi KM, Abbas MA, Alshawawreh R (2024) Chrysin's dose-dependent effects on steroidogenesis in female BALB/c mice: In vivo study of adrenal, ovarian, and uterine hormone regulation. Pharmacia 71: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e114547
Figure 1 The expression of target genes in the adrenal gland of female mice is expressed as A. Delta cycle threshold (ΔCt) and B. Relative fold gene expression. β-actin was used as a housekeeping gene for calculating ΔCt and relative fold gene expression. * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01. CYP17A1, cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1; P450scc, cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme; 3β-HSD, 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-4 isomerase.
Figure 7 from: Alqaisi KM, Abbas MA, Alshawawreh R (2024) Chrysin's dose-dependent effects on steroidogenesis in female BALB/c mice: In vivo study of adrenal, ovarian, and uterine hormone regulation. Pharmacia 71: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e114547
Figure 7 Histological analysis of the adrenal gland medulla. A. Adrenal medulla of control group; B. Adrenal medulla of 100 mg chrysin-treated group.
Figure 4 from: Alqaisi KM, Abbas MA, Alshawawreh R (2024) Chrysin's dose-dependent effects on steroidogenesis in female BALB/c mice: In vivo study of adrenal, ovarian, and uterine hormone regulation. Pharmacia 71: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e114547
Figure 4 Effect of chrysin on adrenal gland histology. Stained section of the control adrenal cortex showing a thin capsule (C) with underlying zona glomerulosa (G) arranged in oval or curved clusters. Zona fasciculata cells (F) are arranged in parallel cords while cells of zona reticularis (R) with anastomosing cords (H & E stain).
Figure 3 from: Alqaisi KM, Abbas MA, Alshawawreh R (2024) Chrysin's dose-dependent effects on steroidogenesis in female BALB/c mice: In vivo study of adrenal, ovarian, and uterine hormone regulation. Pharmacia 71: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e114547
Figure 3 The expression of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) in the uterus of female mice is expressed as A. Delta cycle threshold (ΔCt) and B. Relative fold gene expression. β-actin was used as a housekeeping gene for calculating of ΔCt and relative fold gene expression.
Figure 6 from: Alqaisi KM, Abbas MA, Alshawawreh R (2024) Chrysin's dose-dependent effects on steroidogenesis in female BALB/c mice: In vivo study of adrenal, ovarian, and uterine hormone regulation. Pharmacia 71: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e114547
Figure 6 Histological analysis of adrenal cortex. A. Adrenal cortex of the control group; B. Adrenal cortex of the 100 mg chrysin-treated group.
Effects of additional nutrients on carbohydrate, juvenile hormone, and vitellogenin contents in Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
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Juvenile hormone pathway in honey bee larvae: a source of possible signal molecules for the reproductive behavior of Varroa destructor
<p>The parasitic mite <i>Varroa destructor </i>devastates honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) colonies around the world. Entering a brood cell shortly before capping, the <i>Varroa</i> mother feeds on the honey bee larvae. The hormones 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH), acquired from the host, have been considered to play a key role in initiating <i>Varroa</i>'s reproductive cycle. This study focuses on differential expression of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of JH and ecdysone at 6 time points during the first 30 hours after cell capping in both drone and worker larvae of <i>A. mellifera</i>. This time frame, covering the conclusion of the honey bee brood cell invasion and the start of <i>Varroa</i>'s ovogenesis, is critical to the successful initiation of a reproductive cycle. Our findings support a later activation of the ecdysteroid cascade in honey bee drones compared to worker larvae, which could account for the increased egg production of <i>Varroa</i> in <i>A. mellifera</i> drones. The JH pathway was generally downregulated confirming its activity is antagonistic to the ecdysteroid pathway during the larva development. Nevertheless, the genes involved in JH synthesis revealed an increased expression in drones. The upregulation of <i>jhamt</i> gene involved in methyl farnesoate (MF) synthesis came into attention since the MF is not only a precursor of JH but it is also an insect pheromone in its own right as well as JH-like hormone in Acari. This could indicate a possible kairomone effect of MF for attracting the mites into the drone brood cells, along with its potential involvement in ovogenesis after the cell capping, stimulating <i>Varroa</i>'s initiation of egg laying.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.