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FIG. 1 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 1. — Maps indicating the position of the Lower Devonian fish localities at the southern coast of the De Long Strait, Chukchi Autonomous Okrug (A. R.), Arctic far-eastern Russia. 1, Tonnel'nyj Brook; 2, the Coast (Poberezh'e) section. Abbreviations: C, cape; L, lagoon.

FIG. 11 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 11. — Palaeogeographical reconstruction for the Early Devonian by Cocks & Torsvik (2011: fig. 17, at –400 Ma) with Chukotka (Arctic far-eastern Russia), North-West Territories (NWT) of Canada, Spitsbergen and Severnaya Zemlya as elements of the Arctic Province of Blieck & Janvier (1999: fig. 9.14) in a trans-equatorial location. Captions for physiographic features (in various grey colours, as indicated on left side of the Old Red Sandstone Continent): 1, land; 2, shallow shelf; 3, deep shelf; 4, ocean. Abbreviation: AACM, Arctic Alaska-Chukotka Microcontinent.

FIG. 7 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 7. — Thelodont scales from the Lower Devonian of Chukotka, Arctic far-eastern Russia:A, B, Turinia pagei (Powrie,1870)?, specimens GIT 580-19 (A in antero-lateral view) and 580-16 (B in lateral view); C, D, Turinia sp. cf. T. composita Karatajūtė-Talimaa, 2002, specimens GIT 580-10 (C in crown view) and 580-11 (D in latero-crown view); E, Turinia sp. cf. T. polita Karatajūtė-Talimaa, 1978, specimen GIT 580- 17 in lateral view; F, Turinia sp., specimen GIT 580-12 in crown view; G, H, Nikolivia? sp. cf. N. gutta Karatajūtė-Talimaa, 1978, specimen GIT 580-13 in crown (G) and basal (H) views; I-K, Nikolivia? sp., specimen GIT 580-9 in basal (I), crown (J) and latero-crown (K) views. All specimens from locality (sample) 73,Tonnel'nyj Brook,Lower Member (1) of Enmakaj Formation,Lochkovian.Scale bars: A-C, F, G, 200 µm; D, 250 µm; E, 300 µm; H-K, 100 µm.

FIG. 6 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 6. — Heterostracan microremains from the Lower Devonian of Chukotka, Arctic far-eastern Russia: A, B, Traquairaspididae? gen. et sp. indet., specimen GIT 580-5, from locality (sample) 73, Tonnel'nyj Brook, Lower Member (1) of Enmakaj Formation, Lochkovian; C, Traquairaspididae? gen. et sp. indet., specimen PIN 3845/2, locality 73-4 (74-3), Tonnel'nyj Brook, Lower Member (4) of Pil'hikaj Formation, Lochkovian; D, Lepidaspis? sp., tessera, specimen GIT 580-2, locality 73, same origin as specimen 580-5 (A, B); E, F, Oniscolepis? sp., tesserae, specimens GIT 580-1 (E) and 580-3 (F), locality 73, same origin as specimen 580-5 (A, B); G, H, Poraspididae gen. et sp. indet., fragments of a scale (G) and of a plate (H), specimens GIT 580-4 (G) and 580-7 (H), locality 73, same origin as specimen 580-5 (A, B); I, Heterostraci? indet., tessera (platelet), specimen GIT 580-8, locality 73, same origin as specimen 580-5 (A, B). Scale bars: A, C, 1 mm; B, 100 µm; D, 300 µm; E, G, 500 µm; F, H, I, 200 µm.

FIG. 10 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 10. — Porolepis? sp. from the Lower Devonian of Chukotka, Arctic far-eastern Russia, specimen GIT 580-27: A, lateral view; B, dorsolateral view. Locality (sample) 73, Tonnel'nyj Brook, Lower Member (1) of Enmakaj Formation, Lochkovian. Scale bars: 200 µm.

FIG. 4 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 4. — Details of superficial ornamentation of specimen PIN 3845/4. A, B, C, refer to the three areas indicated on Figure 3[4A, 4B, 4C].

FIG. 3 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 3. — Heterostraci: Traquairaspididae? indet., specimen PIN 3845/4, sample 74-3, Poberezh'e (Coast) section, Chukotka, Arctic far-eastern Russia; Lower Member (4) of Pil'hikaj Formation, Lochkovian. Natural external mould of a fragment of plate of the head carapace. 4A-C, 5A-C, refer to details of ornamentation on Figures 4 and 5 respectively.

FIG. 9 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 9. — Acanthodian scales and tooth from the Lower Devonian of Chukotka, Arctic far-eastern Russia: A, B, Garralepis simplex Burrow, 2002 scale, specimen GIT 580-21 in laterocrown (A) and posterolateral (B) views; C, Ischnacanthiformes? indet., tooth GIT 580- 26; D-F, Nostovicina guangxiensis (Wang, 1992) scales; D, specimen GIT 580-18; E, specimen GIT 580-14; F, specimen GIT 580-15; G-H, Cheiracanthoides rarus Valiukevičius, 1994 scale, specimen GIT 580-20 in crown (G) and anterior (H) views. All from locality (sample) 73, Tonnel'nyj Brook, Lower Member (1) of Enmakaj Formation, Lochkovian. Scale bars: A, B, G, H, 100 µm; C, 500 µm; D, E, 200 µm; F, 300 µm.

FIG. 5 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 5. — Heterostraci: Traquairaspididae? indet.: A-C, specimen PIN 3845/4 (same as Figures 3 and 4), sample 74-3, Poberezh'e (Coast) section, Chukotka, Arctic far-eastern Russia; Lower (4) Member of Pil'hikaj Formation, Lochkovian; details of superficial ornamentation of areas 5A, B, C as indicated on Fig. 3; D-F, specimen PIN 3845/3, sample 73-4 (74-3), Tonnel'nyj Brook, Chukotka, Arctic far-eastern Russia; Lower Member (4) of Pil'hikaj Formation, Lochkovian; distal end of specimen (D) with details of ornamentation (E, F). Scale bars: A, C, D, 1 cm; B, E, 0.5 cm; F, 0,25 cm.

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Text-fig. 3. Sphenophyte and fern remains from Remigiusberg Formation. A) Asterophyllites equisetiformis, Inv.-Nr. PB 2010/5809 LS (LS-RLP), scalebar = 2.5 cm; B) Asterophyllites equisetiformis (right) and Pecopteris sp. (left), Inv.-Nr. PB 2010/5813 LS (LS-RLP), scalebar = 2 cm; C) Long-leafed variety of Asterophyllites equisetiformis, Inv.-Nr. PB 2010/5808 LS, scalebar = 2 cm; D) Calamites sp., Inv.-Nr. PB 2010/5804 LS (LS-RLP), scalebar = 2.5 cm; E) Eucalamites cruciatus, Inv.-Nr. PB 2016/5034 LS (LS-RLP), scalebar = 2 cm. in New Data On The Macroflora Of The Basal Rotliegend Group (Remigiusberg Formation; Gzhelian) In The Saar-Nahe Basin (Sw-Germany)

Text-fig. 3. Sphenophyte and fern remains from Remigiusberg Formation. A) Asterophyllites equisetiformis, Inv.-Nr. PB 2010/5809 LS (LS-RLP), scalebar = 2.5 cm; B) Asterophyllites equisetiformis (right) and Pecopteris sp. (left), Inv.-Nr. PB 2010/5813 LS (LS-RLP), scalebar = 2 cm; C) Long-leafed variety of Asterophyllites equisetiformis, Inv.-Nr. PB 2010/5808 LS, scalebar = 2 cm; D) Calamites sp., Inv.-Nr. PB 2010/5804 LS (LS-RLP), scalebar = 2.5 cm; E) Eucalamites cruciatus, Inv.-Nr. PB 2016/5034 LS (LS-RLP), scalebar = 2 cm.

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Text-fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs (a, b) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy orthoslices (c–e) of flower of Lambertiflora elegans gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Puddledock locality, Virginia, USA (holotype, PP53796, Puddledock sample 082). a) Flower in lateral view showing long pedicel and overlapping elongated tepals; b) Detail of flower showing overlapping elongated tepals; note the numerous holes indicating the position of probable secretory cells; c) Flower in longitudinal section showing overlapping elongated tepals, remains of probable poorly developed stamens or staminodes and probable poorly developed carpels on the central conical gynoecial region of the receptacle (cut between orthoslices xz0510 and 0570); d) Flower in longitudinal section (comparable to c) showing overlapping tepals, poorly developed stamens or staminodes, and probable poorly developed carpels on the central conical gynoecial region of the receptacle; note the prominent cavities from secretory cells scattered through the tissues (cut between orthoslice xz0560 and 0575); e) Flower in transverse section showing overlapping tepals, poorly developed stamens or staminodes, and remains of probable poorly developed carpels (cut between orthoslices xy1160 and 1180). Scale bars = 1 mm (a), 500 µm (b–e). in Multiparted, Apocarpous Flowers From The Early Cretaceous Of Eastern North America And Portugal

Text-fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs (a, b) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy orthoslices (c–e) of flower of Lambertiflora elegans gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous Puddledock locality, Virginia, USA (holotype, PP53796, Puddledock sample 082). a) Flower in lateral view showing long pedicel and overlapping elongated tepals; b) Detail of flower showing overlapping elongated tepals; note the numerous holes indicating the position of probable secretory cells; c) Flower in longitudinal section showing overlapping elongated tepals, remains of probable poorly developed stamens or staminodes and probable poorly developed carpels on the central conical gynoecial region of the receptacle (cut between orthoslices xz0510 and 0570); d) Flower in longitudinal section (comparable to c) showing overlapping tepals, poorly developed stamens or staminodes, and probable poorly developed carpels on the central conical gynoecial region of the receptacle; note the prominent cavities from secretory cells scattered through the tissues (cut between orthoslice xz0560 and 0575); e) Flower in transverse section showing overlapping tepals, poorly developed stamens or staminodes, and remains of probable poorly developed carpels (cut between orthoslices xy1160 and 1180). Scale bars = 1 mm (a), 500 µm (b–e).

Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Dinisia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragmentary stamen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment showing elongated pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Two pollen grains showing poorly defined distal aperture (arrowhead) and distinctive vermiform reticulum forming luminae of variable shapes and sizes; note especially the irregularly and incomplete reticulum in the grain on the left; c) Reticulum showing smooth, vermiform muri attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer by long columellae; note that columellae often terminate segments of muri that are not closed; d, e) Pollen grains showing proximal surface (d), poorly defined distal aperture (e, arrowhead) and distinctive vermiform reticulum supported by long columellae; note dense covering of small, spherical orbicules on the inner surface of the anther wall. Specimen, TV44-S148216 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d, e), 3 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 45. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Dinisia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragmentary stamen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment showing elongated pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Two pollen grains showing poorly defined distal aperture (arrowhead) and distinctive vermiform reticulum forming luminae of variable shapes and sizes; note especially the irregularly and incomplete reticulum in the grain on the left; c) Reticulum showing smooth, vermiform muri attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer by long columellae; note that columellae often terminate segments of muri that are not closed; d, e) Pollen grains showing proximal surface (d), poorly defined distal aperture (e, arrowhead) and distinctive vermiform reticulum supported by long columellae; note dense covering of small, spherical orbicules on the inner surface of the anther wall. Specimen, TV44-S148216 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d, e), 3 Μm (c).

Text-fig. 43. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Kempia longicolpites gen. et sp. nov. from a fragmentary stamen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment showing elongated pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Pollen grains showing the very long distal aperture and loosely attached reticulum; c, d) Pollen grains showing the very long, clearly defined distal aperture that extends around the ends of the grain; e) Reticulum in nonapertural region showing the smooth muri loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer by short columellae; f) Internal view of reticulum showing the short columellae loosened from the foot layer. Specimen, TV44-S105018 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 30 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, d), 3 Μm (e, f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 43. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Kempia longicolpites gen. et sp. nov. from a fragmentary stamen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment showing elongated pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Pollen grains showing the very long distal aperture and loosely attached reticulum; c, d) Pollen grains showing the very long, clearly defined distal aperture that extends around the ends of the grain; e) Reticulum in nonapertural region showing the smooth muri loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer by short columellae; f) Internal view of reticulum showing the short columellae loosened from the foot layer. Specimen, TV44-S105018 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 30 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, d), 3 Μm (e, f).

Text-fig. 46. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Teebacia hughesii gen. et sp. nov. pollen from a stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment showing elongated pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure (d, e); b) Detail of detached reticulum showing inner surface of muri and scattered columellae; note the finely granular covering of the muri and columellae; c, d) Detail of reticulum showing the outer surface of muri with supratectal ornamentation of narrow ridges; note orbicules attached to the reticulum (d); e, f) Pollen grains showing loose, beaded, reticulum with long columellae; note continuous muri bordering the apertures and densely spaced minute orbicules lining the inner surface of the anther wall (e, arrowheads). Specimens, TV44-S136666 (holotype; a, d, e), TV44-S149207 (b, c, f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (e, f), 3 Μm (b), 1.5 Μm (c), 1.2 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 46. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Teebacia hughesii gen. et sp. nov. pollen from a stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment showing elongated pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure (d, e); b) Detail of detached reticulum showing inner surface of muri and scattered columellae; note the finely granular covering of the muri and columellae; c, d) Detail of reticulum showing the outer surface of muri with supratectal ornamentation of narrow ridges; note orbicules attached to the reticulum (d); e, f) Pollen grains showing loose, beaded, reticulum with long columellae; note continuous muri bordering the apertures and densely spaced minute orbicules lining the inner surface of the anther wall (e, arrowheads). Specimens, TV44-S136666 (holotype; a, d, e), TV44-S149207 (b, c, f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (e, f), 3 Μm (b), 1.5 Μm (c), 1.2 Μm (d).

Text-fig. 42. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Piercipollis sp. 1 (a–c) from an isolated anther and Piercipollis sp. 2 (d–f) from a coprolite (not shown); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Narrow elongate anther that yielded the pollen in (b) and (c); b) Distal view of pollen grain showing well-developed reticulum that is only loosely attached to the foot layer; note the smooth foot layer (arrowhead) of a grain from which the reticulum has become detached; c) Reticulum showing the smooth muri and long columellae that are mostly detached from the foot layer; d–f) Pollen grains in distal (d, e), and lateral views (f) showing the very long colpus and the well-developed reticulum only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; note the main body of the grains (foot layer) does not fill out the whole space of the reticulum (f). Specimens, TV44-S148218 (a–c), TV142-S170216 (d–f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d–f), 3 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 42. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Piercipollis sp. 1 (a–c) from an isolated anther and Piercipollis sp. 2 (d–f) from a coprolite (not shown); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Narrow elongate anther that yielded the pollen in (b) and (c); b) Distal view of pollen grain showing well-developed reticulum that is only loosely attached to the foot layer; note the smooth foot layer (arrowhead) of a grain from which the reticulum has become detached; c) Reticulum showing the smooth muri and long columellae that are mostly detached from the foot layer; d–f) Pollen grains in distal (d, e), and lateral views (f) showing the very long colpus and the well-developed reticulum only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; note the main body of the grains (foot layer) does not fill out the whole space of the reticulum (f). Specimens, TV44-S148218 (a–c), TV142-S170216 (d–f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, d–f), 3 Μm (c).

Text-fig. 41. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Piercipollis simplex gen. et sp. nov. from a pollen clump; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; pollen clump that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b–d) Pollen grains in distal (b), proximal (c) and lateral views (d) showing the very long colpus and the well-developed reticulum that is only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; note the large angular lumina, smooth muri and short, sparsely scattered, columellae; note also that main body of pollen grains (foot layer) does not fill out the whole space of the reticulum; e) Reticulum showing the smooth muri loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer by short, sparsely scattered, columellae. Specimen, TV44-S136755 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d), 3 Μm (e). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 41. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Piercipollis simplex gen. et sp. nov. from a pollen clump; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; pollen clump that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b–d) Pollen grains in distal (b), proximal (c) and lateral views (d) showing the very long colpus and the well-developed reticulum that is only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; note the large angular lumina, smooth muri and short, sparsely scattered, columellae; note also that main body of pollen grains (foot layer) does not fill out the whole space of the reticulum; e) Reticulum showing the smooth muri loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer by short, sparsely scattered, columellae. Specimen, TV44-S136755 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d), 3 Μm (e).

Text-fig. 44. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Juhaszia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragment of a pollen sac (a–e) and stamen fragment and pollen of Dictyozonia pusilla gen. et sp. nov. (f–k); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; fragment of pollen sac that yielded the pollen in (b–e); b) Proximal surface of pollen grain showing reticulate sculpture in the equatorial regions grading into more a continuous foveolate tectum at the proximal pole; c) Reticulum on the proximal surface showing smooth muri delimiting large and small luminae. Muri supported by numerous short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; d) Distal surface of pollen grain showing the long colpus and reticulate sculpture with a distinctive pattern of large and small luminae; e) Pollen grain from which the reticulum has become in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 44. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Juhaszia portugallica gen. et sp. nov. from a fragment of a pollen sac (a–e) and stamen fragment and pollen of Dictyozonia pusilla gen. et sp. nov. (f–k); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; fragment of pollen sac that yielded the pollen in (b–e); b) Proximal surface of pollen grain showing reticulate sculpture in the equatorial regions grading into more a continuous foveolate tectum at the proximal pole; c) Reticulum on the proximal surface showing smooth muri delimiting large and small luminae. Muri supported by numerous short columellae that are only loosely attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; d) Distal surface of pollen grain showing the long colpus and reticulate sculpture with a distinctive pattern of large and small luminae; e) Pollen grain from which the reticulum has become

Text-fig. 49. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Vedresia elliptica gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and a multicarpellate fruit of Choffaticarpus compactus gen. et sp. nov. and associated pollen (d–j); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; small fruit showing apical stigmatic region with attached pollen; b) Group of pollen grains from the stigmatic surface of the fruit in (a) showing the long colpus and reticulate tectum; c) Pollen grains from the stigmatic surface showing the long colpus and well developed reticulum, with smooth muri and short columellae in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 49. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of Vedresia elliptica gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and a multicarpellate fruit of Choffaticarpus compactus gen. et sp. nov. and associated pollen (d–j); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; small fruit showing apical stigmatic region with attached pollen; b) Group of pollen grains from the stigmatic surface of the fruit in (a) showing the long colpus and reticulate tectum; c) Pollen grains from the stigmatic surface showing the long colpus and well developed reticulum, with smooth muri and short columellae

Text-fig. 37. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of anthers and monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia brevicolumella gen. et sp. nov. from stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther partially split along the elongated sporangia; b) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther; c) Holotype; distal view of pollen grain from holotype showing the long colpus with a distinct margin and a heterobrochate reticulum; d) Distal view of pollen grain from a stamen fragment showing long colpus, colpus margin and heterobrochate reticulum; e) Inner surface of anther wall from stamen fragment showing densely spaced dentate orbicules; f) Lateral view of pollen grains from stamen showing the psilate to foveolate-microreticulate colpus margin; g) Detail of pollen grain from holotype showing the slightly rounded profile of the muri, the short, densely spaced columellae and the dentate orbicules. Specimens, TV44-S136662 (a), TV44-S149204 (b), TV44-S136760 (holotype; c, g), TV44-S148021 (d, e), TV44-S136752 (f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, d, f), 3 Μm (e, g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 37. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of anthers and monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia brevicolumella gen. et sp. nov. from stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther partially split along the elongated sporangia; b) Dithecate, tetrasporangiate anther; c) Holotype; distal view of pollen grain from holotype showing the long colpus with a distinct margin and a heterobrochate reticulum; d) Distal view of pollen grain from a stamen fragment showing long colpus, colpus margin and heterobrochate reticulum; e) Inner surface of anther wall from stamen fragment showing densely spaced dentate orbicules; f) Lateral view of pollen grains from stamen showing the psilate to foveolate-microreticulate colpus margin; g) Detail of pollen grain from holotype showing the slightly rounded profile of the muri, the short, densely spaced columellae and the dentate orbicules. Specimens, TV44-S136662 (a), TV44-S149204 (b), TV44-S136760 (holotype; c, g), TV44-S148021 (d, e), TV44-S136752 (f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, d, f), 3 Μm (e, g).

Text-fig. 39. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia intermedia sp. nov. from a pollen clump, probably fragment of a stamen (a–e) and anthers and pollen of Eckhartia sp. (f–k); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump that yielded the pollen in (b–e); b–d) Pollen grains viewed from distal (d) and proximal surfaces (b, c) showing the long colpus and well-developed reticulum with large and small luminae; e) Reticulum showing smooth muri supported by short columellae firmly attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; note the occasional small luminae; f, g) Fragments of narrow elongate anthers with same kind of pollen as in (i); h) Inner surface of anther wall showing small spherical orbicules; in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community

Text-fig. 39. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Eckhartia intermedia sp. nov. from a pollen clump, probably fragment of a stamen (a–e) and anthers and pollen of Eckhartia sp. (f–k); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump that yielded the pollen in (b–e); b–d) Pollen grains viewed from distal (d) and proximal surfaces (b, c) showing the long colpus and well-developed reticulum with large and small luminae; e) Reticulum showing smooth muri supported by short columellae firmly attached to the smooth surface of the foot layer; note the occasional small luminae; f, g) Fragments of narrow elongate anthers with same kind of pollen as in (i); h) Inner surface of anther wall showing small spherical orbicules;