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2,180 results for “Recombination”
Data from: Evolution of smooth tubercle bacilli PE and PE_PGRS genes: evidence for a prominent role of recombination and imprint of positive selection
Background: PE and PE_PGRS are two mycobateria-restricted multigene families encoding membrane associated and secreted proteins that have expanded mainly in the pathogenic species, notably the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Several lines of evidence attribute to PE and PE_PGRS genes critical roles in mycobacterial pathogenicity. To get more insight into the nature of these genes, we sought to address their evolutionary trajectories in the group of smooth tubercle bacilli (STB), the putative ancestor of the clonal MTBC. Methodology/Principal Findings: By focussing on six polymorphic STB PE/PE_PGRS genes, we demonstrate significant incongruence among single gene genealogies and detect strong signals of recombination using various approaches. Coalescent-based estimation of population recombination and mutation rates (ρ and θ, respectively) indicates that the two mechanisms are of roughly equal importance in generating diversity (ρ/θ = 1.457), a finding in a marked contrast to house keeping genes (HKG) whose evolution is chiefly brought about by mutation (ρ/θ = 0.012). In comparison to HKG, we found 15 times higher mean rate of nonsynonymous substitutions, with strong evidence of positive selection acting on PE_PGRS62 (dN/dS = 1.42), a gene that has previously been shown to be essential for mycobacterial survival in macrophages and granulomas. Imprint of positive selection operating on specific amino acid residues or along branches of PE_PGRS62 phylogenetic tree was further demonstrated using maximum likelihood- and covarion-based approaches, respectively. Strikingly, PE_PGR62 proved highly conserved in present-day MTBC strains. Conclusions/Significance: Overall the data indicate that, in STB, PE/PE_PGRS genes have undergone a strong diversification process that is speeded up by recombination, with evidence of positive selection. The finding that positive selection involved an essential PE_PGRS gene whose sequence appears to be driven to fixation in present-day MTBC strains lends further support to the critical role of PE/PE_PGRS genes in the evolution of mycobacterial pathogenicity.
Safety and Efficacy of Recombinant Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Wild-type RAS and BRAF mCRC
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03405272. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Recombinant HIV Vaccines for HIV/AIDS
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01881581. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Efficacy and Safety Study of Recombinant Endostatin Combined With Chemotherapy to Treat Advanced Colorectal Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01529164. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Comparison of Efficacy, Safety and Costs of Recombinant FVIII Products Between On-demand and Secondary Prophylaxis Groups in Haemophilia A Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01817868. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Phase Ib/II Clinical Study of Pexa-Vec (Vaccinia GM CSF / Thymidine Kinase-Deactivated Virus) Combined With Recombinant Whole Human Anti-PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody (ZKAB001) in Metastatic Melanoma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04849260. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Safety and Immunogenicity Following Recombinant Hepatitis B (Bio Farma) Vaccine in Adults & Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04188223. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Evaluate the Safety and Primary Immunogenicity of 9-valent HPV Recombinant Vaccine in Chinese Healthy Females
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03676101. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Recombine Endostatin With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Concurrent Chemoradiation in Advanced Nasopharynx Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01689558. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of the Recombinant MVA BN® RSV Vaccine
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02419391. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Recombinant Trivalent Rotavirus Subunit Vaccine in Healthy Infants and Toddlers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05621655. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Recombinant Human Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (rhFGF-2) In Gingival Recession Defects
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04361630. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Olaparib and ASTX727 in BRCA1/2- and Homologous Recombination Deficient (HRD)-Mutated Tumors
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06177171. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Treatment of Refractory cGVHD by Donor-derived Treg Cell Injection Combined With Recombinant Human Interleukin-2
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06920199. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Study of APN201 (Liposomal Recombinant Human Cu/Zn-Superoxide Dismutase) for the Prevention of Radiation-induced Dermatitis in Women With Breast Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01513278. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Biosimilarity Study of Intravenous Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Healthy Volunteers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04954989. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Study Evaluating the Safety of a Recombinant Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06798831. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Recombinant Human IL-7 (NT-I7) in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Following BCMA CAR-T Therapy (Cilta-cel)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07200089. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Vaccinia-HIV-1 IIIB Env/Gag/Pol Vaccine (TBC-3B)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00000767. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Phase I Study of Recombinant Human CD4 Immunoglobulin G (rCD4-lgG) in Patients With HIV-Associated Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00002250. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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OpenNeuro
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