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opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Data for: Social environment and masculinization level interact to explain male testosterone levels in a social rodent

In vertebrates, male testosterone levels vary across the year and are generally higher during the mating period relative to the offspring-rearing period. However, male testosterone levels may also be influenced by male morphotype (males with different levels of masculinization), and by the social environment experienced within a conspecific group. In social species, it has been proposed that high levels of testosterone could be incompatible with the development of an amicable social environment. Thus, in these species, it is predicted that males have relatively low levels of testosterone. Our goal was to examine the potential association between male serum testosterone levels, male morphotype, and the social environment in the caviomorph rodent Octodon degus under natural conditions. We quantified serum testosterone levels of male degus during the periods of mating and offspring rearing, and the size and composition of social groups, including masculinization levels of male and female group members from 2009 to 2019. Our results revealed that male testosterone levels covary with the period, male morphotype, and female and male social group environments, but not with offspring social environment (total number of offspring in the social group). Additionally, male degus exhibit low levels of testosterone that are indistinguishable from female levels during mating and offspring rearing. Similar to other highly social mammals, male amicable behavior could be the best male mating strategy, implying a downregulation of males' testosterone levels.

20230822-IKEM: Intrinsic exploration motivation (individual / social and direct / indirect curiosity, creativity and non-exploration), that influences which object and, if the agent is social, partner(s) are chosen for the interaction, is introduced.

This archive contains the results of a multi-agent simulation experiment [1] carried out with Lazy lavender [2] environment. Experiment Label: 20230822-IKEM Experiment design: Agents interact by playing games with objects and adapt their ontologies to agree on decision taking. Intrinsic exploration motivation (individual / social and direct / indirect curiosity, creativity and non-exploration), that influences which object and, if the agent is social, partner(s) are chosen for the interaction, is introduced. Experiment setting: Agents learn decision trees (transformed into ontologies); choose the objects (and partners) to interact with; adapt by splitting their leaf nodes Hypotheses: 1) Agents will be able to fulfil their motivation in terms of increased exploration (exploratory motivations) and decreased exploration (non-exploratory motivation). 2) Agents with exploratory motivation will be more complete, but less accurate than the baseline and non-exploration. 3) Curious agents will be more accurate and complete, but converge slower in comparison with creativity. 4) In more complex settings (higher number of agents and properties), exploration leads to more completeness, accuracy, distance and faster convergence than the baseline. 5) Agents with non-exploratory motivation will be less accurate and complete than the baseline. 6) The indirect learning models have a higher accuracy and completeness than the direct models. 7) Agents with socially oriented intrinsic motivation will have less diverse knowledge, but agree more and converge faster than agents with individual intrinsic motivation. 8) Heterogeneously motivated agents will have a higher accuracy and completeness, but lower diversity and converge slower than homogeneously motivated agents. Detailed information can be found in index.html or notebook.ipynb. [1] <a href="\">https://sake.re/20230822-IKEM</a> [2] <a href="\">https://gitlab.inria.fr/moex/lazylav/</a>

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Immune challenge changes social behaviour in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

Increased exposure to pathogens is often considered to be one of the most significant costs of group living. As a result, animals typically avoid close association with individuals that manifest symptoms of disease. The question remains, however, whether avoidance behaviours are mediated by effects relating specifically to the disease itself, or through recognition of more general sickness behaviours that emerge from the activity of the immune system in response to infection. Here we examined the effects of an immune challenge, induced through exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), on individual and social behaviour in female guppies (Poecilia reticulata). We found that in a binary choice presentation, healthy focal individuals showed a strong preference to associate with stimulus shoals of saline-injected fish rather than stimulus shoals of LPS-injected fish. In a subsequent examination of group-level dynamics, shoals of LPS-injected females were more dispersed than similar shoals comprised of control fish, and showed less coherent collective behaviour despite the lack of any obvious difference in general activity between LPS and control fish. We discuss these findings in relation to the need for social animals to mitigate the risk of disease that is associated with living in proximity to conspecifics.

Data for Vasari Social Network

Results for Vasari Social Network

Files to run scripts in <a href="https://github.com/ISE-FIZKarlsruhe/vasari_network">https://github.com/ISE-FIZKarlsruhe/vasari_network</a> for generating a social network weighted with Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI) from The Lives of The Artists (1568) by Giorgio Vasari. The input data for running the source code is available <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8395369">here</a>. The centralities/ directory contains 10 files reporting the highest centraility scores in the extracted network. The network is extracted dynamically from a 10 volumes edition of the book. This means that a network is created for each volume. However, every network is the evolution of his precedent since it includes the information extracted from the previous volumes of the book. The numerical division of the results (from 0 to 9) reflects this dynamic extraction.

Impact of prolonged chronic social isolation stress on behavior and multifractal complexity of metabolic rate in Octodon degus

We investigated the effects of prolonged chronic social isolation stress on behavioral, cognitive, and physiological performance in the social, long-lived rodent Octodon degus. Degu pups were separated into two social stress treatments: control (CTRL) and chronically isolated (CI) individuals from post-natal and post-weaning until adulthood. We quantified anxiety-like behavior and cognitive performance with behavioral tests. Additionally, we measured their basal metabolic rate (BMR). Data include behavioral tests and physiological traits (body mass and Basal Metabolic Rate).

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

The emergence of division of labor through decentralized social sanctioning

Human ecological success relies on our characteristic ability to flexibly self-organize into cooperative social groups, the most successful of which employ substantial specialization and division of labor. Unlike most other animals, humans learn by trial and error during their lives what role to take on. However, when some critical roles are more attractive than others, and individuals are self-interested, then there is a social dilemma: each individual would prefer others take on the critical but unremunerative roles so they may remain free to take one that pays better. But disaster occurs if all act thusly and a critical role goes unfilled. In such situations learning an optimum role distribution may not be possible. Consequently, a fundamental question is: how can division of labor emerge in groups of self-interested lifetime-learning individuals? Here we show that by introducing a model of social norms, which we regard as emergent patterns of decentralized social sanctioning, it becomes possible for groups of self-interested individuals to learn a productive division of labor involving all critical roles. Such social norms work by redistributing rewards within the population to disincentivize antisocial roles while incentivizing prosocial roles that do not intrinsically pay as well as others.

opencc-by-nc-4.0May 2022View details →

Extracted Information for the Systematic Review of Survey Scales for Measuring Information Privacy Concerns on Social Network Sites

The data set is part of a systematic literature review of survey scales for measuring information privacy concerns (IPCs) used in research on social network sites (SNSs). The results of this systematic literature review are available in Bartol, J., Vehovar, V., & Petrovčič, A. (2023). Systematic review of survey scales measuring information privacy concerns on social network sites. Telematics and Informatics, 102063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2023.102063 The article also includes a detailed description of the methods used in generating this data set.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Data from: Large fitness benefits of social nesting in a small carpenter bee

Facultatively social insects are an optimal model group for the study of the emergence of cooperation between individuals. Factors influencing the fitness benefits of social nesting are still debated. Non-reproductive subordinates can benefit from indirect fitness benefits due to increasing reproductive success of related individuals or direct fitness benefits due to direct future reproduction. Here, we studied the costs and benefits of social nesting in the small carpenter bee Ceratina albosticta. From demographic data and within-nest relatedness we obtained key parameters for assessing the fitness of solitary females, social primaries, and social secondaries. C. albosticta were found to usually mate with one male and multiple mating is not common although exists at low frequencies. Social nests usually contain two females, which were found to be related (full sisters), but also some females were unrelated to each other. Patterns of parentage from microsatellite loci revealed that only one female reproduces in social nests. Our results show that relatedness, per capita brood productivity, and offspring survival strongly increase the fitness benefits of social nesting strategies. Social secondaries, when related to the social primaries, have higher inclusive fitness than solitary females, but unrelated social nesting females had no indirect fitness and much reduced inclusive fitness compared to solitary females. Interestingly, average fitness benefits of the social secondary were higher than solitary females. This study provides important empirical data on the costs and benefits of sociality in a facultatively social bee and sets the stage for future comparative studies.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Indicators of Social Sustainability obtained from Sustainability in Aquaculture Research Network

Indicators of social sustainability obtained for the 8 systems of LTS studied. Monoc. = monoculture; sub-trop. = subtropical; IMTA = integrated multi trophic aquaculture; PHY = person-hour per year; PH = person-hour, “-“ = no data.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Male social environment and female masculinization level interact to explain female testosterone levels in a communally rearing rodent

Testosterone is known to modulate several morphological and behavioral phenotypic traits in males. However, females also synthetize testosterone and other androgens which influence the development and function of female tissues. In vertebrates, mating and social interactions can in turn modulate individual female testosterone levels, generally being higher in females that compete for males and/or that monopolize reproduction. Female testosterone levels may also be higher in females with masculinized phenotypes or when females are exposed to the energetic demands of reproduction. We used data from a long-term study (2009–2019) in a natural population of the communally rearing rodent Octodon degus to examine the potential associations between female serum testosterone levels and season, female masculinization morphotype, and the individual composition within social groups. We quantified the size and composition of social groups, including the masculinization morphotype of adult male and female group members. We found that female testosterone levels were higher in masculinized vs. feminized females and were also higher during the offspring-rearing season than the mating season. Female testosterone levels also varied with the number and morphotype of male group members, but not with female or offspring social environments. Together, our results suggest that female testosterone levels are more sensitive to intersexual than to intrasexual interactions. Our results also reveal that female and male testosterone levels do not significantly differ between the sexes, a notable finding previously reported only in rock hyraxes. We discuss how the complex social system of degus could be driving this physiological similarity between the sexes.

Dynamic social interactions and keystone species shape the diversity and stability of mixed-species biofilms – an example from dairy isolates - Dataset

We previously reported a bacterial four-species biofilm model comprising Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (SR), Bacillus licheniformis (BL), Microbacterium lacticum (ML), and Calidifontibacter indicus (CI) that were isolated from the surface of a dairy pasteuriser after cleaning and disinfection. These bacteria produced 3.13-fold more biofilm mass compared to the sum of biofilm masses in monoculture (<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1159434">https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1159434</a>). In a subsequent experiment we confirmed that the observed community synergy resulted from dynamic social interactions among various species pairs, encompassing commensalism, exploitation, and amensalism. M. lacticum appeared to be the keystone species as it increased the growth of all other species that led to the synergy in biofilm mass. Interactions among the other three species (in the absence of M. lacticum) also contributed towards the synergy in biofilm mass. Bacterial cell-free-supernatants were also investigated to assess the nature of the observed synergy. The first four sheets of the Excel file contain raw cell count data for the four species (SR, BL, ML, and CI), recorded every 4 h over a 24 h period on the surface of stainless steel (SS) in the presence of brain-heart-infusion (BHI) medium and skim-milk (SM). Data related to individual bacterial cell counts in various mixed-species biofilms are also presented. These biofilms were developed on SS in BHI for h.  Data related to bacterial biofilm masses in different mixed-species biofilm combinations are also presented, showcasing the effect of replacing one strain with its CFS. Species written in red indicate that their CFS was used, not their viable form.

ÁGUA VOLUME GLOBAL E CONSTRUÇÃO SOCIAL

Os conflitos hídricos têm aumentado em vários países ao redor do mundo, muitas vezes devido à escassez, dificultando o abastecimento da população e levando a disputas políticas. Mas recursos hídricos abundantes também podem levar a conflitos, muitas vezes mais do que em uma situação de escassez de água. Por causa da oferta desigual, é necessário entender ambas as situações para analisar os conflitos hídricos contemporâneos, que podem afetar as pessoas direta ou indiretamente, levando a intensas e longas batalhas judiciais. O objetivo deste artigo é revisar a literatura a respeito dos conflitos hídricos contemporâneos. Dessa forma, promete fornecer argumentos para diversos movimentos sociais decorrentes dos conflitos hídricos. Os debates sobre o tipo de conflito pela água geralmente se concentram em situações de escassez, seja por estresse hídrico ou escassez hídrica. As disputas serão acompanhadas, assim como os afetados. As Nações Unidas preveem que até 2025, a escassez de água afetará 5 bilhões de pessoas em áreas urbanas. Nesse sentido para pedir medidas emergenciais, informar, alertar e determinar a legalidade do uso responsável da água, arriscando uma guerra global pelo produto.

A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS JOGOS E BRINCADEIRAS LÚDICAS PARA O ESTIMULO COGNITIVO, MOTOR E SOCIAL DAS CRIANÇAS

Os jogos e brincadeiras lúdicas desempenham um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento das crianças, contribuindo para o estímulo cognitivo, motor e social. Essas atividades não são apenas uma forma de entretenimento, mas também uma ferramenta útil para o crescimento e aprendizagem infantil. Jogos e brincadeiras estimulam a criatividade e a imaginação das crianças, ajudando no desenvolvimento do pensamento divergente. Resolvendo quebra-cabeças, jogando jogos de tabuleiro e participando de atividades educativas, as crianças melhoram suas habilidades de resolução de problemas. Jogos de memória, que fecham que as crianças se lembrem de regras e padrões, importantes para o fortalecimento da memória. Brincadeiras ao ar livre, como pular corda, andar de bicicleta e jogar bola, promovem o desenvolvimento motor das crianças, melhorando sua melhoria motora e equilíbrio. Jogos que envolvem movimentos físicos, como dançar ou jogar videogames interativos, ajudam a aprimorar as habilidades motoras finas e grossas. Jogar em grupo ensina às crianças habilidades sociais essenciais, como compartilhar, cooperar, resolver conflitos e respeitar as regras. Brincadeiras promovem a comunicação e a interação com os outros, ajudando as crianças a desenvolver empatia e compreensão emocional. Participar de jogos de equipe, como esportes coletivos, ensino e trabalho em equipe. Os jogos e brincadeiras lúdicas abordam aspectos cognitivos, motores e sociais de maneira integrada, promovendo um desenvolvimento global da criança. Essas atividades proporcionaram uma maneira divertida e eficaz de aprendizagem, tornando a educação mais envolvente e agradável para as crianças. Em resumo, os jogos e brincadeiras lúdicas desempenham um papel crucial no crescimento e no desenvolvimento infantil, estimulando a mente, o corpo e as habilidades sociais das crianças. Portanto, é fundamental que os pais, educadores e cuidadores incentivem e proporcionem oportunidades para que as crianças participem dessas atividades, contribuindo para o seu pleno potencial.

O JARDIM SENSORIAL COMO FERRAMENTA INTERDISCIPLINAR PARA INCLUSÃO SOCIAL E EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA LITERATURA CIENTÍFICA

Este artigo aborda o tema dos jardins sensoriais como ferramentas para promover a inclusão social e a educação ambiental. O problema de pesquisa consiste em investigar o impacto e os benefícios desses jardins, considerando a diversidade de grupos sociais, e compreender como eles contribuem para a conscientização ambiental. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar a literatura científica atual relacionada a jardins sensoriais, realizando uma revisão sistemática para identificar características essenciais desses espaços e avaliar seu impacto na inclusão social e educação ambiental. A metodologia incluiu uma busca criteriosa de fontes em bases de dados acadêmicos, a seleção de estudos relevantes e a análise crítica dos resultados. Os principais resultados indicam que os jardins sensoriais têm potencial para promover a inclusão social de grupos diversos, aprimorar o bem-estar das pessoas com necessidades especiais e aumentar a conscientização ambiental. No entanto, há lacunas na pesquisa que demandam estudos de longo prazo, generalização para contextos culturais diversos e a exploração de estratégias educacionais específicas. Em conclusão, este estudo destaca o valor dos jardins sensoriais como ferramentas interdisciplinares que podem contribuir para uma sociedade mais inclusiva e consciente do meio ambiente. O conhecimento gerado nesta revisão da literatura oferece informações valiosos para orientar pesquisas futuras e práticas educacionais voltadas para a ascensão da sustentabilidade e inclusão social no país.

openJun 2024View details →

Mobiliscope, an open platform to explore cities and social mix around the clock. www.mobiliscope.cnrs.fr

Cities are not the same at night and during the day : people move daily and make changes in neighbourhoods densities and their social structures. Mobiliscope is a free and open-source web mapping platform to explore how cities, neighborhoods and social segregation change over a 24 hours period. 58 city regions are included in this version (v4.3) of the Mobiliscope : 49 French cities, 6 Canadian cities and 3 Latin American cities. <a href="https://mobiliscope.cnrs.fr/">https://mobiliscope.cnrs.fr/</a> Data are made available under the Open Database License - ODbL. Users are free to use and adapt these data as long as they redistribute a version of their adapted database under the ODbL licence and that they attribute the original sources as indicated in the pdf files.

closedIPD-NOFeb 2026View details →

Implementing and Evaluating a Social-Emotional Learning Program for Refugee Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04931888. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

SPD503 in Subjects Aged 6-17 Years With Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD), or Social Phobia (SoP)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01470469. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

A Personalized Reminder Information and Social Management System

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01497613. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.