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FIGURES 6–7 in Desert Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Thaumastellidae): New records and review of the distribution and habitat of this relict group

FIGURES 6–7. Habitat of Thaumastella namaquensis Schaefer & Wilcox, 1971, South Africa, Farm Deurdrift near Springbok. (Photos: D. H. Jacobs).

FIGURES 3–5 in Desert Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Thaumastellidae): New records and review of the distribution and habitat of this relict group

FIGURES 3–5. Habitus of South African Thaumastella species. 3—Th. elizabethae Jacobs, 1989, holotype ♂ and its labels; 4—Th. namaquensis Schaefer & Wilcox, 1971, holotype ♂ and its labels; 5—living specimen of Th. namaquensis, Namibia, Gellap, 9.ix.2008. (Photos: 3–4—D. H. Jacobs, 5—J. Deckert).

FIGURES 9–11 in Desert Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Thaumastellidae): New records and review of the distribution and habitat of this relict group

FIGURES 9–11. Distribution maps of Thaumastella species: 9—general view; 10—detailed distribution of Th. aradoides Horváth, 1896 in North Africa and Near East; 11—detailed distribution of Th. elizabethae Jacobs, 1989, Th. namaquensis Schaefer & Wilcox, 1971 and Thaumastella sp. nov. in Namibia and South Africa.

FIGURES 1–2 in Desert Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Thaumastellidae): New records and review of the distribution and habitat of this relict group

FIGURES 1–2. Habitus of Thaumastella aradoides Horváth, 1896. 1—holotype ♀ (2.40 mm) and its labels; 2—♀ (2.25 mm) from Saudi Arabia: Wadi Eidabi. (Photos: 1—P. Kóbor, 2—A. Carapezza).

FIGURE 8 in Desert Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Thaumastellidae): New records and review of the distribution and habitat of this relict group

FIGURE 8. Landscape where an undescribed Thaumastella species was collected near Beaufort West in the Karroo, South Africa. (Photo: D. H. Jacobs).

Distribution. Namibia, Botswana, W & S Zimbabwe, S Mozambique, Swaziland, W Lesotho, and South Africa. Records from the SW of Angola are all before 1970. in Hyaenidae

Distribution. Namibia, Botswana, W & S Zimbabwe, S Mozambique, Swaziland, W Lesotho, and South Africa. Records from the SW of Angola are all before 1970.

Subspecies and Distribution. B. c. crassicauda Peters, 1852 — DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. B. c. nigrescens Sale & Taylor, 1970 — Kenya (Lukenya Hill). B. c. omnivora Heller, 1913 — coastal forests of Kenya and extreme NE Tanzania. B. c. puisa Peters, 1852 — NE Mozambique and E Tanzania. B. c. tenuis Thomas & Wroughton, 1908 — Tanzania (Zanzibar I). A few recent records from Yemen, but these need confirmation. in Herpestidae

Subspecies and Distribution. B. c. crassicauda Peters, 1852 — DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. B. c. nigrescens Sale & Taylor, 1970 — Kenya (Lukenya Hill). B. c. omnivora Heller, 1913 — coastal forests of Kenya and extreme NE Tanzania. B. c. puisa Peters, 1852 — NE Mozambique and E Tanzania. B. c. tenuis Thomas & Wroughton, 1908 — Tanzania (Zanzibar I). A few recent records from Yemen, but these need confirmation.

Subspecies and Distribution. H. e. edwardsii Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818 — SE India and Sri Lanka. H. e. carnaticus Wroughton, 1921 — SW India (Karnatka). H. e. moerens Wroughton, 1915 — Bangladesh, Bhutan, C & NE India, and Nepal. H. e. montanus Bechthold, 1936 — Saudi Arabia to NW India. H. e. pallens Ryley, 1914 — W India (Gujarat). A few old museum specimens are reported from Peninsular Malaysia, whereit is said to have been introduced, butit has not been recorded there since the beginning of the 20" century. in Herpestidae

Subspecies and Distribution. H. e. edwardsii Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818 — SE India and Sri Lanka. H. e. carnaticus Wroughton, 1921 — SW India (Karnatka). H. e. moerens Wroughton, 1915 — Bangladesh, Bhutan, C & NE India, and Nepal. H. e. montanus Bechthold, 1936 — Saudi Arabia to NW India. H. e. pallens Ryley, 1914 — W India (Gujarat). A few old museum specimens are reported from Peninsular Malaysia, whereit is said to have been introduced, butit has not been recorded there since the beginning of the 20" century.

Subspecies and Distribution. M. d. decemlineata Grandidier, 1867 — CW Madagascar (Menabe region). M. d. lineata Pocock, 1915 — SW Madagascar (S of the Mangoky River). The previous records ofthis form in the Lac Tsimanampetsotsa area are misidentified specimens of Grandidier's Vontsira. in Eupleridae

Subspecies and Distribution. M. d. decemlineata Grandidier, 1867 — CW Madagascar (Menabe region). M. d. lineata Pocock, 1915 — SW Madagascar (S of the Mangoky River). The previous records ofthis form in the Lac Tsimanampetsotsa area are misidentified specimens of Grandidier's Vontsira.

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FIGURE 5. Serranus novemcinctus, SAIAB 188950 in Revalidation and redescription of Serranus knysnaensis Gilchrist, 1904 (Perciformes: Serranidae) with a new distribution record

FIGURE 5. Serranus novemcinctus, SAIAB 188950 (116.3−262.0 mm SL), from Walters Shoal, southern Madagascar, photograph by Allan D. Connell (NRF-SAIAB).

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FIGURE 3. A in Revalidation and redescription of Serranus knysnaensis Gilchrist, 1904 (Perciformes: Serranidae) with a new distribution record

FIGURE 3. A maximum likelihood tree based on 92 COI mtDNA sequences (597 bp) of 17 Serranus species based on the General Time Reversible model. All sequences were downloaded from BOLD and GenBank (Table 1). The bottom scale bar represents branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. Study species clusters are also highlighted: Serranus cabrilla (SC), S. knysnaensis (SK) and S. novemcinctus (SN).

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FIGURE 1 in Revalidation and redescription of Serranus knysnaensis Gilchrist, 1904 (Perciformes: Serranidae) with a new distribution record

FIGURE 1. Serranus knysnaensis (a) Underwater picture from Umhlanga Ruby Snow (29°44' S, 31°15' E), Photograph by Ryan Palmer (DST/NRF/ACEP Spatial Solutions Project), and (b) in preservation (SAIAB 17159, 64.9 mm SL, Tsitsikamma, South Africa).

Distribution. Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, and Borneo. There is one skin from N Vietnam (Tonkin, the type locality of C. lowei) and a possible skin record in China (S Yunnan). However, there have been no further confirmed records from these two areas. in Viverridae

Distribution. Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, and Borneo. There is one skin from N Vietnam (Tonkin, the type locality of C. lowei) and a possible skin record in China (S Yunnan). However, there have been no further confirmed records from these two areas.

Distribution. Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal to China, Mainland SE Asia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines, and many ssa small islands. Also scattered records in Sulawesi, Moluccan Is, Timor, and the Aru Is, probably resulting from introductions. Presence uncertain in Papua New Guinea. Introduced to Japan in the late 1800s. in Viverridae

Distribution. Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, and Nepal to China, Mainland SE Asia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, the Philippines, and many ssa small islands. Also scattered records in Sulawesi, Moluccan Is, Timor, and the Aru Is, probably resulting from introductions. Presence uncertain in Papua New Guinea. Introduced to Japan in the late 1800s.

Subspecies and Distribution. P. l. larvata C. E. H. Smith, 1827 — China (and Taiwan & Hainan Is), Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. P. l. annectens Robinson & Kloss, 1917 — Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. P. l. grayi Bennett, 1835 — Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. P. l. leucocephala Gray 1865 — Borneo. P. l. leucomystax Gray, 1837 — Sumatra. P. l. tytlerii Tytler, 1864 — Andaman Is. A possible sighting in western Java in 1993; however, there are no other records for this island. Introduced to Japan. in Viverridae

Subspecies and Distribution. P. l. larvata C. E. H. Smith, 1827 — China (and Taiwan & Hainan Is), Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam. P. l. annectens Robinson & Kloss, 1917 — Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. P. l. grayi Bennett, 1835 — Bhutan, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. P. l. leucocephala Gray 1865 — Borneo. P. l. leucomystax Gray, 1837 — Sumatra. P. l. tytlerii Tytler, 1864 — Andaman Is. A possible sighting in western Java in 1993; however, there are no other records for this island. Introduced to Japan.

Subspecies and Distribution. V. t. tangalunga Gray, 1832 — Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, several Indonesian islands (Amboina I, Banggi I, Langkawi I, Rhio-Lingga Archipelago, Bangka I, Karimata I & Sulawesi), and the Philippines; also two records from Java, but no evidence of native population. V. t. lankavensis Robinson & Kloss, 1920 — Malaysia (Langkawi I). in Viverridae

Subspecies and Distribution. V. t. tangalunga Gray, 1832 — Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, several Indonesian islands (Amboina I, Banggi I, Langkawi I, Rhio-Lingga Archipelago, Bangka I, Karimata I & Sulawesi), and the Philippines; also two records from Java, but no evidence of native population. V. t. lankavensis Robinson & Kloss, 1920 — Malaysia (Langkawi I).

Distribution. NE & SE Pakistan, India, S Nepal, Bangladesh, where it has been almost extirpated, and Sri Lanka. Doubtful records from Myanmar and China (Yunnan). in Manidae

Distribution. NE & SE Pakistan, India, S Nepal, Bangladesh, where it has been almost extirpated, and Sri Lanka. Doubtful records from Myanmar and China (Yunnan).

Distribution. The Anoa is endemic to Sulawesi and Buton Is, with no records from other small neighboring islands. in Bovidae

Distribution. The Anoa is endemic to Sulawesi and Buton Is, with no records from other small neighboring islands.

Distribution. Balabac, Ramos, and Bugsuk Is, Palawan region, Phillipines. In the late 1990s, a small stock of eight Balabac Chevrotains escaped from their enclosures on Calauit Island, a small island off the coast of Busuanga Island, north of Palawan, where the species had been maintained and bred since 1982. These animals were reported to have increased to at least 21 free-living individuals by 2006. Apparently the species was also introduced to the larger island of Palawan. No recent records confirm that it is still extant there, although unconfirmed reports suggest that it may survive in southern Palawan. in Tragulidae

Distribution. Balabac, Ramos, and Bugsuk Is, Palawan region, Phillipines. In the late 1990s, a small stock of eight Balabac Chevrotains escaped from their enclosures on Calauit Island, a small island off the coast of Busuanga Island, north of Palawan, where the species had been maintained and bred since 1982. These animals were reported to have increased to at least 21 free-living individuals by 2006. Apparently the species was also introduced to the larger island of Palawan. No recent records confirm that it is still extant there, although unconfirmed reports suggest that it may survive in southern Palawan.

Distribution. Java. Several biogeographic reviews failed to list the genus for Bali, an island directly east of Java with strong biogeographic affinities to the latter. A sighting was, however, reported from Bali Barat National Park, in a birdwatching trip report. Given the live-animal trade of this species on Java, further records are needed to confirm whether or not there is a native population of the genus on Bali. If there is, biogeographic considerations suggest it would be most closely related to the Javan population and quite probably conspecific. in Tragulidae

Distribution. Java. Several biogeographic reviews failed to list the genus for Bali, an island directly east of Java with strong biogeographic affinities to the latter. A sighting was, however, reported from Bali Barat National Park, in a birdwatching trip report. Given the live-animal trade of this species on Java, further records are needed to confirm whether or not there is a native population of the genus on Bali. If there is, biogeographic considerations suggest it would be most closely related to the Javan population and quite probably conspecific.