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Fig. 2 in Carapace bone histology in the giant pleurodiran turtle Stupendemys geographicus: Phylogeny and function
Fig. 2. Selected photographs of the thin−sections used in this study in normal light. Cortical thicknesses are marked with a bracket. A. Neural of Stupendemys geographicus Wood, 1976 (UNEFM−101), late Miocene Urumaco Fm., Venezuela, South America. Internal and external cortices are of similar thickness. B. Costal fragment A of Stupendemys geographicus Wood, 1976 (UNEFM−CIAPP−2002−01; same provenance as in A). The plane of sectioning is perpendicular to the long−axis of the carapace (L−section). Both cortices are not clearly defined (signalized with question marks) due to diagenetic processes. C. Neural and costal (YPM 11853) of Podocnemis erythrocephala (Spix, 1824), Recent red−headed Amazon River turtle, South America (provenance unknown). Both cortices are of similar thickness. D. Costal (FM P27406) of Bothremys barberi (Schmidt, 1940), Campanian (Late Cretaceous) Mooreville Chalk, Selma Group, Dallas County, Alabama, USA. The internal cortex is reduced. E. Neural (YPM 40288) of Taphrosphys sulcatus (Leidy, 1856), Late Cretaceous, New Jersey, USA. The internal cortex is reduced. F. Plastral fragment (?hyo− or hypoplastron, IPB R559a) of "Foxemys cf. F. mechinorum", Late Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian), Cruzy, Hérault, southern France. The internal cortex is reduced. G. Drilled core of costal (MVZ 230517) of Pelomedusa subrufa (Bonnaterre, 1789), a Recent African helmeted turtle (provenance unknown). The keratinous shield still covers the bone. H. Xiphiplastron of Hesperotestudo (Caudochelys) crassiscutata (Leidy, 1889) (ROM 55400), Pleistocene, Florida, USA. Internal and external cortices that frame cancellous bone are of equal thickness. I. Shell element (YPM 1783) of Archelon ischyros Wieland, 1896, Late Cretaceous, South Dakota, USA. The bone tissue is uniformly cancellous. Abbreviations: CB, cancellous bone; ECO, external cortex; ICO, internal cortex; KS, keratinous shield. Scale bars 10 mm.
Fig. 6 in Carapace bone histology in the giant pleurodiran turtle Stupendemys geographicus: Phylogeny and function
Fig. 6. Bone histology of Pelomedusa subrufa (Bonnaterre, 1789); Recent, Africa (provenance unknown). Thin−section of a sampled costal (MVZ 230517). A. The whole of the thin−section observed in polarized light. The diploe build of the shell is apparent below a keratinous shield (see also Fig. 2G). Only a thin layer of connective tissue is present in between the shield tissue and the bone tissue. The plane of sectioning lies perpendicular to the incorporated rib in the costal. In the thin−section, the former rib is only seen as a dorsoventrally thickened amount of cancellous bone and the slightly curved internal cortex. B. Detail of the external cortex of the costal in polarized light where the interwoven fiber bundles are interspersed with primary osteons. Bone cell lacunae that appear within the whole of the cortical bone are rather of round shapes. C. Detail of the parallel−fibered bone of the internal cortex of the costal. Below the surface of the bone, a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue is still present. Abbreviations: CL, bone cell lacunae; CT, connective tissue; ECO, external cortex; ICO, internal cortex; ISF, interwoven structural collagenous fiber bundles; KS, keratinous shield; PFB, parallel−fibered bone; PO, primary osteon, SF, structural collagenous fiber bundles; TR, bone trabeculae.
Fig. 4 in Carapace bone histology in the giant pleurodiran turtle Stupendemys geographicus: Phylogeny and function
Fig. 4. Bone histology of Podocnemis erythrocephala (Spix, 1824). Sampled costal (YPM 11853) of Podocnemis erythrocephala (Spix, 1824), the Recent red−headed Amazon River turtle, South America (provenance unknown). A. Photomicrograph of thin−section in polarized light. The diploe structure of the shell is clearly visible. Cortices are of similar size and show growth marks. The interior cancellous bone is largely remodeled by secondary osteons. B. Detail of external cortex in polarized light showing a succession of growth marks (small white arrows) in the interwoven fibrous bone tissue disturbed by a semicircular area of secondary bone remodeling. C. Close−up of the margin of remodeled area seen in B in normal transmitted light. Note the scalloped line and adjacent bone cell lacunae between the primary tissue with growth marks and the secondary bone. D. Same view as in C, seen in polarized light. The Ą
Fig. 7 in Carapace bone histology in the giant pleurodiran turtle Stupendemys geographicus: Phylogeny and function
Fig. 7. Bone histology of Hesperotestudo (Caudochelys) crassiscutata (Leidy, 1889) and Archelon ischyros Wieland, 1896. A. Sampled costal (ROM 55400) of Hesperotestudo (Caudochelys) crassiscutata (Leidy, 1889), Pleistocene of Florida, USA. A1. External cortex observed in normal transmitted light. Vascularization of the cortical bone is observed in form of primary osteons and straight or branching primary canals. Larger scattered secondary osteons are only developed in the direct vicinity of the interior cancellous bone A2. Same detail as in A1, observed in polarized light. Interwoven structural fiber bundles appear like a closely knit fabric. Note how some primary osteons trend almost perpendicular to the surface of the bone. A3. Internal cortex observed in normal light. Note that the layers next to the surface of the bone are sparsely vascularized. Rounded bone cell lacunae appear in clusters in the
Fig. 5 in Carapace bone histology in the giant pleurodiran turtle Stupendemys geographicus: Phylogeny and function
Fig. 5. Bone histology of the bothremydid turtles Bothremys barberi (Schmidt, 1940) and Taphrosphys sulcatus (Leidy, 1856). A. Sampled costal (FM P27406) of Bothremys barberi (Schmidt, 1940), Campanian (Late Cretaceous) Mooreville Chalk, Selma Group, Dallas County, Alabama, USA. A1. External cortex observed in normal light. Widely spaced growth marks are found in this detail of the cortex. The bone tissue in between the growth marks is vascularized by primary osteons or branching primary canals. Structural fiber bundles that trend perpendicular to the surface of the bone are found throughout the whole of the cortex. A2. Same view as in A1, seen in polarized light. Perpendicular fiber bundles cross the interwoven structural fiber bundles. Note that not all growth marks (small white arrows) appear as bright, birefringent lines in the fibrous tissue. B. Sampled neural (YPM 40288) of Taphrosphys sulcatus (Leidy, 1856), Late Cretaceous, New Jersey, USA. B1. External cortex and external part of cancellous bone are observed in normal light. The cortical bone has 20 growth marks (small white arrows). Vascularization is accomplished through primary osteons and primary canals. Ą
Fig. 1 in Carapace bone histology in the giant pleurodiran turtle Stupendemys geographicus: Phylogeny and function
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic working−hypothesis of the sampled pelomedusoid turtle taxa (Pleurodira: Pelomedusoides) based on Antunes and Broin (1988), Broin (1988), Meylan (1996), and Tong et al. (1998). Fossil taxa are indicated by a small cross in parentheses and numbers are applied for higher taxa names. 1, Pelomedusoides; 2, Podocnemoidae; 3, Bothremydidae; 4, Podocnemidae.
Fig. 3 in Carapace bone histology in the giant pleurodiran turtle Stupendemys geographicus: Phylogeny and function
Fig. 3. Bone histology of Stupendemys geographicus Wood, 1976. A, Sampled neural fragment (UNEFM−101) of Stupendemys geographicus Wood, 1976, late Miocene Urumaco Fm., Venezuela, South America. A1. Close−up of external cortex in normal transmitted light. The cortical bone is vascularized by primary and secondary osteons. Growth marks (small white arrows) occur throughout the external cortex. A2. Same external cortex as in A1, seen in polarized light. The external cortex constitutes a bone matrix of interwoven structural fiber bundles with scattered primary and secondary osteons. A. Close−up Ą 3
Grass Phylogeny Working Group III: data repository
<p><strong>Grass Phylogeny Working Group III: data repository</strong></p> <p>Phylogenetic analyses of the grass family (Poaceae) using nuclear and plastid data. The data set includes 1153 accessions corresponding to 1133 accepted species. Genomic data was obtained from different sources including target capture, shotgun, transcriptomes and annotated genomes. Nuclear markers (Angiosperm353 gene set) were assembled from short read data using HybPiper or a custom assembly pipeline optimized for low coverage shotgun data. Plastid genes were either retrieved from published plastome sequences or assembled here using getOrganelle. This data set also includes the results of a gene tree-species tree reconciliation analysis using GeneRax.</p> <p> </p> <p>Contact persons:</p> <p>Matheus E. Bianconi (matheus-enrique.bianconi@univ-tlse3.fr), Jan Hackel (jan.hackel@uni-marburg.de), Maria S. Vorontsova (m.vorontsova@kew.org)</p> <p> </p> <p>Content description</p> <p><strong>1. Metadata</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>gpwgIII_samples_metadata_taxonomy.tsv</code></li> </ul> <p>Tab-separated file with details for all 1,702 accessions used in this study. Columns: analysis_ID - ID in nuclear analyses; analysis_ID_plastome - ID in plastome analyses; acc_species - accepted species name; acc_species_author - taxonomic species authority; acc_genus - accepted genus name; acc_genus_author - taxomomic genus authority; publication - associated prior publication; data type - type of sequence data; isolate - laboratory isolate ID; voucher_ID - herbarium voucher ID; germplasm_ID - germplasm collection ID; repo_accession - accession number in public repository; plastome_accession - accession number of assembled plastome sequence; removed_nuclear - reason for removal from nuclear tree, if applicable; removed_plastome - reason for removal from plastome tree, if applicable; soreng2022_genus - genus name in Soreng et al. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12847; subtribe, tribe, subfamily, major.clade - classification according to Soreng et al. 2022.</p> <p><strong>2. Nuclear data</strong></p> <p><em>- Dataset1 ("main")</em><br>Number of samples: 1153<br>Number of genes: 331<br>Alignment trimming threshold: gt = 0.1 (removed sites > 90% missing data)<br>Genes per sample: > 166</p> <p><em>- Dataset2 ("strict trimming")</em><br>Number of samples: 1153<br>Number of genes: 315<br>Alignment trimming threshold: gt = 0.5 (removed sites > 50% missing data)<br>Genes per sample: > 158</p> <p><em>- Dataset3 (dataset 1 without shotgun samples)</em><br>Number of samples: 841<br>Number of genes: 331<br>Alignment trimming threshold: gt = 0.1 (removed sites > 90% missing data)<br>Genes per sample: > 166</p> <p><strong>2.1. Raw sequences</strong></p> <p>Raw Ang353 sequence assemblies for all samples (pre-trimming and filtering)</p> <ul> <li><code>raw_Ang353_sequences.zip</code></li> </ul> <p><strong>2.2 Nuclear gene alignments</strong></p> <p>Trimmed alignments from datasets 1, 2 and 3.</p> <ul> <li><code>alignments_dataset1_main_final.zip</code></li> <li><code>alignments_dataset2_strict_trimming_final.zip</code></li> <li><code>alignments_dataset3_no_shotgun_final.zip</code></li> </ul> <p><strong>2.3. Nuclear gene trees</strong><br>Gene trees inferred using RAxML (GTRCAT, 100 bootstraps) for the alignments from datasets 1, 2 and 3.</p> <ul> <li><code>gene_trees_dataset1_main_final.zip</code></li> <li><code>gene_trees_dataset2_strict_trimming_final.zip</code></li> <li><code>gene_trees_dataset3_no_shotgun_final.zip</code></li> </ul> <p><strong>2.4. Multigene species trees</strong><br>Multigene species trees obtained using Astral-Pro3 from gene trees for datasets 1, 2 and 3. </p> <ul> <li><code>astralpro_trees.zip</code>, which includes: <ul> <li>trees_Ang353_grasses_dataset1_main_gtrcat.astralpro</li> <li>trees_Ang353_grasses_dataset2_strict_trimming_gtrcat.astralpro</li> <li>trees_Ang353_grasses_dataset3_no_shotgun_gtrcat.astralpro</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>3. Gene tree–species tree reconciliation</strong></p> <ul> <li><code>generax.zip</code></li> </ul> <p>Compressed zip archive with input files and results, including log files, of the GeneRax reconciliation analysis. One subfolder for each of the four analyses run: "all_tribes", "Andropogoneae", "Bambusoideae", "Triticeae".</p> <ul> <li><code>transfers_reconciliation_analyses.zip</code>, which includes: <ul> <li>transfers_all_all_tribes.tsv: Tab-separated file with all transfers inferred with the tribe-level Poaceae reconciliation analysis. Each line represents one transfer inferred.</li> <li>transfers_all_Andropogoneae.tsv: Tab-separated file with all transfers inferred with the Andropogoneae reconciliation analysis. Each line represents one transfer inferred.</li> <li>transfers_all_Bambusoideae.tsv: Tab-separated file with all transfers inferred with the Bambusoideae reconciliation analysis. Each line represents one transfer inferred.</li> <li>transfers_all_Triticeae.tsv: Tab-separated file with all transfers inferred with the Triticeae reconciliation analysis. Each line represents one transfer inferred.</li> <li>transfers_counts_all_tribes.tsv: Tab-separated file with aggregated transfer counts, in both directions for each reticulate connection, from the tribe-level Poaceae reconciliation analysis.</li> <li>transfers_counts_Andropogoneae.tsv: Tab-separated file with aggregated transfer counts, in both directions for each reticulate connection, from the Andropogoneae reconciliation analysis.</li> <li>transfers_counts_Bambusoideae.tsv: Tab-separated file with aggregated transfer counts, in both directions for each reticulate connection, from the Bambusoideae reconciliation analysis.</li> <li>transfers_counts_Triticeae.tsv: Tab-separated file with aggregated transfer counts, in both directions for each reticulate connection, from the Triticeae reconciliation analysis.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>4. Plastome data</strong></p> <p>Alignment and phylogenetic tree from plastome data.</p> <ul> <li><code>plastome_files.zip</code>, which includes <ul> <li>reduced_plastome_concat_CDS_trnLtrnF_trimmed.fna-out.fas: FASTA file with the final, concatenated DNA alignment of 71 plastome regions for 910 accessions, after data filtering.</li> <li>partitions.txt: Text file with positions of the 71 plastome regions in the concatenated alignment.</li> <li>plastome_concat_CDS_trnLtrnF_trimmed_TBE.raxml.support: Plastome tree with Transfer Bootstrap Expectation values as node labels.</li> <li>RAxML_bipartitions.plastome_concat_CDS_trnLtrnF_trimmed: Maximum likelihood plastome tree inferred with RAxML, with Felsenstein bootstrap values as node labels.</li> <li>RAxML_bootstrap.plastome_concat_CDS_trnLtrnF_trimmed: 100 rapid bootstrap pseudoreplicate plastome trees inferred with RAxML.</li> <li>RAxML_info.plastome_concat_CDS_trnLtrnF_trimmed: RAxML analysis log file.</li> <li>nuc_plastome_matching_tips.tab: Tab-separated file with accessions matched in nuclear-plastome comparison.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>5. Poaceae-specific reference Ang353 dataset</strong><br>Reference sequence dataset used for the assembly of Ang353 sequences in this study.</p> <ul> <li><code>target_Ang353_sequences_grasses.zip</code></li> </ul> <p><strong>6. Shotgun assembly script</strong></p> <p>Custom script used for the assembly of Ang353 sequences from shotgun data</p> <ul> <li><code>shotgun_assembler_script.zip</code>, which includes: <ul> <li>shotgun_assembler_Ang353_sequences.sh: script for assembly of short reads from shotgun data</li> <li>template_manifest_file.tsv: TAB-separated file to specify sample names and location of short read files (required by the assembly script)</li> <li>list_Ang353_genes_orthofinder.txt: list of Ang353 gene identifiers (required by the assembly script)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p><strong>7. Quartet metrics script</strong></p> <p>R script to calculate the Quartet Concordance (QC) and Quartet Differential (QD) metrics from the gene tree frequencies/proportions for each quartet at a branch, following Pease et al. 2018 (American Journal of Botany, <span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1016" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1016</a></span>).</p> <ul> <li><code>quartet_metrics.R</code></li> </ul>
Datasets for paper "Frequent Ancient Hybridization Shape the Confounding Phylogeny of Pandanales"
<p><span>The phylogeny of Pandanales, an order of monocots comprising five distinct families (Cyclanthaceae, Pandanaceae, Stemonaceae, Triuridaceae, and Velloziaceae), has long been contentious, particularly concerning the placement of Triuridaceae. Previous phylogenetic studies have produced conflicting results, partly due to the limited scope of molecular data. In this study, we leveraged large-scale transcriptome sequencing from 17 Pandanales species and three outgroup samples, combined with whole-genome data for Acanthochlamys bracteata, to conduct a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. Using both concatenation and coalescent-based methods, we generated a well-supported phylogeny for the group, revealing significant gene tree-species tree discordance. Our hybridization analyses revealed that ancient hybridization played a crucial role in shaping the evolutionary history of the Pandanaceae and Triuridaceae, providing a compelling explanation for the conflicting phylogenetic results in earlier studies. Additionally, whole-genome duplication (WGD) analyses identified five distinct WGD events across the order, suggesting these events played a critical role in the ecological diversification of the families. Our findings resolve key phylogenetic conflicts in Pandanales and underscore the importance of integrating hybridization detection and WGD analysis in understanding plant evolutionary history.</span></p>
FIG. 4 in Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species of genus Rhodocybe sensu stricto Maire (Entolomataceae; Agaricales) from Pakistan
FIG. 4. — Microscopic characters of Rhodocybe pakistanica sp. nov. (LAH37947): A, basidiospores; B, basidia; C, D, cheilo- pleurocystidia; E, gloeoplerous hyphae in hymenial and pileal trama; F, stipitipellis. Scale bars: A, 8 μm; B, C, 10 μm; D, 16 μm; E, 20 μm; F, 25 μm.
FIG. 3 in Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species of genus Rhodocybe sensu stricto Maire (Entolomataceae; Agaricales) from Pakistan
FIG. 3. — Basidiomata of Rhodocybe pakistanica sp. nov.: A-C, LAH37948; D-F, LAH37947. Scale bars: 15 mm.
FIG. 2 in Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species of genus Rhodocybe sensu stricto Maire (Entolomataceae; Agaricales) from Pakistan
FIG. 2. — Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of sequences of Entolomataceae Kotl. & Pouzar, resulting from the analysis of combined nrITS-28S sequences; maximum likelihood bootstrap BT support values greater than 50% are written above the nodes; new species Rhodocybe pakistanica sp. nov. is indicated in bold font.
FIG. 5 in Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species of genus Rhodocybe sensu stricto Maire (Entolomataceae; Agaricales) from Pakistan
FIG. 5. — Line drawings of Rhodocybe pakistanica sp. nov. (LAH37947): A, basidiospores; B, basidia; C, cheilo- pleurocystidia;D, gloeoplerous hyphae in hymenial and pileal trama; E, pileipellis; F, stipitipellis. Scale bars: A, 6 μm; B, C, 10 μm; D, 20 μm; E, 12 μm; F, 25 μm.
FIG. 1 in Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species of genus Rhodocybe sensu stricto Maire (Entolomataceae; Agaricales) from Pakistan
FIG. 1. — Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of sequences of Entolomataceae Kotl. & Pouzar, resulting from the analysis of nrITS sequences; maximum likelihood bootstrap BT support values greater than 50% are written above the nodes; new species Rhodocybe pakistanica sp. nov. is indicated in bold font.
TABLE 1 in Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species of genus Rhodocybe sensu stricto Maire (Entolomataceae; Agaricales) from Pakistan
<p>TABLE 1. — Voucher/strain/isolate, country, GenBank/UNITE accession number, and reference for the specimens included in nrITS and combined ITS-28S phylogenetic analysis. The sequences produced during this study are shown in <b>bold font</b>.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><b>GenBank/UNITE</b></th><th></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td><b>accession no.</b></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><b>Taxon name Voucher/strain/isolate</b></th><td><b>nrITS</b></td><td><b>28S</b></td><td><b>Country</b></td><td><b>Reference</b></td></tr><tr><th><i>Calocybe carnea</i> (outgroup) CBS552.50</th><td>AF357028</td><td>AF223178</td><td>–</td><td>Hofstetter <i>et al.</i> 2002</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitocella fallax</i> CBS605.79</th><td>AF357018</td><td>AF223165</td><td>–</td><td>Hofstetter <i>et al.</i> 2002</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitocella fallax</i> CBS129.63</th><td>AF357017</td><td>AF223166</td><td>–</td><td>Hofstetter <i>et al.</i> 2002</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitocella mundula</i> TJB7599</th><td>DQ494694</td><td>AY700182</td><td>–</td><td>Matheny <i>et al.</i> 2006</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitocella mundula</i> HMJAU 7275</th><td>MN061331</td><td>MN065723</td><td>China</td><td>Jian <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitocella orientalis</i> KUN-HKAS 75664 (Liu53)</th><td>MN061332</td><td>MN065726</td><td>China</td><td>Jian <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitocella orientalis</i> KUN-HKAS 75548 (Cai794)</th><td>MN061333</td><td>MN065727</td><td>China</td><td>Jian <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitopilopsis albida</i> KUN-HKAS 104519 (JSP224)</th><td>MN061335</td><td>MN065730</td><td>China</td><td>Jian <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitopilopsis albida</i> KUN-HKAS 104520 (JSP225)</th><td>MN061336</td><td>MN065731</td><td>China</td><td>Jian <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitopilopsis hirneola</i> MEN 199956</th><td>KC710132</td><td>GQ289211</td><td>–</td><td>Morgado <i>et al.</i> 2013</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitopilopsis hirneola</i> CBS 126.46</th><td>MH856141</td><td>AF223163</td><td>France</td><td>Vu <i>et al.</i> 2019</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitopilus passeckerianus</i> CBS 299.35</th><td>MH855682</td><td>MH867198</td><td>Austria</td><td>Vu <i>et al.</i> 2019</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitopilus scyphoides</i> KRAM5</th><td>MN744420</td><td>MN744422</td><td>India</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitopilus scyphoides</i> CBS 127.47</th><td>MH856181</td><td>MH867707</td><td>France</td><td>Vu <i>et al.</i> 2019</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitopilus sinoapalus</i> KUN-HKAS 77037 (Wu865)</th><td>MN061321</td><td>MN065713</td><td>China</td><td>Jian <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitopilus sinoapalus</i> KUN-HKAS 101191</th><td>MN061322</td><td>MN065711</td><td>China</td><td>Jian <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th>(Yang6002)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitopilus umbilicatus</i> KUN-HKAS 80310 (Han79)</th><td>MN061324</td><td>MN065716</td><td>China</td><td>Jian <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th><i>Clitopilus umbilicatus</i> KUN-HKAS 104509</th><td>MN061327</td><td>MN065719</td><td>China</td><td>Jian <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th>(Wu2506)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Entoloma caccabus</i> MEN 200324</th><td>KC710063</td><td>GQ289155</td><td>–</td><td>Morgado <i>et al.</i> 2013</td></tr><tr><th><i>Entoloma conferendum</i> MEN 200330</th><td>KC710055</td><td>KC710133</td><td>Slovakia</td><td>Morgado <i>et al.</i> 2013</td></tr><tr><th><i>Entoloma serrulatum</i> LE254361</th><td>KC898447</td><td>KC898501</td><td>Russia</td><td>Morozova <i>et al.</i> 2014</td></tr><tr><th><i>Entoloma</i> sp. Sulzbacher 433/1-D-1</th><td>LT594987</td><td>–</td><td>Brazil</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th><i>Entoloma tjallingiorum</i> LE254318</th><td>KC898411</td><td>KC898510</td><td>Russia</td><td>Morozova <i>et al.</i> 2014</td></tr><tr><th><i>Lyophyllum decastes</i> (outgroup) JM87/16(T1)</th><td>AF357059</td><td>AF042583</td><td>–</td><td>Hofstetter <i>et al.</i> 2002</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe asanii</i> KATO:Fungi:3657</th><td>KX834265</td><td>–</td><td>Türkiye</td><td>Sesli & Vizzini 2017</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe asanii</i> KATO:Fungi:3659</th><td>NR_154442</td><td>NG060176</td><td>Türkiye</td><td>Sesli & Vizzini 2017</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe asyae</i> KATO:Fungi:3653</th><td>KX834268</td><td>–</td><td>Türkiye</td><td>Sesli & Vizzini 2017</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe asyae</i> KATO:Fungi:3640</th><td>NR_154443</td><td>NG060177</td><td>Türkiye</td><td>Sesli & Vizzini 2017</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe brunneoaurantiaca</i> CUH AM720</th><td>MW023201</td><td>MW023223</td><td>India: West Bengal</td><td>Dutta <i>et al.</i> 2021</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe brunneoaurantiaca</i> CAL 1825</th><td>MW031906</td><td>MW031916</td><td>India: West Bengal</td><td>Dutta <i>et al.</i> 2021</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe caelata</i> JVG 1070904-2</th><td>KU862855</td><td>–</td><td>Spain</td><td>Vizzini <i>et al.</i> 2016</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe formosa</i> Herb. B. Picillo 12/208</th><td>KU862858</td><td>–</td><td>Italy</td><td>Vizzini <i>et al.</i> 2016</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe formosa</i> LIP JVG 1061015</th><td>KU862856</td><td>–</td><td>Spain</td><td>Vizzini <i>et al.</i> 2016</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe fumanellii</i> MCVE:29550</th><td>NR_166243</td><td>NG068264</td><td>Italy</td><td>Vizzini <i>et al.</i> 2018</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe fusipes</i> DLK 587</th><td>MN306210</td><td>–</td><td>Brazil</td><td>Silva-Filho <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe fusipes</i> DLK 298</th><td>MN306209</td><td>–</td><td>Brazil</td><td>Silva-Filho <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe incarnata</i> REH5369</th><td>MT254071</td><td>–</td><td>Venezuela</td><td>Silva-Filho <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe luteobrunnea</i> CAL:1322</th><td>NR_154434</td><td>NG060167</td><td>India</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe matesina</i> MCVE:29261</th><td>KY629962</td><td>KY629964</td><td>Italy</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe matesina</i> MCVE:29262</th><td>NR_154455</td><td>NG060184</td><td>Italy</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe mellea</i> JBSD127402</th><td>MN784993</td><td>–</td><td>Dominican Republic</td><td>Baroni <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe mellea</i> CORT013885</th><td>MN784992</td><td>–</td><td>Dominican Republic</td><td>Baroni <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe mellea</i> NYBG815044</th><td>MN784995</td><td>–</td><td>Costa Rica</td><td>Baroni <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe mellea</i> CORT014470</th><td>MN784994</td><td>–</td><td>Belize</td><td>Baroni <i>et al.</i> 2020</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe mellea</i> var. <i>depressa</i> F. Wartchow 08-2019</th><td>MT408926</td><td>OL687341</td><td>Brazil</td><td>Xavier <i>et al.</i> 2022</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe minutispora</i> LIP JVG 1071101</th><td>KU862860</td><td>–</td><td>Spain</td><td>Vizzini <i>et al.</i> 2016</td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Rhodocybe pakistanica</i> sp. nov. LAH37948</b></th><td><b>OR606544</b></td><td><b>OR606542</b></td><td><b>Pakistan</b></td><td><b>This study</b></td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Rhodocybe pakistanica</i> sp. nov. LAH37949</b></th><td><b>OR606545</b></td><td><b>–</b></td><td><b>Pakistan</b></td><td><b>This study</b></td></tr><tr><th><b><i>Rhodocybe pakistanica</i> sp. nov. LAH37947</b></th><td><b>OR606543</b></td><td><b>OR606541</b></td><td><b>Pakistan</b></td><td><b>This study</b></td></tr><tr><th><b>(holotype)</b></th></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe pallidogrisea</i> CORT 013944</th><td>KX271752</td><td>–</td><td>Australia</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe roseiavellanea</i> PBM4056 (TENN)</th><td>MF686525</td><td>–</td><td>United States</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe rubrobrunnea</i> CAL 1387</th><td>KX951452</td><td>–</td><td>India</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe</i> sp. Sulzbacher 340</th><td>LT594979</td><td>–</td><td>Brazil</td><td>Sulzbacher <i>et al.</i> 2017</td></tr><tr><th>(UFRN-fungos 2557)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe</i> sp. Sulzbacher 413</th><td>LT594984</td><td>–</td><td>Brazil</td><td>Sulzbacher <i>et al.</i> 2017</td></tr><tr><th>(UFRN-fungos 2062)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe truncata</i> CBS482/50</th><td>EF421110</td><td>AF223167</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe tugrulii</i> IMG-7316</th><td>MG050105</td><td>MG050111</td><td>United States</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodocybe tugrulii</i> KATO:Fungi:3340</th><td>NR_154436</td><td>NG060175</td><td>Türkiye</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodophana griseobrunnea</i> LUG 19799</th><td>MT580804</td><td>MT580803</td><td>France</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodophana nitellina</i> TU106939</th><td>UDB015654</td><td>–</td><td>Estonia</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodophana nitellina</i> TU106585</th><td>UDB011813</td><td>–</td><td>Estonia</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhodophana squamulosa</i> CAL:1262</th><td>KT180329</td><td>NG060152</td><td>India</td><td>Raj <i>et al.</i> 2016</td></tr></tbody></table>
Linked collectors and determiners for: Uncovering hidden diversity: phylogeny and taxonomy of Physoderinae (Reduviidae, Heteroptera), with emphasis on Physoderes Westwood in the Oriental and Australasian regions.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Uncovering hidden diversity: phylogeny and taxonomy of Physoderinae (Reduviidae, Heteroptera), with emphasis on Physoderes Westwood in the Oriental and Australasian regions". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/5449e1a8-d793-4d90-9b61-1c66964b3af3">https://bionomia.net/dataset/5449e1a8-d793-4d90-9b61-1c66964b3af3</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/5449e1a8-d793-4d90-9b61-1c66964b3af3">https://gbif.org/dataset/5449e1a8-d793-4d90-9b61-1c66964b3af3</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Revision and Phylogeny of the Eccritotarsine Plant Bug Genus Caulotops Bergroth, with Descriptions of Four New Genera and 14 New Species (Hemiptera Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae) Associated with Agave (Agavoideae Asparagaceae) and Related Plant Genera.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Revision and Phylogeny of the Eccritotarsine Plant Bug Genus Caulotops Bergroth, with Descriptions of Four New Genera and 14 New Species (Hemiptera Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae) Associated with Agave (Agavoideae Asparagaceae) and Related Plant Genera". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/be5e4bdb-a5e2-48f0-bc0c-3c27ddb7a1cf">https://bionomia.net/dataset/be5e4bdb-a5e2-48f0-bc0c-3c27ddb7a1cf</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/be5e4bdb-a5e2-48f0-bc0c-3c27ddb7a1cf">https://gbif.org/dataset/be5e4bdb-a5e2-48f0-bc0c-3c27ddb7a1cf</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: The South African genus Lepthercus Purcell, 1902 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) phylogeny and taxonomy.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The South African genus Lepthercus Purcell, 1902 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) phylogeny and taxonomy". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/fe76f860-39b1-4520-a13c-d01a47dfc130">https://bionomia.net/dataset/fe76f860-39b1-4520-a13c-d01a47dfc130</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/fe76f860-39b1-4520-a13c-d01a47dfc130">https://gbif.org/dataset/fe76f860-39b1-4520-a13c-d01a47dfc130</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Revision, phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Apodrosus Marshall, 1922 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Revision, phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Apodrosus Marshall, 1922 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/c66fc524-9b16-4e5b-9e11-0049f89225ef">https://bionomia.net/dataset/c66fc524-9b16-4e5b-9e11-0049f89225ef</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/c66fc524-9b16-4e5b-9e11-0049f89225ef">https://gbif.org/dataset/c66fc524-9b16-4e5b-9e11-0049f89225ef</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Preliminary molecular phylogeny of beetle cockroaches (Diploptera) and notes on male and female genitalia (Blattodea: Blaberidae: Diplopterinae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Preliminary molecular phylogeny of beetle cockroaches (Diploptera) and notes on male and female genitalia (Blattodea: Blaberidae: Diplopterinae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/bd02e3c5-6920-4592-968d-2ffdb424dace">https://bionomia.net/dataset/bd02e3c5-6920-4592-968d-2ffdb424dace</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/bd02e3c5-6920-4592-968d-2ffdb424dace">https://gbif.org/dataset/bd02e3c5-6920-4592-968d-2ffdb424dace</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.