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Supplemental material to 'The ratio of shear to elastic modulus of in-plane loaded masonry'
<p>This repository provides you with the files used to reproduce the content of the article:</p> <blockquote> <p>B.V. Wilding, M. Godio & K. Beyer (2020). The ratio of shear to elastic modulus of in-plane loaded masonry. Materials and Structures. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-01464-1</p> </blockquote>
Representative Western blots showing the ratio of total expression of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated proteins involved in insulin signaling pathway in the red gastrocnemius muscle in control and HFD groups after chronic CBD treatment.
<p>Representative Western blots showing the ratio of total expression of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated proteins involved in insulin signaling pathway e.g., phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1/insulin receptor substrate 1 - pIRS-1/IRS-1 (A), phosphorylated protein kinase B/protein kinase B - pAkt/Akt (B), phosphorylated AS160 protein/AS160 protein – pAS160/AS160 (C) and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3/glycogen synthase kinase 3 - pGSK-3/GSK-3 (D) in the red gastrocnemius muscle in control and HFD groups after chronic CBD treatment. The total expressions of the above proteins were presented as a percentage difference compared to the control group, which was set as 100%. The data are expressed as mean values ± SD, n = 6 in each group. ap < 0.05 significant difference: control group vs. examined group; bp < 0.05 significant difference: HFD vs. HFD+CBD.</p>
Data from: The intake pattern and feed preference of layer hens selected for high or low feed conversion ratio
Feed accounts for the greatest proportion of laying hen egg production costs and there is substantial variation in feed to egg conversion (FCR) efficiency between individual hens. Despite this understanding, there is a paucity of information regarding layer hen feeding behaviour, diet selection and its impact on feed efficiency. It was hypothesised that variation in feed to egg conversion efficiency between hens may be influenced by feeding behaviour. For this experiment, two 35- bird groups of ISA Brown layers were selected from 450 individually caged hens at 25-30 weeks of age for either low feed conversion ratio FCR < 1.8 ± 0.02 (high feed efficiency (HFE))) or high FCR >2.1 ± 0.02 (low feed efficiency (LFE)). For each of these 70 hens, intake of an ad-libitum mash diet at 2-minute time intervals, 24 h a day, for 7 days was determined alongside behavioural assessment and estimation of the selection of components of thethis mash. The group selected for HFE had a lower feed intake, similar egg mass and associated lower FCR when compared with the LFE group. Whilst feed intake patterns were similar between HFE and LFE hens, there was a distinct intake pattern for all layer hens with intake rate increasing from 0300 to 1700 h with a sharp decline to 22002100 h. High feed efficiencyFE hens selected a diet with 25% more ash and 4% less gross energy than LFE hens. The LFE hens also spent more time eating with more walking events, but less time spent resting, drinking, preening and cage pecking events as compared with HFE hens. In summary, there was no contrasting diurnal pattern of feed consumption behaviour between the groups ranked on feed efficiency, howeverIn summary, high feed efficiency hens consumed less feed and selected a diet with greater ash content and lower gross energy as compared with LFE hens. Our work is now focused on individual hen diet selection from mash diets with an aim of formulating precision, targeted diets for greater feed efficiency.
Data from: Sex ratio variation shapes the ecological effects of a globally introduced freshwater fish
Sex ratio and sexual dimorphism have long been of interest in population and evolutionary ecology, but consequences for communities and ecosystems remain untested. Sex ratio could influence ecological conditions whenever sexual dimorphism is associated with ecological dimorphism in species with strong ecological interactions. We tested for ecological implications of sex ratio variation in the sexually dimorphic western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis. This species causes strong pelagic trophic cascades and exhibits substantial variation in adult sex ratios. We found that female-biased populations induced stronger pelagic trophic cascades compared with male-biased populations, causing larger changes to key community and ecosystem responses, including zooplankton abundance, phytoplankton abundance, productivity, pH and temperature. The magnitude of such effects indicates that sex ratio is important for mediating the ecological role of mosquitofish. Because both sex ratio variation and sexual dimorphism are common features of natural populations, our findings should encourage broader consideration of the ecological significance of sex ratio variation in nature, including the relative contributions of various sexually dimorphic traits to these effects.
Data from: Superparasitism drives heritable symbiont epidemiology and host sex ratio in a wasp
Heritable microbial symbionts have profound impacts upon the biology of their arthropod hosts. Whilst our current understanding of the dynamics of these symbionts is typically cast within a framework of vertical transmission only, horizontal transmission has been observed in a number of cases. For instance, several symbionts can transmit horizontally when their parasitoid hosts share oviposition patches with uninfected conspecifics, a phenomenon called superparasitism. Despite this, horizontal transmission, and the host contact structures that facilitates it, have not been considered in heritable symbiont epidemiology. Here, we tested for the importance of host contact, and resulting horizontal transmission, for the epidemiology of a male-killing heritable symbiont (Arsenophonus nasoniae) in parasitoid wasp hosts. We observed that host contact through superparasitism is necessary for this symbiont's spread in populations of its primary host Nasonia vitripennis, such that when superparasitism rates are high, A. nasoniae almost reaches fixation, causes highly female biased population sex ratios and consequently causes local host extinction. We further tested if natural interspecific variation in superparasitism behaviours predicted symbiont dynamics among parasitoid species. We found that A. nasoniae was maintained in laboratory populations of a closely related set of Nasonia species, but declined in other, more distantly related pteromalid hosts. The natural proclivity of a species to superparasitise was the primary factor determining symbiont persistence. Our results thus indicate that host contact behaviour is a key factor for heritable microbe dynamics when horizontal transmission is possible, and that 'reproductive parasite' phenotypes, such as male-killing, may be of secondary importance in the dynamics of such symbiont infections.
Data from: Low second-to-fourth digit ratio predicts indiscriminate social suspicion, not improved trustworthiness detection
Testosterone administration appears to make individuals less trusting, and this effect has been interpreted as an adaptive adjustment of social suspicion, that improved the accuracy of trusting decisions. Here, we consider another possibility, namely that testosterone increases the subjective cost of being duped, decreasing the propensity to trust without improving the accuracy of trusting decisions. In line with this hypothesis, we show that second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D : 4D, a proxy for effects of testosterone in the foetus) correlates with the propensity to trust, but not with the accuracy of trusting decisions. Trust game players (n = 144) trusted less when they had lower 2D : 4D (high prenatal testosterone), but their ability to detect the strategy of other players was constant (and better than chance) across all levels of digit ratio. Our results suggest that early prenatal organizing effects of testosterone in the foetus might impair rather than boost economic outcomes, by promoting indiscriminate social suspicion.
Dataset of crustal thickness (H) and Vp/Vs ratio (k) in central Tienshan
<p>More details can be referred to the article "Cui Qinghui, Zhou Yuanze, Li Jiangtao, Song Xiaodong, Gao Yuan, Cui Ran. 2022. Crustal thickness (H) and Vp/Vs ratio (κ) images beneath the central Tien Shan revealed by the H-κ-c method. Tectonophysics. 822: 229157, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2021.229157."</p>
Data and code for lower bound of rare species ratio of European freshwater macroinvertebrates
<p><span>The phrase "Rare species are common" is widely recognized, but quantifying how common rare species are—specifically, their ratio—remains an area requiring further exploration. In this study, we present an analysis using community data of European freshwater macroinvertebrates to establish a lower bound for the ratio of rare species. By leveraging the Hill numbers framework, where "q = 0" estimates the total number of rare and <a name="_Hlk168861522"></a>common species and "q = 1" estimates the number of common species, we calculated the lower bound of the rare species ratio as 1 - (the ratio of common species number to the observed species richness). Our analysis included data from 19,649 communities (site-year pairs) with species counts exceeding three, yielding an average rare species ratio of 67.75%, with the 10th and 90th percentiles being 47.16% and 85.33%, respectively. Recognizing that community surveys often underrepresent rare species, we acknowledge that the observed species count is an underestimate of the total species richness. Consequently, we stress that our calculated ratio is a lower bound, indicating that rare species are likely even more common than our findings suggest.</span></p>
Figure 1 in Sex ratio, oocyte development and spawning season of Mediterranean moray eel (Muraena helena) from the northern coast of Tunisia
Figure 1. – Muraena helena sampling area.
Figure 2 in Carbon-to-chlorophyll-a ratio in the phytoplankton of the Black Sea surface layer: variability and regulatory factors
Figure 2. Location of sampling stations in 2
DATASET FOR STUDY: Test-retest reliability of belt-fixated dynamometer for assessing maximal knee strength, inter-limb asymmetries and hamstring-quadriceps ratios
<p>Evaluating maximal strength, inter-limb asymmetries, and the hamstring-to-quadriceps (HQ) ratio is essential for identifying strength deficits in athletes. This cross-sectional study assessed the test–retest (inter-visit) reliability of the EasyForce dynamometer for knee extension and flexion strength in 21 young healthy participants (11 women and 10 men; age = 19.4 ± 0.7 years). The dynamometer demonstrated excellent relative reliability, with ICC values of 0.99 for knee extension and 0.95–0.98 for knee flexion. Absolute reliability was also acceptable (typical error = 5.63–16.44 N; coefficient of variation = 3.94–6.80%). Reliability for inter-limb asymmetries (ICC = 0.90) and HQ ratios (ICC = 0.91–0.92) was good to excellent. Agreement for inter-limb asymmetry direction between visits was excellent for knee extension (κ = 0.90) and substantial for knee flexion (κ = 0.71). These findings suggest that EasyForce is reliable for assessing muscle strength, inter-limb asymmetries, and HQ ratios in physically active adults. Future research should explore the broader applicability of EasyForce in muscle strength assessment, particularly for professional athletes and during rehabilitation.</p>
Mast productivity, red-backed vole productivity and rate of increase, northern saw-whet owl rate of increase, and fisher harvest age ratios for central Ontario, 1994-2016
<p>Harvest management quotas for fishers (<i>Pekania pennanti</i>) in some jurisdictions are estimated from the previous year's harvest, and stem from the hypothesis that age ratios in the harvest are largely influenced by 'top-down' trapping pressure. The influence of 'bottom-up' food supply on fisher harvest age ratios might be underappreciated, which could result in a misallocation of quotas in management planning. We assessed a variety of data sources to test the influence of bottom-up processes on fisher populations in Ontario, Canada. We found evidence that bottom-up trophic effects influence the harvested fisher age structure in some regions of Ontario. Evidence also suggests that harvest pressure had little top-down influence on age ratios over the course of our study, and that basing management strategies on this assumption may lead to unintentional overharvest in years of low productivity. We suggest several trophic linkages with potential to facilitate fisher management, including connections among berry and seed crops, small mammals, and Northern saw-whet owls (<i>Aegolius acadicus</i>).</p>
Images of Construction and Demolition Waste Consting of Brick and Sand-lime Brick Transported on a Conveyor Belt - Recording with a Mass Flow of 15 g per s and a Mixing Ratio of 25 vs. 75 %
<p>This data set comprises images of bulk material of brick and sand-lime brick on a conveyor belt. The images were recorded on the small-scale optical belt sorter Tablesort. A thorough description of the system can be found in</p> <ul> <li><em>Georg Maier, Florian Pfaff, Christoph Pieper, Robin Gruna, Benjamin Noack, Harald Kruggel-Emden,Thomas Längle, Uwe D. Hanebeck, Jürgen Beyerer</em>, <strong>Experimental Evaluation of a Novel Sensor-Based Sorting Approach Featuring Predictive Real-Time Multiobject Tracking</strong>,Transactions on Industrial Electronics, February 2020.</li> <li>See also the <a href="https://www.iosb.fraunhofer.de/en/projects-and-products/insideschuettgut">project website</a>.</li> </ul> <p>This dataset is part of a batch of recordings of construction and demolition waste consisting of brick and sand-lime brick on optical sorters. Please use the search function with the keywords "Images of Construction and Demolition Waste" (in quotes) to find them. The data set was recorded with a Bonito CL-400C. Please see the debayer script on GitHub <a href="https://github.com/geomai/debayer_bonito">https://github.com/geomai/debayer_bonito</a>. The frame rate is approximately 192 Hz.</p> <p><br> To this date, publications that used this data include</p> <ul> <li><em>Marcel Reith-Braun, Albert Bauer, Maximilian Staab, Florian Pfaff, Georg Maier, Robin Gruna, Thomas Längle, Jürgen Beyerer, Harald Kruggel-Emden and Uwe D. Hanebeck</em>, <strong>GridSort: Image-based Optical Bulk Material Sorting Using Convolutional LSTMs</strong>, 22nd IFAC World Congress, Yokohama, Japan, July 2023.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Acknowledgment</strong><br> The IGF project 20354 N of the research association Forschungs-Gesellschaft Verfahrens-Technik e.V. (GVT) was supported via the AiF in a program to promote the Industrial Community Research and Development (IGF) by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action on the basis of a resolution of the German Bundestag.</p>
Determination of the RANKL/Osteoprotegerin Ratio in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Role in Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Calcification
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02799173. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Cut-off Values of Muscle Thickness Ratio for Sarcopenia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03993405. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Diameters and Wall-to-lumen Ratio of Retinal Arterioles in Patients With Retinal Vein Occlusion.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01789437. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
FSH/LH Ratio as a Predictor of IVF Outcome in Young and Older Women
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02674178. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Relation Between Muscle Mass, Total Body Fat, Visceral Fat, Waist Hip Ratio and Sleeping Hours in Patient With Nonspecific Back Pain
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06475092. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Visceral Adiposity Index and Triglyceride/High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio in the Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Effect of Testosteron Treatment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02111434. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
NC/TMD Ratio As a Difficult Airway Predictor in Obese Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05735106. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.