Find research datasets worth reusing

Data from: Consistent seasonal flexibility of the gut and its regions across wild populations of a winter-quiescent fish

Here, we investigated phenotypic flexibility in the size of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract across three northern populations of a winter-dormant warm-water fish, pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus). The dried masses of all gut regions (stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine) were measured approximately biweekly between January and August 2021. In all populations, pumpkinseed exhibited pronounced structural flexibility in the GI tract, aligned with winter and the timing of reproduction. The dry mass of the GI increased by 1.3- to nearly 2.5-fold in the early spring. The pyloric caeca demonstrated the greatest capacity for flexibility, increasing by up to 3.7-fold prior to reproduction. In all populations, minimum dry GI mass was consistently achieved during winter and mid-summer. This capacity for gut flexibility may represent a novel mechanism for facilitating rapid adaptive responses (e.g., metabolic plasticity) to future environmental change.

Data from: thyroid hormone concentrations in female baboons: metabolic consequences of living in a highly seasonal environment

How female mammals adapt metabolically in response to environmental variation remains understudied in the wild, because direct measures of metabolic activity are difficult to obtain in wild populations. However, recent advances in the non-invasive measurement of fecal thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3), an important regulator of metabolism, provide an opportunity to understand how female baboons living in the harsh Amboseli ecosystem in southern Kenya adapt to environmental variability and escape strict reproductive seasonality. Specifically, we assessed how a female's activity budget, diet, and concentrations of fecal T3 metabolites (mT3) changed over the course of the year and between years. We then tested which of several environmental variables (season, rainfall, and temperature) and behavioral variables (female activity budget and diet) best predicted mT3 concentrations. Finally, we determined if two important reproductive events – onset of ovarian cycling and conception of an offspring – were preceded by changes in female mT3 concentrations. We found female baboons' mT3 concentrations varied markedly across the year and between years as a function of environmental conditions. Further, changes in a female's behavior and diet only partially mediated the metabolic response to the environment. Finally, mT3 concentrations increased in the weeks prior to menarche and cycling resumption, regardless of the month or season in which cycling started. This pattern indicates that metabolic activation may be an indicator of reproductive readiness in female baboons as their energy balance is restored.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2013View details →

Fig. 1. Tick species and the total monthly tick numbers collected during the 5 in Seasonal variations in ixodid tick populations on a commercial game farm in the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Fig. 1. Tick species and the total monthly tick numbers collected during the 5-year study period.

Fig. 4 in Seasonal Variation (Winter Vs. Summer) Crustacean Fauna Of The Oualidia Lagoon, Morocco

Fig. 4. Canonical correspondence analysis plots: A — winter; B — summer.

Fig. 1 in Seasonal Variation (Winter Vs. Summer) Crustacean Fauna Of The Oualidia Lagoon, Morocco

Fig. 1. Location map of the study area and sampling sites in the Oualidia lagoon.

Analysis of the occurrence of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in the winter season on the southwestern islands of Japan using the insect's strontium radiogenic isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr)

Spodoptera frugiperda, an invasive pest insect that targets maize and other crops, first arrived in Japan in the summer of 2019. This species occurs year-round in East Asian subtropical regions such as southern mainland China and the island of Taiwan, where the mean air temperature in the coldest month is above 10°C. Adults are similarly found throughout the year on the southwestern islands of Japan. Trap monitoring there showed continuous or intermittent S. frugiperda catches in the 3 winter seasons since 2019. However, it was difficult to distinguish between immigrants arriving from these neighboring areas and local individuals occurring on each Japanese island. In this study, the possible natal origin of captured insects on 5 small islands (Yonagunijima, Taramajima, Okinawajima, Amamioshima, and Tanegashima) was determined by investigating the strontium radiogenic isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) and comparing them with those of reference hosts and insects. Since trapping data and the 87Sr/86Sr values of trapped insects didn't support S. frugiperda's winter breeding on the northernmost island, Tanegashima, further analysis was limited to the 4 southern islands. The 87Sr/86Sr values of reference host plants and reared insects on the 4 islands ranged from 0.70929 to 0.71009, while those of catch insects ranged from 0.70885 to 0.71090. The 87Sr/86Sr values of the catch insects and the reference on the 4 islands did not differ significantly. In addition, the monthly averages of daily mean air temperature in January and February 2020–2022 were above 10°C, and the wind direction at the surface was mostly from the northeast or northwest. These pieces of evidence, together with winter host availability, suggested that S. frugiperda occurs year-round on the islands. In other words, the year-round occurrence area of S. frugiperda in East Asia extends to the Japanese southwestern islands below Amamioshima Island.

Avian diversity study (water birds) of Kamarganti Bheries, Haroa, North 24 parganas, West Bengal, India during winter season

The Nature Mates Nature Club has released a dataset entitled "Avian diversity study (water birds) of Kamarganti Bheries, Haroa, North 24 parganas, West Bengal, India during winter season"  Bheries are the type of fisheries generally practiced in low land impounded with earthen embankments all round. The age-old bheri-culture has emerged in North 24 Parganas District in its south and eastern skirts centering the lower course of the Bidyadhari River. Salinity in bheri-water is sourced from brackish sea-water entered through rivers and canals.. The district has 22 community development (CD) blocks, though brackish water bheri fishery is usually found to exist in its 13 blocks in the south and eastern skirts. This dataset is concerned with one such area, Kamarganti,Haroa,North 24 Parganas. A list of all the birds identified during a biodiversity survey carried out in the year 2023 is included in the dataset. During the survey Red Necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus)  was recorded which is a very rare bird in West Bengal. Species or genus-level identifications have been made for every species. There are 42 bird  species total, with records of them in 16 different families and 10 different orders. This study can give a future scope in understanding how bheries affect the biodiversity of an area. Resource Contacts Name: Arjan Basu Roy Position: Secretary Organization: Nature Mates-Nature Club Address: 6/7 Bijoygarh Kolkata-700032 Email: basuroyarjan@gmail.com Orcid :<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9872-3562"> https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9872-3562</a> Home page:<a href="http://www.naturematesindia.org/"> http://www.naturematesindia.org/</a>   Name: Lina Chatterjee Position: Research Associate Organization: Nature Mates-Nature Club Address: 6/7 Bijoygarh Kolkata-700032 Email: lina.linachatterjee@gmail.com Orcid :<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5046"> https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5046</a> Home page:<a href="http://www.naturematesindia.org/"> http://www.naturematesindia.org/</a> Name: Tarak Samanta Position: Research Associate Organization: Nature Mates-Nature Club Address: 6/7 Bijoygarh Kolkata-700032 Email: taraksamanta995@gmail.com Orcid :<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6809-0549"> https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6809-0549</a> Home page:<a href="http://www.naturematesindia.org/"> http://www.naturematesindia.org/</a>   Name: Nivedita Sengupta Position: Intern Organization: Nature Mates-Nature Club Address: 6/7 Bijoygarh Kolkata-700032 Email: niveditasngpta.ns@gmail.com Orcid :<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-7385"> https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-7385</a> Home page:<a href="http://www.naturematesindia.org/"> http://www.naturematesindia.org/</a>   Name: Vijay Barve Position: Research Advisor Organization: Nature Mates-Nature Club Address: 6/7 Bijoygarh Kolkata-700032 Email: vijay.barve@gmail.com Orcid :<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4852-2567"> https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4852-2567</a> Home page:<a href="http://www.naturematesindia.org/"> http://www.naturematesindia.org/</a>

Data from: Temperature has an overriding role compared to photoperiod in regulating the seasonal timing of winter moth egg hatching

To accurately predict species' phenology under climate change, we need to gain a detailed mechanistic understanding of how different environmental cues interact to produce the seasonal timing response. In the winter moth (Operophtera brumata), seasonal timing of egg hatching is strongly affected by ambient temperature and has been under strong climate change-induced selection over the past 25 years. However, it is unclear whether photoperiod received at the egg stage also influences timing of egg hatching. Here, we investigated the relative contribution of photoperiod and temperature in regulating winter moth egg development using two split-brood experiments. We experimentally shifted the photoperiod eggs received by 2-4 weeks compared to the actual calendar date and measured the timing of egg hatching, both at a constant temperature and in combination with two naturally changing temperature treatments – mimicking a cold and a warm year. We found an eight-fold larger effect of temperature compared to photoperiod on egg development time. Moreover, the very small photoperiod effects we found were outweighed by both between- and within-clutch variation in egg development time. Thus, we conclude that photoperiod received at the egg stage does likely not play a substantial role in regulating the seasonal timing of egg hatching in the winter moth. These insights into the regulatory mechanism of seasonal timing could have important implications for predicting insect climate change adaptation, as we might expect different targets of selection depending on the relative contribution of different environmental cues.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Data and scripts for: Airborne DNA reveals predictable spatial and seasonal dynamics of fungi

Fungi are among the most diverse and ecologically important kingdoms of life. However, the distributional ranges of fungi remain largely unknown, as do the ecological mechanisms that shape their distributions. To provide an integrated view of the spatial and seasonal dynamics of fungi, we implemented a globally distributed standardised aerial sampling of fungal spores. The vast majority of OTUs were detected only within one climatic zone, and the spatio-temporal patterns of species richness and community composition were mostly explained by annual mean air temperature. Tropical regions hosted the highest fungal diversity except for lichenized, ericoid mycorrhizal, and ectomycorrhizal fungi, which reached their peak diversity in temperate regions. The sensitivity in climatic responses was associated with phylogenetic relatedness, suggesting that large-scale distributions of some fungal groups are partially constrained by their ancestral niche. There was a strong phylogenetic signal in seasonal sensitivity, suggesting that some groups of fungi have retained their ancestral trait of sporulating only for a short period. Overall, our results show that the hyperdiverse kingdom of fungi follows globally highly predictable spatial and temporal dynamics, with seasonality in both species richness and community composition increasing with latitude. Our study reports patterns resembling those described for other major groups of organisms, thus making a major contribution to the long-standing debate on whether organisms with microbial lifestyles follow the global biodiversity paradigms known for macro-organisms. The analyses presented in the paper can be reproduced with the R-script pipeline provided here. The starting point for the scripts is the datafile allData.RData that was published originally by Ovaskainen et al. Data from: Global Spore Sampling Project: A global standardized dataset of airborne fungal DNA. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435615 (2024). The datafile allData.RData is provided also here for convenience, and it includes the following three objects: metadata, taxonomy, and otu.table (see Ovaskainen et al. for details). The script pipeline consists of the following elements (for deltails, see the Methods of the paper): <ul> <li>Scripts S01: data preparation <ul> <li>S01.1_download_clim_data.R. This script downloads daily climatic data for the entire world.</li> <li>S01.2_select_and_preprocess_clim_data.R. This script selects the data relevant for the study locations and preprocesses it.</li> <li>S01.3_add_climatic_data_to_metadata.R. This script adds the preprocessed climatic data to the metadata.</li> <li>S01.4_otu_guild_assignment.R. This script performs the guild assignment to the OTUs. It utilizes the datafiles Fung_LifeStyle_Data.RDS and funguild_db.rds provided here, and it utilizes the taxonomy of ProtaxFungi provided by Ovaskainen et al. Data from: Global Spore Sampling Project: A global standardized dataset of airborne fungal DNA. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10435615 (2024). Note that while the paper presents analyses and results only for the trait database of Aguilar-Trugueros et al., the scipts repeat the trait analyses also for the FunGuild database. The reason for not showing the results for the FunGuild database in the paper was that the database of Aguilar-Trugueros et al. contains FunGuild as one of the data sources, and that the results were highly coherent between the two databases.</li> <li>S01.5_add_trait_data_to_taxonomy_and_metadata.R. This script adds the guild data and spore size data to taxonomy (taxon-specific traits) as well as to metadata (community-weighted mean traits). It utilizes the datafile Spore_data_12Nov21.RDS provided here. This script can also be used to generated simulated contamination to the OTU table by setting contaminate=TRUE.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Scripts S02: exploratory analyses <ul> <li>S02.1_show_descriptive_statistics.R. This script outputs basic desriptive statistics from the data.</li> <li>S02.2_make_study_design_maps.R. This script plots the study design map shown in the paper.</li> <li>S02.3_compute_site_and_biome_profiles.R. This script computes site_profiles (needed in ordinations) and biome_profiles (needed to create Venn diagrams).</li> <li>S02.4_make_venns.R. This script produces Venn diagrams.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Scripts S03: ordination analyses <ul> <li>S03.1_make_ordination_maps.R. This script makes the ordination analyses.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Scripts S04: univariate analyses <ul> <li>S04.1_conceptualize_univariate_models.R. This script produces a figure that illustrates conceptually the differenent model variants. </li> <li>S04.2_make_univariate_analysis.R. This script implements the univariate analyses.</li> <li>S04.3_show_univariate_results.R. This script summarizes the results of the univariate analyses by producing tables of AIC and R2.</li> <li>S04.4_plot_univariate_results.R. This script plots the univariate models.</li> <li>S04.5_compute_temporal_turnover.R. This script computes site-specific indices of temporal turnover.</li> <li>S04.6_show_temporal_turnover.R. This script generates a plot illustrating temporal turnover.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Scripts S05: Hmsc analyses <ul> <li>S05.1_define_Hmsc_models.R. This script defines the Hmsc models. It utilizes the R-function as.phylo.formula provided here.</li> <li>S05.2_export_Hmsc_models_for_fitting.R. This script exports the unfitted Hmsc-models for fitting with Hmsc-HPC that operates on python/tensorflow.</li> <li>S05.3_import_fitted_Hmsc_models.R. This script imports the fitted Hmsc-models back to Hmsc-R.</li> <li>S05.4_postprocess_Hmsc_results.R. This script postprocesses the results of the fitted Hmsc model.</li> <li>S05.5_show_Hmsc_results.R. This script generates a plot that illustrates the postprocessed results.</li> </ul> </li> </ul>

Data from: Biomass yield, yield components and growing season phenotypic measurements of Miscanthus

For sustainable biomass production of Miscanthus × giganteus (hereafter miscanthus), understanding the impact of stand age and nitrogen (N) fertilization on biomass yield is crucial. This study investigated the effects of varying N fertilization rates (0, 56, 112, and 168 kg N ha-1) on yield components (tiller height, density, and weight) and their correlations with end-of-season biomass yield in miscanthus. We also explored end-of-season biomass yield prediction using in-season traits (canopy height, leaf area index (LAI), and leaf chlorophyll content (LCC)). The study was conducted at two sites in Illinois: a previously unfertilized 10-year-old miscanthus research stand at Urbana and a 16-year-old commercial stand at Pesotum with a history of annual 56N application. Results from 2018-2021 in Urbana and 2020-2021 in Pesotum showed increased biomass yields with N fertilization, varying by rate, year, and location. Biomass yield in Pesotum peaked at 56N, while in Urbana, it increased significantly at 112 kg N ha-1. Biomass yield was strongly correlated with tiller height and weight measured at Urbana across N rates. Morphological traits measured every 2-3 weeks during the 2020 and 2021 growing seasons showed that canopy height was the strongest single predictor of miscanthus biomass yield, followed by LCC. Mid-August to September measurements of these traits were the best predictors of biomass yield. Multiple regressions involving the canopy height and LCC further improved yield predictions. We conclude that while N enhances biomass yields of aging miscanthus, the optimum rate depends on the site, environmental conditions, and management.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

The Seasonal Variability in the Semidiurnal Internal Tide; A Comparison between Sea Surface Height and Energetics

This dataset contains data from global HYCOM simulations with realistic atmospheric and tidal forcings. The horizontal resolution is 8 km. Data is stored as netcdf4 classic.

Trade-offs in habitat use and occupancy of bats across the gradient of urbanization and seasons

Urbanization, occurring across a gradient from low- to high-density development, is a primary driver of landscape change that can affect biodiversity. Animals balance trade-offs in obtaining resources and avoiding anthropogenic disturbances across the gradient of urbanization to maximize their fitness. However, additional research is necessary to understand seasonal variations in how animals respond to urbanization, particularly in arid regions, where resource availability shifts drastically across seasons. Our objective was to evaluate the response of a suite of bat species to urbanization and whether species shift their response to urbanization across seasons. We predicted that the response of bats to urbanization would differ among species, with some species being more sensitive to urbanization than others. We also predicted that bat species would increase use of moderate and highly urbanized areas in the summer season, where food and water resources were assumed to be greater compared to wildland areas. To evaluate these predictions, we used a stratified random sampling design to sample 50 sites with stationary acoustic bat monitors across the gradient of urbanization in the Phoenix metropolitan area, Arizona, USA during four seasons. We identified a total of 14 bat species during 1000 survey nights. Consistent with predictions, bat species exhibited different responses to urbanization, with most species exhibiting a negative relationship with urbanization, and some species exhibiting a quadratic or positive relationship with urbanization. Counter to predictions, most species did not appear to shift their response to urbanization across seasons. Differences in the response of bat species to urbanization was likely related to species traits (e.g., wing morphology and echolocation call characteristics) and behavioral strategies that influence a species' susceptibility to anthropogenic disturbances and ability to access available resources in urbanized areas. Consistent with predications, plant productivity and water were important for some species in the summer season. Ultimately, to promote the management and conservation of bats, it is likely important to maintain resources in urbanized areas for bats that are more tolerant of urbanization and to conserve areas of undeveloped high-quality habitat with low anthropogenic disturbance in wildland areas for bats that are sensitive to urbanization.

Boldness suppresses hoarding behavior in food hoarding season and reduces over-wintering survival in a social rodent

The "pace-of-life" syndrome (POLS) framework can encompass multiple personality axes that drive important functional behaviours (e.g., foraging behaviour) and that co-vary with multiple life history traits. Food hoarding is an adaptive behaviour important for an animal's adaptation to seasonal fluctuations in food availability. However, the empirical evidence for the relationships between animal personality and hoarding behaviour remains unclear, including its fitness consequences in the POLS framework. In this study, the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), a social rodent, was used as a model system to investigate how boldness or shyness is associated with food hoarding strategies in the food hoarding season and overwinter survival or reproduction at individual and group levels. The results of this study showed that compared to shy gerbils, bold gerbils had a lower effort foraging strategy during the food hoarding season and exhibited lower overwinter survival, but bold–shy personality differences had no effect on overwinter reproduction. These findings suggest that the personality of the animal is a key factor that affects the foraging strategy during the food hoarding season in Mongolian gerbils. Personality may be related to energy states or the reaction to environmental change (e.g., predation risk, food availability) in bold or shy social animals. These results reflect animal life history trade-offs between "current versus future reproduction" and "reproduction versus self-maintenance", thereby helping Mongolian gerbils adapt to seasonal fluctuations in their living environment.

Seasonality in functional connectivity: A case study with the American marten in Forillon National Park

Protected areas are essential tools for reducing global biodiversity loss. To fulfill their ecological functions, protected areas must be connected to their surroundings, a requirement that is difficult to meet in landscapes intensively disturbed by anthropogenic activities. Therefore, protecting movement corridors at the edges of protected areas is crucial, especially for species with broad habitat needs, such as the American marten (Martes americana). However, habitat selection and space use patterns are dynamic processes, so we could expect that functional connectivity would vary temporally in response to changing environmental conditions and levels of human activities. In this study, we aimed to predict the location of movement corridors for the American marten in Forillon National Park and its periphery during two contrasted periods (snow-free: May–November; snow-covered: December–April). We used "seasonal" resource selection functions to identify core areas (interpreted as circuit "nodes") and CircuitScape to delineate movement corridors between them based on the electrical circuit theory. Habitat selection patterns differed between periods, with martens avoiding open areas, high elevations, and road proximity during the snow-free period, while avoiding areas closer to secondary roads but selecting areas closer to primary roads and housing structures during the snow-covered period. Consequently, the location of movement corridors differed partially between periods; functional connectivity was favored by the presence of forest patches for both periods, while being constrained by open environments, especially during the snow-free period. Our study highlights the importance of modeling functional connectivity at fine temporal scales to provide movement corridors that fulfill the requirements of a species at each period of its annual cycle.

Phenotypic plasticity in tropical butterflies is linked to climatic seasonality on a macroevolutionary scale

Phenotypic plasticity can be adaptive in fluctuating environments by providing rapid environment-phenotype matching and this applies particularly in seasonal environments. African Bicyclus butterflies have repeatedly colonized seasonal savannahs from ancestral forests around the Late Miocene and many species now exhibit seasonal polyphenism. On a macroevolutionary scale, it can be expected that savannah species will exhibit higher plasticity due to them experiencing stronger environmental seasonality than forest species. We quantified seasonality using environmental niche modelling, and surveyed the degree of plasticity in a key wing pattern element (eyespot size) using museum specimens. We show that species occurring in highly seasonal environments display strong plasticity, while species in less seasonal or aseasonal environments exhibit surprisingly variable degrees of plasticity, including strong to no plasticity. Furthermore, eyespot size plasticity has a moderate phylogenetic signal and the ancestral Bicyclus likely exhibited some degree of plasticity. We propose hypotheses to explain the range of plasticity patterns seen in less seasonal environments, and generate testable predictions for the evolution of plasticity in Bicyclus. Our study provides one of the most compelling cases showing links between seasonality and phenotypic plasticity on a macroevolutionary scale and the potential role of plasticity in facilitating the colonization of novel environments.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

CESM2 Mechanically Decoupled (MD) for "Summer westerly wind intensification weakens Southern Ocean seasonal cycle under global warming" - submitted to Geophysical Research Letters

CESM2 Experiment names: <ul> <li>MD = mechanically decoupled model (referred to as MD in paper)</li> <li>FC = fully coupled model (referred to as FC in paper)</li> </ul> Decoding file names: <ul> <li>ensmean refers to ensemble mean</li> <li>trend refers to linear trend over 1950-2014</li> </ul> Variables: <ul> <li>SST = sea surface temperature</li> <li>HMXL = mixed layer depth</li> <li>WSPDSRFAV = horizontal total wind speed average at the surface</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Model Datafiles for Observed seasonal changes in Martian hydrogen chloride consistent with heterogeneous chemistry on atmospheric dust and ice

Datafiles produced by the 1-D photochemistry model used to create the publication "Observed seasonal changes in Martian hydrogen chloride consistent with heterogeneous chemistry on atmospheric dust and ice" - Taysum et al. 2024.   matching_orbits_v2.txt : Lists the orbital parameters and water vapour / aerosol file names corresponding to each of the 77 ACS MIR HCl observations that we study.   MCD_GlobaMaps.zip : .nc files containing model output where the model is ran at Longitude 0 degrees, across Ls 0 --> 360 in intervals of 30 degrees, and latitudes 60 S to 60 N in intervals of 15 degrees. <ul> <li>LowTau : model runs with the chlorine heterogeneous chemistry scheme active. <ul> <li>MY34/ : Runs driven with MY34 climatology from the MCDv6.1</li> <li>StandardClim/ : Runs driven with Standard Climatology from the MCDv6.</li> </ul> </li> <li>No_Chlorine : model runs with no chlorine tracers in the model chemistry. <ul> <li>MY34/ : Runs driven with MY34 climatology from the MCDv6.1</li> <li>StandardClim/ : Runs driven with Standard Climatology from the MCDv6.1</li> <li> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> ACS_Comparisons.zip : .nc files containing the model output for specific ACS MIR HCl observations in Mars Year 34. <ul> <li>LowTau : model runs with the chlorine heterogeneous chemistry scheme active. <ul> <li>MY34/ : Runs driven with MY34 climatology from the MCDv6.1</li> <li>StandardClim/ : Runs driven with Standard Climatology from the MCDv6.1</li> <li>TGO/ : Runs driven with MY34 climatology, and TGO measured water ice, dust, and H2O vapor profiles, driven at the position of the ACS-TIRVIM aerosol retrievals corresponding to the approximately colocated ACS MIR HCl observation</li> </ul> </li> <li>No_Chlorine : model runs with no chlorine tracers in the model chemistry. <ul> <li>MY34/ : Runs driven with MY34 climatology from the MCDv6.1</li> <li>StandardClim/ : Runs driven with Standard Climatology from the MCDv6.1</li> <li>TGO/ : Runs driven with MY34 climatology, driven at the position of the ACS-TIRVIM aerosol retrievals corresponding to the approximately colocated ACS MIR HCl observation</li> </ul> </li> </ul>

Final products from "3D MODELING AS A CONSERVATION TOOL TO CHARACTERIZE ENDANGERED SEASONALLY FLOODED ECOSYSTEMS IN THE VOLTA GRANDE DO XINGU, AMAZON FOREST, PARÁ, BRAZIL"

In these .zip folders, you will find the products generated from flight missions carried out between November 7th to 14th, 2021, in the Volta Grande do Xingu, Pará, Brazil.  These results are presented as an integral part of the article titled '3D MODELING AS A CONSERVATION TOOL TO CHARACTERIZE ENDANGERED SEASONALLY FLOODED ECOSYSTEMS IN THE VOLTA GRANDE DO XINGU, AMAZON FOREST, PARÁ, BRAZIL' published on the doctoral thesis "Characterization and monitoring of the flooding dynamics and seasonally flooded environments of the Volta Grande do Xingu through remote sensing", available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.11606/T.106.2023.tde-02022024-211517">https://doi.org/10.11606/T.106.2023.tde-02022024-211517</a>. To understand the data processing methodology that led to these results, please refer to the thesis. Each folder represents a flight mission. They are named by date and flight number (DD_MM_YYYY_FLIGHT#). Within each folder, there are six files resulting from the processed flights: The georeferenced orthophoto and Digital Surface Model, which are raster files (.TIFs), the dense point cloud (.las), and the files composing the 3D Model generated by Agisoft Metashape (extensions .OBJ, .MTL, and .JPEG). The .OBJ file is the primary file for visualizing the model, including the three-dimensional mesh formed by the points of the point cloud and containing geometry, texture, and color information.  The .MTL file contains the material description associated with the OBJ file and includes information about the visual properties of the model, such as texture, reflections, and materials.  The .JPEG files are the texture images used on the Digital Surface Model to generate the 3D model. This information provides the model with its realistic properties. The .OBJ, .MTL and .JPEG files need to be together in the same folder for a complete 3D Model visualization (i.e., shape, color, and texture). When using this data, please cite Affonso, A. A. (2023). Caracterização e monitoramento da dinâmica de alagamento e dos ambientes sazonalmente alagáveis da Volta Grande do Xingu através de sensoriamento remoto. Tese de Doutorado, Instituto de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. doi:10.11606/T.106.2023.tde-02022024-211517. Recuperado em 2024-04-14, de www.teses.usp.br

Drought shortens subtropical understory growing season by advancing leaf senescence

Subtropical forests, recognized for their intricate vertical canopy stratification, exhibit high resistance to extreme drought. However, the response of leaf phenology to drought in the species-rich understory remains poorly understood. In this study, we constructed a digital camera system, amassing over 360,000 images through a 70% throughfall exclusion experiment, to explore the drought response of understory leaf phenology. The results revealed a significant advancement in understory leaf senescence phenology under drought, with 11.75 and 15.76 days for the start and end of the leaf-falling event, respectively. Pre-season temperature primarily regulated leaf development phenology, whereas soil water dominated the variability in leaf senescence phenology. Under drought conditions, temperature sensitivities for the end of leaf emergence decreased from -13.72 days ℃-1 to -11.06 days ℃-1, with insignificance observed for the start of leaf emergence. Consequently, drought treatment shortened both the length of the growing season (15.69 days) and the peak-growth season (9.80 days) for understory plants. Moreover, this study identified diverse responses among intra- and inter-species to drought, particularly during the leaf development phase. These findings underscore the pivotal role of water availability in shaping understory phenology patterns, especially in subtropical forests.

Data from: Carry-over effects of seasonal migration on reproductive success through breeding site retention in a partially migratory bird

Understanding the maintenance and dynamics of phenotypic polymorphisms requires unpicking key ecological mechanisms shaping the fitness costs and benefits of expressing alternative phenotypes, generating selection. Seasonal migration versus year-round residence expressed in partially migratory populations represents one common polymorphism that can experience strong selection through differential reproductive success. Yet, key hypothesised pathways that could generate such selection remain to be empirically tested. One hypothesis is that migratory tactics affect subsequent reproductive success through carry-over effects on breeding site retention and resulting breeding dispersal. By remaining in breeding areas all year round, residents could retain their preferred breeding site between years, and consequently have higher reproductive success. Conversely, migrants that escape harsh non-breeding season conditions could return in better condition, with high resource holding potential, and outcompete residents to retain their site. Such effects could further depend on migration timing and vary between years. Yet, such pathways have not been quantified, precluding empirical parameterisation of partial migration theory. We used four years of breeding and non-breeding season data from partially migratory European shags (Gulosus aristotelis) to test whether the three most frequent migratory tactics in this population (full resident, early migrant departing soon after breeding, and late migrant departing in late autumn) differed in their breeding site retention; whether site retention predicted reproductive success; and hence whether effects of migratory tactic on reproductive success were explicable through site retention. Overall, residents were much more likely to retain their breeding site between years than both early and late migrants, and site retention was associated with increased reproductive success. Yet, these effects varied somewhat among years: late migrants were always least likely to retain their site but had variable relative reproductive success. Path analyses revealed that effects of migratory tactic on reproductive success were only partly attributable to breeding site retention. These results indicate that multiple mechanisms underlie reproductive selection on migratory tactics, potentially contributing to maintaining behavioural polymorphisms. Yet, the clear associations between migratory tactics and local breeding dispersal reveal that these movements can be strongly interlinked across seasons, shaping overall spatio-seasonal dynamics in partially migratory systems.