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1,891 results for “Field data”
Electric-Field Catalysis on Carbon Nanotubes in Electromicrofluidic Reactors: Monoterpene Cyclizations: Original Data
<p>Original data underlying the publication. Data are assembled according to the supporting information.</p>
Raw data for anomalous Nernst effect based near field imaging of magnetic nanostructures
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Data for MS: Optimization of signal and noise in x-ray phase and dark field imaging with a wire mesh
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Data for "Quantum description of Fermi arcs in Weyl semimetals in a magnetic field"
<p>We provide the data used to produce Figures 3, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10 in our publication "Quantum description of Fermi arcs in Weyl semimetals in a magnetic field". Note that the files for Figures 8 and 9 contain the logarithm of the raw data. More details are available in the first line of each respective CSV file.</p>
Data from: Local fields in human subthalamic nucleus track the lead-up to impulsive choices
The ability to adaptively minimize not only motor but cognitive symptoms of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), is a primary goal of next-generation deep brain stimulation (DBS) devices. On the basis of studies demonstrating a link between beta-band synchronization and severity of motor symptoms in PD, the minimization of beta band activity has been proposed as a potential training target for closed-loop DBS. At present, no comparable signal is known for the impulsive side effects of PD, though multiple studies have implicated theta band activity within the subthalamic nucleus (STN), the site of DBS treatment, in processes of conflict monitoring and countermanding. Here, we address this challenge by recording from multiple independent channels within the STN in a self-paced decision task to test whether these signals carry information sufficient to predict stopping behavior on a trial-by-trial basis. As in previous studies, we found that local field potentials (LFPs) exhibited modulations preceding self-initiated movements, with power ramping across multiple frequencies during the deliberation period. In addition, signals showed phasic changes in power around the time of decision. However, a prospective model that attempted to use these signals to predict decision times showed effects of risk level did not improve with the addition of LFPs as regressors. These findings suggest information tracking the lead-up to impulsive choices is distributed across multiple frequency scales in STN, though current techniques may not possess sufficient signal-to-noise ratios to predict—and thus curb—impulsive behavior on a moment-to-moment basis.
Data from: Hysteretic dynamics of active particles in a periodic orienting field
Active motion of living organisms and artificial self-propelling particles has been an area of intense research at the interface of biology, chemistry and physics. Significant progress in understanding these phenomena has been related to the observation that dynamic self-organization in active systems has much in common with ordering in equilibrium condensed matter such as spontaneous magnetization in ferromagnets. The velocities of active particles may behave similar to magnetic dipoles and develop global alignment, although interactions between the individuals might be completely different. In this work, we show that the dynamics of active particles in external fields can also be described in a way that resembles equilibrium condensed matter. It follows simple general laws, which are independent of the microscopic details of the system. The dynamics is revealed through hysteresis of the mean velocity of active particles subjected to a periodic orienting field. The hysteresis is measured in computer simulations and experiments on unicellular organisms. We find that the ability of the particles to follow the field scales with the ratio of the field variation period to the particles' orientational relaxation time, which, in turn, is related to the particle self-propulsion power and the energy dissipation rate. The collective behaviour of the particles due to aligning interactions manifests itself at low frequencies via increased persistence of the swarm motion when compared with motion of an individual. By contrast, at high field frequencies, the active group fails to develop the alignment and tends to behave like a set of independent individuals even in the presence of interactions. We also report on asymptotic laws for the hysteretic dynamics of active particles, which resemble those in magnetic systems. The generality of the assumptions in the underlying model suggests that the observed laws might apply to a variety of dynamic phenomena from the motion of synthetic active particles to crowd or opinion dynamics.
Data from: Synthesis of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers with polydimethylsiloxane side chains and their application in organic field-effect transistors
Linear polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was investigated as a solubilizing group for π-conjugated polymers with the aim of combining high solubility in organic solvents with the molecular packing in solid films that is advantageous for charge transport. Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based copolymers with different contents and substitution patterns of the PDMS side chains were synthesized and evaluated for application in organic field-effect transistors. The PDMS side chains greatly increased the solubility of the polymers and led to shorter d-spacings of the π stacking in the thin films compared with polymers containing conventional branched alkyl side chains.
Data from: Sexual selection and population divergence II. divergence in different sexual traits and signal modalities in field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus)
Sexual selection can target many different types of traits. However, the relative influence of different sexually-selected traits during evolutionary divergence is poorly understood. We used the field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus to quantify and compare how five traits from each of three sexual signal modalities and components diverge among allopatric populations: male advertisement song, cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles and forewing morphology. Population divergence was unexpectedly consistent: we estimated the among-population (genetic) variance-covariance matrix, D, for all 15 traits, and Dmax explained nearly two-thirds of its variation. CHC and wing traits were most tightly integrated, whereas song varied more independently. We modelled the dependence of among-population trait divergence on genetic distance estimated from neutral markers to test for signatures of selection vs. neutral divergence. For all three sexual trait types, phenotypic variation among populations was largely explained by a neutral model of divergence. Our findings illustrate how phenotypic integration across different types of sexual traits might impose constraints on the evolution of mating isolation and divergence via sexual selection.
Data from: Genotypic covariance between the performance of a resident species and community assembly in the field
1.Genetic variation in resident species can influence the assembly and dynamics of communities, but the potential for these genetic effects to persist across generations is largely unresolved. In principle, persistent, directional changes in communities are only predicted when community properties covary genetically with the fitness of resident species. 2.Estimates of genetic covariance between the fitness of a resident species and its community are therefore necessary to 'close the eco-evolutionary loop' in studies of community genetics, but such estimates are rare. Emulating community genetics experiments in plants, we used clonal replicates of 21 genotypes of a resident species (the encrusting bryozoan, Hippopodina) to investigate the magnitude of genotypic variance contributing to assembly of a marine benthic community. 3.Genotypes explained up to 35% of variation in community assembly. Critically, the performance of Hippopodina genotypes covaried both with the evenness of communities, and with the abundances of some individual species, representing an indirect genetic effect that creates the potential for multigenerational interactions between Hippopodina and co-existing species. Our results suggest that different genotypes will associate with different community members consistently across generations, and such non-random associations can give rise to specialization. Further interactions between species other than Hippopodina itself may also be altered by effects of genetic variation in the focal species. 4.Furthermore, species in the community other than Hippopodina itself will interact more commonly in the presence of some genotypes over others. 5.Our results support the potential for genetic variation in one species to have deterministic effects on the dynamics of ecological communities.
Data from: Sex in the wild: how and why field-based studies contribute to solving the problem of sex
Why and how sexual reproduction is maintained in natural populations, the so-called "queen of problems", is a key unanswered question in evolutionary biology. Recent efforts to solve the problem of sex have often emphasized results generated from laboratory settings. Here, we use a survey of representative "sex in the wild" literature to review and synthesize the outcomes of empirical studies focused on natural populations. Especially notable results included relatively strong support for mechanisms involving niche differentiation and a near absence of attention to adaptive evolution. Support for a major role of parasites is largely confined to a single study system, and only three systems contribute most of the support for mutation accumulation hypotheses. This evidence for taxon specificity suggests that outcomes of particular studies should not be more broadly extrapolated without extreme caution. We conclude by suggesting steps forward, highlighting tests of niche differentiation mechanisms in both lab and nature and empirical evaluation of adaptive evolution-focused hypotheses in the wild. We also emphasize the value of leveraging the growing body of genomic resources for non-model taxa to address whether the clearance of harmful mutations and spread of beneficial variants in natural populations proceeds as expected under various hypotheses for sex.
Data from: Reconstruction of velocity fields in electromagnetic flow tomography
Electromagnetic flow meters (EMFMs) are the gold standard in measuring flow velocity in process industry. The flow meters can measure the mean flow velocity of conductive liquids and slurries. A drawback of this approach is that the velocity field cannot be determined. Asymmetric axial flows, often encountered in multiphase flows, pipe elbows and T-junctions, are problematic and can lead to serious systematic errors. Recently, electromagnetic flow tomography (EMFT) has been proposed for measuring velocity fields using several coils and a set of electrodes attached to the surface of the pipe. In this work, a velocity field reconstruction method for EMFT is proposed. The method uses a previously developed finite-element-based computational forward model for computing boundary voltages and a Bayesian framework for inverse problems. In the approach, the vz-component of the velocity field along the longitudinal axis of the pipe is estimated on the pipe cross section. Different asymmetric velocity fields encountered near pipe elbows, solids-in-water flows in inclined pipes and in stratified or multiphase flows are tested. The results suggest that the proposed reconstruction method could be used to estimate velocity fields in complicated pipe flows in which the conventional EMFMs have limited accuracy.
Data from: A field-friendly method of measuring faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentration as a simple stress checker in snow leopards
<p>Hormonal analysis of excrement has been employed to noninvasively assess the physiological conditions of domestic, experimental, zoo, and wild animals to. However, conventional hormone analysis techniques require frozen and refrigerated reagents, and laboratory equipment; therefore, it is almost impossible to obtain the results on-site. This study attempted to establish a method for the simple and rapid quantitative on-site analysis of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGM) concentrations; this method involved using hand-shaking for faecal hormone extraction, and immunochromatography using test strips and a smartphone application. This study focused specifically on snow leopards and developed a new, simple fGM measurement method to evaluate their stress levels on-site.</p> <p>First, the effects of ultraviolet exposure and bacterial activity on fGM concentration, including sample age, were evaluated using faeces from a captive snow leopard. Second, a field-friendly hormone extraction method was evaluated; this method does not require storage of faeces in the field because the hormones are extracted by hand-shaking of faeces in ethanol at the time of collection. In addition, to measure hormone concentrations on-site, a simple immunochromatography measurement kit was used. The concentrations were measured by quantifying the colour reactions using a smartphone application.</p> <p>There was no consistent increase or decrease in fGM concentration with ultraviolet irradiation time. In addition, a high correlation was observed between concentrations extracted using the conventional method (using a vortex mixer and methanol extraction) and those from the field-friendly method (r = 0.812, <i>P </i>< 0.05). Changes in fGM concentration measured using immunochromatography were also highly consistent with those measured using the conventional method (enzyme-immunoassay) (r = 0.825, <i>P</i> < 0.05). The analytical validation of immunochromatography also showed high accuracy, i.e. parallelism (ANCOVA: F = 0.597, df = 1, <i>P</i> = 0.445) and recovery tests (98.2% ± 5.1% and 107.5% ± 18.7%). Further, for biological validation, the change in fGM concentration was examined before and after the transportation of the snow leopards to another zoo.</p> <p>This field-friendly hormone analysis method is expected to contribute as a simple and rapid stress evaluation tool to manage conservation and animal welfare by monitoring the stress levels.</p>
Data from: Weak sinusoidal electric fields entrain spontaneous Ca transients in the dendritic tufts of CA1 pyramidal cells in rat hippocampal slice preparations
Neurons might interact via electric fields and this notion has been referred to as ephaptic interaction. It has been shown that various types of ion channels are distributed along the dendrites and are capable of supporting generation of dendritic spikes. We hypothesized that generation of dendritic spikes play important roles in the ephaptic interactions either by amplifying the impact of electric fields or by providing current source to generate electric fields. To test if dendritic activities can be modulated by electric fields, we developed a method to monitor local Ca-transients in the dendrites of a neuronal population in acute rat hippocampal slices by applying spinning-disk confocal microscopy and multi-cell dye loading technique. In a condition in which the dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons show spontaneous Ca-transients due to added 50 μM 4-aminopyridine to the bathing medium and adjusted extracellular potassium concentration, we examined the impact of sinusoidal electric fields on the Ca-transients. We have found that spontaneously occurring fast-Ca-transients in the tufts of the apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons can be blocked by applying 1 μM tetrodotoxin, and that the timing of the transients become entrained to sub-threshold 1-4 Hz electric fields with an intensity as weak as 0.84 mV/mm applied parallel to the somato-dendritic axis of the neurons. The extent of entrainment increases with intensity below 5 mV/mm, but does not increase further over the range of 5-20 mV/mm. These results suggest that population of pyramidal cells might be able to detect electric fields with biologically relevant intensity by modulating the timing of dendritic spikes.
Data from: Global induced stress field from large earthquakes since 1900 and chained earthquake occurrence
<p>Great earthquakes produce significant damages over large areas. The timely identification of impending earthquakes is crucial for seismic hazard mitigation. We assess the stress induced from neighboring earthquakes for 120 years around the circum-Pacific plate boundaries. Large earthquakes perturbed the stress fields. We analyze 1,636 earthquakes with moment magnitudes greater than or equal to 6.4 in 1900-2020. The cumulative Coulomb stress changes reach up to the order of tens to hundreds of bar at the plate boundaries. Large earthquakes followed in the regions with large lateral gradients of cumulative Coulomb stress changes induced by precedent earthquakes. Laterally heterogeneous stress fields may play an important role in nucleation of great earthquakes.</p>
Figure 2 from: Mossakowski D, Dormann W (2011) A plea for using qualitative aspects in the interpretation of ecological field data as revealed by carabid beetle assemblages of a pristine salt marsh. ZooKeys 100: 273-286. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1532
Figure 2 - IndVals at different levels in the UPGMA tree. Result for a single species, Dicheirotrichus gustavii, calculated by the original IndVal program. Eight values of the nine levels are significant. Data: abundance/frequency data. 7/4: a total of seven specimens were found in four of the five traps. Sites 102 and 103 are omitted.
Figure 1 from: Mossakowski D, Dormann W (2011) A plea for using qualitative aspects in the interpretation of ecological field data as revealed by carabid beetle assemblages of a pristine salt marsh. ZooKeys 100: 273-286. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1532
Figure 1 - Result of a cluster analysis using Relative Euclidean distances and Ward's method. Most traps of the site at the lowest elevation (-20 cm below MHW) cluster with those of 100 cm above MHW. Arrow: One trap of -20 behaves differently.
Figure 3 from: Mossakowski D, Dormann W (2011) A plea for using qualitative aspects in the interpretation of ecological field data as revealed by carabid beetle assemblages of a pristine salt marsh. ZooKeys 100: 273-286. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1532
Figure 3 - Results of the IndVal procedure depend on the tree used. Data: abundance/frequency of Cillenus lateralis along the elevation gradient. 3/3: a total of three specimens was found in three of the five traps. Sites 102 and 103 are omitted.
Figure 6 from: Hawlitschek O, Brückmann B, Berger J, Green K, Glaw F (2011) Integrating field surveys and remote sensing data to study distribution, habitat use and conservation status of the herpetofauna of the Comoro Islands. ZooKeys 144: 21-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.1648
Figure 6 - Species photographs. A Lycodryas sanctijohannis, male, ZSM 38/2010, Anjouan B Lycodryas sanctijohannis, female, ZSM 40/2010, Anjouan C Furcifer cephalolepis, male, Grand Comoro D Furcifer polleni, male, Anjouan E Furcifer cephalolepis, female, Grand Comoro F Furcifer polleni, female, Mayotte G Trachylepis comorensis, Mohéli H Trachylepis striata, ZSM 70/2010, Anjouan.
Figure 3 from: Hawlitschek O, Brückmann B, Berger J, Green K, Glaw F (2011) Integrating field surveys and remote sensing data to study distribution, habitat use and conservation status of the herpetofauna of the Comoro Islands. ZooKeys 144: 21-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.1648
Figure 3 - Forest areas on the Comoros. For each level of altitude (in intervals of 100 m), the area occupied by forest is given as percentage of the total area occupied by all habitat classes in this level.
Figure 19 from: Hawlitschek O, Brückmann B, Berger J, Green K, Glaw F (2011) Integrating field surveys and remote sensing data to study distribution, habitat use and conservation status of the herpetofauna of the Comoro Islands. ZooKeys 144: 21-79. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.144.1648
Figure 19 - Distribution maps, and distribution over habitat and altitude classes, for Trachylepis striata, Typhlops comorensis and Typhlops sp.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.