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FIGURE 3. Graptocarcinus urbasaensis n in Graptocarcininae n. subfam., an extinct subfamily of Dynomenidae Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Podotremata)
FIGURE 3. Graptocarcinus urbasaensis n. sp., MCNA 8562 (paratype, male), Santonian, Egibil quarry, Olazti-Olazagutía, Navarra, Spain. A, dorsal view; B, frontal view; C, ventral view; D, posterior view; E, detail of abdomen and pereiopod coxae; F, detail of posterior view. a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, abdominal somites 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; ab, articulating bulge; cx1, cx2, cx3, cx4, cx5, P1–P5 coxae; cmxp3, mxp3 coxa; d, depression; gr, granules; mP5, P5 merus; pr, prominence; pt, pterygostome; u, uropod; t, telson. Scale bars: 10mm. Specimen whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate prior to photography.
FIGURE 4 in Graptocarcininae n. subfam., an extinct subfamily of Dynomenidae Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Podotremata)
FIGURE 4. Acanthodromia margarita (Alcock, 1899), MNHN-B28812 (male and female), Balicasag Island, Panglao, Bohol, Visayas, Philippines. A, dorsal view of male, with markedly reduced, obliquely oriented P5; B, posterior view of male; C, ventral view of female, abdomen removed, showing thoracic sternum; D, ventral view of female, E, ventral view of male. a1, a2, a3, abdominal somites 1, 2, 3; cx1, cx2, cx3, cx4, cx5, P1–P5 coxae; P5, pereiopod 5; pr, prominence. Scale bars: 5mm.
FIGURE 2. Graptocarcinus urbasaensis n in Graptocarcininae n. subfam., an extinct subfamily of Dynomenidae Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Podotremata)
FIGURE 2. Graptocarcinus urbasaensis n. sp., MGSB78.337a–c (holotype, female), Santonian, Contrasta, Álava, Spain. A, dorsal view; B, right lateral view; C, ventral view; D, frontal view; E, posterior view; F, left cheliped. a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, abdominal somites 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; d, depression; u, uropod; t, telson. Scale bars: 10mm. Specimen whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate prior to photography.
FIGURE 1 in Graptocarcininae n. subfam., an extinct subfamily of Dynomenidae Ortmann, 1892 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Podotremata)
FIGURE 1. Geological map of the Entzia-Urbasa Mountain Range (Álava and Navarra provinces, Spain) indicating the location of the fossil localities. Insert map shows the location of the study area. Geological map modified from the Spanish geological map, MAGNA E 1:50.000.
FIGURES 2–8 in Subfossils of extinct and extant species of Simuliidae (Diptera) from Austral and Cook Islands (Polynesia): anthropogenic extirpation of an aquatic insect?
FIGURES 2–8. Simulium (I.) teruamanga. Fig. 2. Dorsal view of head of extant larva. Matavera Stream, Rarotonga (scale bar 0.1 mm). Fig. 3. Hypostoma and postgenal cleft of extant larva (scale bar 0.05 mm). Fig. 4. Hypostoma of extant larva (scale bar 0.02 mm). Fig. 5. Hypostoma, postgenal cleft and genae of subfossil larva. Near outlet Tamarua East swamp, Mangaia (scale bar 0.1 mm). Fig. 6. Hypostoma of subfossil larva. Near outlet Tamarua East swamp, Mangaia (scale bar 0.02 mm). Fig. 7. Hypostoma, postgenal cleft, frontoclypeal apotome and antenna of subfossil larva. Near Lake Te Roto, Atiu (scale bar 0.1 mm). Fig. 8. Hypostoma of subfossil larva. Near Lake Te Roto, Atiu (scale bar 0.02 mm).
FIGURE 1 in Subfossils of extinct and extant species of Simuliidae (Diptera) from Austral and Cook Islands (Polynesia): anthropogenic extirpation of an aquatic insect?
FIGURE 1. Distribution of known simuliid material on Cook and Austral Islands. Simulium (I.) teruamanga—squares, S. (I.) rurutuense—circles. Simulium (I.) raivavaense—asterisk. Solid shapes indicates extant species, stippled subfossil material. (Adapted from Craig et al. 2001).
FIGURES 9–17. 9–13 in Subfossils of extinct and extant species of Simuliidae (Diptera) from Austral and Cook Islands (Polynesia): anthropogenic extirpation of an aquatic insect?
FIGURES 9–17. 9–13. Simulium (I.) rurutuense. Fig. 9. Dorsal view of head of extant larva. Vaipapa Stream, Rurutu (scale bar 0.1 mm). Fig. 10. Hypostoma and postgenal cleft of extant larva (scale bar 0.1 mm). Fig. 11. Hypostoma of extant larva (scale bar 0.02 mm). Fig. 12. Hypostoma, postgenal cleft and genae of subfossil larva. Mihiura Swamp, Tubuai (scale bar 0.1 mm). Fig. 13. Hypostoma of subfossil larva (scale bar 0.05 mm). 14–17. Simulium (I.) raivavaense. Near Rairua, Raivavae. Fig. 14. Frontoclypeal apotome of extinct subfossil larva—note anteromedial palatal brush (scale bar 0.05 mm). Fig.15. Hypostoma, postgenal cleft and genae of extinct subfossil larva (scale bar 0.05 mm). Fig. 16. Hypostoma of last instar of extinct subfossil larva (scale bar 0.02 mm). Fig. 17. Hypostoma of probable penultimate instar of larva (scale bar 0.02 mm).
FIGURE 15 in Anthropogenic extinction of Pacific land snails: A case study of Rurutu, French Polynesia, with description of eight new species of endodontids (Pulmonata)
FIGURE 15. Physical map of Rurutu (French Polynesia), showing the distribution of the new species of Endodontidae described herein; yellow represents areas ofraised coral reef (matos). A. circles, Australdonta oheatora; triangles, A. pakalolo. B. circles, Minidonta boucheti; triangles, A. anneae. C. A. sibleti. D. A. florencei. E. A. teaae. F. M. bieleri.
FIGURE 16 in Anthropogenic extinction of Pacific land snails: A case study of Rurutu, French Polynesia, with description of eight new species of endodontids (Pulmonata)
FIGURE 16. Physical map of Rurutu (French Polynesia), showing the distribution of previously known species of Endodontidae (A–G), and a summary of species richness per station (H); yellow represents areas of raised coral reef (matos). A. Australdonta degagei. B. A. tapina. C. A. pseudplanulata. D. A. collicella. E. circles, A. yoshii; triangles, A. sulcata. F. circles, A. magnasulcata; triangles, A. radiella rurutuensis. G. circles, Minidonta haplaenopla; triangles, A. microspiralis; square, A. magnasulcatissima. H. species richness indicated by gradient of color from white (zero endodontid species) to very dark red (eleven endodontid species).
FIGURE 14 in Anthropogenic extinction of Pacific land snails: A case study of Rurutu, French Polynesia, with description of eight new species of endodontids (Pulmonata)
FIGURE 14. Apertural view of the holotypes of the new species described herein, illustrated at the same scale: A. Australdonta oheatora sp. nov.; B. A. anneae sp. nov.; C. A. sibleti sp. nov.; D. A. florencei sp. nov.; E. A. teaae sp. nov.; F. A. pakalolo sp. nov.; G. Minidonta boucheti sp. nov.; H. M. bieleri sp. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm.
FIGURE 12 in Anthropogenic extinction of Pacific land snails: A case study of Rurutu, French Polynesia, with description of eight new species of endodontids (Pulmonata)
FIGURE 12. Minidonta boucheti sp. nov. A and C. Holotype (MNHN 25207), apical views; A. General view; B. Sculpture of the protoconch and early teleoconch (specimen from Rr42); C. Sculpture of the late teleoconch; D. Paratype 8 (MNHN 25208), detail of the peristome. Scale bars: A = 800 µ m; B–D = 200 µm.
FIGURE 13 in Anthropogenic extinction of Pacific land snails: A case study of Rurutu, French Polynesia, with description of eight new species of endodontids (Pulmonata)
FIGURE 13. Minidonta bieleri sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (MNHN 25209), apical views; A. General view; B. Sculpture of the protoconch and early teleoconch; C. Sculpture of the late teleoconch; D. Paratype 1 (MNHN 25211), detail of the peristome. Scale bars: A = 800 µ m; B–D = 200 µm.
FIGURE 11 in Anthropogenic extinction of Pacific land snails: A case study of Rurutu, French Polynesia, with description of eight new species of endodontids (Pulmonata)
FIGURE 11. Australdonta teaae sp. nov. A. Holotype (MNHN 25205), apical view; B and C. Paratype 6 (MNHN 25206); B. Sculpture of the protoconch and early teleoconch; C. Sculpture of the late teleoconch; D. Paratype 2 (MNHN 25206), detail of the peristome; E. Paratype 1 (MNHN 25206), displaying a moderately raised spire; F. Paratype 2, displaying a flat spire. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–D = 400 µm; E–F = 2 mm.
FIGURE 10 in Anthropogenic extinction of Pacific land snails: A case study of Rurutu, French Polynesia, with description of eight new species of endodontids (Pulmonata)
FIGURE 10. Holotypes of: A. Australdonta teaae sp. nov.; B. Minidonta boucheti sp. nov.; C. M. bieleri sp. nov. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Anthropogenic extinction of Pacific land snails: A case study of Rurutu, French Polynesia, with description of eight new species of endodontids (Pulmonata)
FIGURE 5. Australdonta anneae sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (MNHN 25197), apical views; A. General view; B. Sculpture of the protoconch and early teleoconch; C. Sculpture of the late teleoconch; D. Paratype 1 (MNHN 25198), detail of the peristome. Arrowheads indicate the traces of apertural barriers. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–D= 200 µm.
FIGURE 7 in Anthropogenic extinction of Pacific land snails: A case study of Rurutu, French Polynesia, with description of eight new species of endodontids (Pulmonata)
FIGURE 7. Australdonta florencei sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (MNHN 25203), apical views; A. General view; B. Sculpture of the protoconch and early teleoconch; C. Sculpture of the late teleoconch; D. Paratype 1 (MNHN 25204), detail of the peristome; E. Specimen from station Rr38, displaying an unusually high spire. Scale bars: A,E = 1 mm; B–D= 200 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Anthropogenic extinction of Pacific land snails: A case study of Rurutu, French Polynesia, with description of eight new species of endodontids (Pulmonata)
FIGURE 2. Photographs of Minidonta boucheti sp. nov. (station Rr30, d = 2.87 mm) showing the placement of measurements (A–C) and numbering scheme for apertural barriers (D) used in this study. Abbreviations: ah, aperture height; aw, aperture width; d, shell diameter; h, shell height; nr, number of ribs on body whorl (counted from this line to the aperture); nw, number of whorls (line marks the boundary between whorls); sp, spire protrusion; u, umbilicus diameter.
FIGURE 3 in Anthropogenic extinction of Pacific land snails: A case study of Rurutu, French Polynesia, with description of eight new species of endodontids (Pulmonata)
FIGURE 3. Holotypes of: A. Australdonta oheatora sp. nov.; B. A. anneae sp. nov.; C. A. sibleti sp. nov.; D. A. florencei sp. nov. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Anthropogenic extinction of Pacific land snails: A case study of Rurutu, French Polynesia, with description of eight new species of endodontids (Pulmonata)
FIGURE 1. Physical map of Rurutu (French Polynesia), showing the sampled localities. Yellow represents areas of raised coral reef (matos).
FIGURE 6 in Anthropogenic extinction of Pacific land snails: A case study of Rurutu, French Polynesia, with description of eight new species of endodontids (Pulmonata)
FIGURE 6. Australdonta sibleti sp. nov. A–C. Holotype (MNHN 25201), apical views; A. General view; B. Sculpture of the protoconch and early teleoconch; C. Sculpture of the late teleoconch; D. Paratype 6 (MNHN 25202), detail of the peristome; E. Specimen collected at station Rr42, showing prominent palatal barriers. Scale bars: A,E = 1 mm; B–D= 200 µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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