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4,107 results for “pointing”
- Superior volsella digitiform and curved; anal point pointed at apex............. C. pflugfelderi Reiss, 1964 (Palaearctic) in A new species of the genus Cryptotendipes Beck et Beck, 1969 (Diptera Chironomidae) from India, with a world key to the males and tentative phylogenetic relationship
- Superior volsella digitiform and curved; anal point pointed at apex............. C. pflugfelderi Reiss, 1964 (Palaearctic)
Data from: Herbivores alter plant-wind interactions by acting as a point mass on leaves and by removing leaf tissue
In nature, plants regularly interact with herbivores and with wind. Herbivores can wound and alter the structure of plants, whereas wind can exert aerodynamic forces that cause the plants to flutter or sway. While herbivory has many negative consequences for plants, fluttering in wind can be beneficial for plants by facilitating gas exchange and loss of excess heat. Little is known about how herbivores affect plant motion in wind. We tested how the mass of an herbivore resting on a broad leaf of the tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera, and the damage caused by herbivores, affected the motion of the leaf in wind. For this, we placed mimics of herbivores on the leaves, varying each herbivore's mass or position, and used high-speed video to measure how the herbivore mimics affected leaf movement and reconfiguration at two wind speeds inside a laboratory wind tunnel. In a similar setup, we tested how naturally occurring herbivore damage on the leaves affected leaf movement and reconfiguration. We found that the mass of an herbivore resting on a leaf can change that leaf's orientation relative to the wind and interfere with the ability of the leaf to reconfigure into a smaller, more streamlined shape. A large herbivore load slowed the leaf's fluttering frequency, while naturally occurring damage from herbivores increased the leaf's fluttering frequency. We conclude that herbivores can alter the physical interactions between wind and plants by two methods: (1) acting as a point mass on the plant while it is feeding and (2) removing tissue from the plant. Altering a plant's interaction with wind can have physical and physiological consequences for the plant. Thus, future studies of plants in nature should consider the effect of herbivory on plant–wind interactions, and vice versa.
Data from: Inaccuracy of venous point-of-care glucose measurements in critically ill patients: a cross-sectional study
Introduction: Current guidelines and consensus recommend arterial and venous samples as equally acceptable for blood glucose assessment in point-of-care devices, but there is limited evidence to support this recommendation. We evaluated the accuracy of two devices for bedside point-of-care blood glucose measurements using arterial, fingerstick and catheter venous blood samples in ICU patients, and assessed which factors could impair their accuracy. Methods: 145 patients from a 41-bed adult mixed-ICU, in a tertiary care hospital were prospectively enrolled. Fingerstick, central venous (catheter) and arterial blood (indwelling catheter) samples were simultaneously collected, once per patient. Arterial measurements obtained with Precision PCx, and arterial, fingerstick and venous measurements obtained with Accu-chek Advantage II were compared to arterial central lab measurements. Agreement between point-of-care and laboratory measurements were evaluated with Bland-Altman, and multiple linear regression models were used to investigate interference of associated factors. Results: Mean difference between Accu-chek arterial samples versus central lab was 10.7 mg/dL (95% LA -21.3 to 42.7 mg/dL), and between Precision PCx versus central lab was 18.6 mg/dL (95% LA -12.6 to 49.5 mg/dL). Accu-chek fingerstick versus central lab arterial samples presented a similar bias (10.0 mg/dL) but a wider 95% LA (-31.8 to 51.8 mg/dL). Agreement between venous samples with arterial central lab was the poorest (mean bias 15.1 mg/dL; 95% LA -51.7 to 81.9). Hyperglycemia, low hematocrit, and acidosis were associated with larger differences between arterial and venous blood measurements with the two glucometers and central lab. Vasopressor administration was associated with increased error for fingerstick measurements. Conclusions: Sampling from central venous catheters should not be used for glycemic control in ICU patients. In addition, reliability of the two evaluated glucometers was insufficient. Error with Accu-chek Advantage II increases mostly with central venous samples. Hyperglycemia, lower hematocrit, acidosis, and vasopressor administration increase measurement error.
Data from: Active and reactive behaviour in human mobility: the influence of attraction points on pedestrians
Human mobility is becoming an accessible field of study thanks to the progress and availability of tracking technologies as a common feature of smart phones. We describe an example of a scalable experiment exploiting these circumstances at a public, outdoor fair in Barcelona (Spain). Participants were tracked while wandering through an open space with activity stands attracting their attention. We develop a general modeling framework based on Langevin Dynamics, which allows us to test the influence of two distinct types of ingredients on mobility: reactive or context-dependent factors, modelled by means of a force field generated by attraction points in a given spatial configuration, and active or inherent factors, modelled from intrinsic movement patterns of the subjects. The additive and constructive framework model accounts for some observed features. Starting with the simplest model (purely random walkers) as a reference, we progressively introduce different ingredients such as persistence, memory, and perceptual landscape, aiming to untangle active and reactive contributions and quantify their respective relevance. The proposed approach may help in anticipating the spatial distribution of citizens in alternative scenarios and in improving the design of public events based on a facts-based approach.
Data from: Below-ground causes and consequences of woodland shrub invasions: a novel paired-point framework reveals new insights
1. Confirming the impacts of invasive plants is essential for prioritizing management efforts, but is challenging, especially if impacts occur below ground and over long periods as hypothesized for woodland shrub invasions. 2. For this reason, we developed a novel "paired-point" framework capable of detecting the below-ground impacts of slow-growing invasive plants from short-term datasets in an investigation into the below-ground consequences of European buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica L. (hereafter buckthorn) invasions into Chicago-area woodlands. We measured differences between the members of 97 pairs of buckthorn-invaded and buckthorn-free points in ten below-ground response variables (RVs) that buckthorn is hypothesized to alter (listed below). We then modelled these differences (ΔRVs) in response to the severity of the invasion found at each invaded point. A relationship (linear or non-linear) between a ΔRV and severity, i.e. slope ≠ 0, suggests a buckthorn-induced change. An intercept (value of ΔRV where severity = 0) different from zero suggests a pre-existing difference. 3. Relating differences to an invasion gradient rather than simply noting their presence provided evidence that the higher levels of moisture, pH, total C, total N, NH4+-N, and Ca2+ in invaded soils pre-date and possibly promote invasion (particularly Ca2+), and that neither earthworm biomass nor soil C:N ratios are associated with buckthorn invasion, all of which suggest buckthorn to be less of a "driver" of below-ground change than hypothesized. We did, however, find evidence that buckthorn establishes in areas having greater leaf-litter mass and higher rates of decomposition, and then proceeds to accelerate decomposition further and to alter spring soil NO3--N levels. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our findings suggest that decisions regarding regional buckthorn management should be less driven by concerns about buckthorn's below-ground impacts, and that greater consideration of how variation in below-ground factors relates to invader establishment is needed, rather than simply assuming this variation to be invader-induced. This latter consideration can help to design better-targeted monitoring programs, limiting the further spread of woodland invaders. These insights illustrate the utility of the paired-point framework both for investigating below-ground causes and consequences of slow-growing invasive plants and for guiding the management of these invasions.
Data from: Sensitivity and specificity of point-of-care rapid combination syphilis-HIV-HCV tests
Background: New rapid point-of-care (POC) tests are being developed that would offer the opportunity to increase screening and treatment of several infections, including syphilis. This study evaluated three of these new rapid POC tests at a site in Southern California. Methods: Participants were recruited from a testing center in Long Beach, California. A whole blood specimen was used to evaluate the performance of the Dual Path Platform (DPP) Syphilis Screen & Confirm, DPP HIV-Syphilis, and DPP HIV-HCV-Syphilis rapid tests. The gold-standard comparisons were Treponema pallidum passive particle agglutination (TPPA), rapid plasma reagin (RPR), HCV enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and HIV-1/2 EIA. Results: A total of 948 whole blood specimens were analyzed in this study. The sensitivity of the HIV tests ranged from 95.7–100% and the specificity was 99.7–100%. The sensitivity and specificity of the HCV test were 91.8% and 99.3%, respectively. The treponemal-test sensitivity when compared to TPPA ranged from 44.0–52.7% and specificity was 98.7–99.6%. The non-treponemal test sensitivity and specificity when compared to RPR was 47.8% and 98.9%, respectively. The sensitivity of the Screen & Confirm test improved to 90.0% when cases who were both treponemal and nontreponemal positive were compared to TPPA+/RPR ≥1:8. Conclusions: The HIV and HCV on the multi-infection tests showed good performance, but the treponemal and nontreponemal tests had low sensitivity. These results could be due to a low prevalence of active syphilis in the sample population because the sensitivity improved when the gold standard was limited to those more likely to be active cases. Further evaluation of the new syphilis POC tests is required before implementation into testing programs.
Data from: Point process models for presence-only analysis
1. Presence-only data are widely used for species distribution modelling, and point process regression models are a exible tool that has considerable potential for this problem, when data arise as point events. 2. In this paper we review point process models, some of their advantages, and some common methods of fitting them to presence-only data. 3. Advantages include (and are not limited to): clarification of what the response variable is that is modelled; a framework for choosing the number and location of quadrature points (commonly referred to as pseudoabsences or \background points") objectively; clarity of model assumptions and tools for checking them; models to handle spatial dependence between points when it is present; ways forward regarding difficult issues such as accounting for sampling bias. 4. Point process models are related to some common approaches to presenceonly species distribution modelling, which means that a variety of different software tools can be used to fit these models, including MAXENT or generalised linear modelling software.
Data from: Free-ranging dogs are capable of comprehending complex human pointing cues
<p>Dogs are one of the most common species to be found as pets and have been subjects of human curiosity, leading to extensive research on their socialization with humans. One of the dominant themes in dog cognition pertains to their capacity of understanding and responding to human referential gestures. The remarkable socio-cognitive skills of pet dogs, while interacting with humans, is quite well established. However, studies regarding the free-ranging subpopulations are greatly lacking. The interactions of these dogs with humans are quite complex and multidimensional. For the first time, we tested 160 adult free-ranging dogs to understand their ability to follow relatively complex human referential gestures using dynamic and momentary distal pointing cues. We found that these dogs are capable of following distal pointing cues from humans to locate hidden food rewards. However, approximately half of the population tested showed a lack of tendency to participate even after successful familiarization with the experimental set-up. A closer inspection revealed anxious behavioural states of the individuals were responsible for such an outcome. Finally, we compared the results using data from an earlier study with dynamic proximal cues. We found that free-ranging dogs follow distal cues more accurately compared to proximal cue. We assume that life experiences with humans probably shape personalities of free-ranging dogs, which in turn influence their responsiveness to human communicative gestures.</p>
Data from: Halfway encounters: meeting points of colonization routes among the southern beeches Nothofagus pumilio and N. antarctica
The Patagonian region is characterized by a complex biogeographic history, with evidence of deep phylogeographic breaks shared among species. Of particular interest to conservation is the nature of colonization and settlement patterns after the last glacial period, including the detection of secondary contact between different lineages and/or hybridization among related species around phylogeographic breaks. Here we studied population demography and past hybridization of two widespread tree species endemic to South America, Nothofagus pumilio and N. antarctica. Using 8 nuclear microsatellites we genotyped 41 populations of both species. Genetic variation and structure across the geographic region were evaluated within and among species and the past demographic history of hybridization between the two species was inferred using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). Northern and southern lineages were identified in each species, and Bayesian clustering revealed their convergence at mid latitudes (42°S). Spatial genetic structure (SGS) also indicated the existence of a genetic discontinuity at these latitudes, which is in agreement with previous data from maternal DNA markers. Several populations around 42–44°S presented high levels of genetic diversity with a decrease toward southern populations. Even though the species are clearly differentiated (G'ST = 0.335), admixed gene pools were observed in both species. Two independent runs of ABC suggested that inter species admixture-like patterns occurred within the timescale of the Last Glacial Maximum (around 20,000 BP). We also provide evidences of recent and bi-directional hybridization/introgression between the two Nothofagus species and describe features of the populationś demography in the past. The settlement of a secondary contact zone in Nothofagus species around 42–44°S coincides with the phylogeographic breaks and hotspots of genetic diversity found in other plant and animal species in Patagonia, highlighting its importance as reservoir of diversity. The characterization of the population history of native species can contribute substantially to long-term conservation and management policies.
Spatial point pattern analysis of traces (SPPAT): an approach for visualizing and quantifying site-selectivity patterns of drilling predators
<p>Site-selectivity analysis in drilling predation may provide useful behavioral information of a predator interacting with its prey. However, traditional approaches exclude some spatial information (i.e., oversimplified trace position) and are dependent on the scale of analysis (e.g., arbitrary grid system used to divide the prey skeleton into sectors). Here we introduce the spatial point pattern analysis of traces (<i>SPPAT</i>), an approach for visualizing and quantifying the distribution of traces on shelled invertebrate prey, which includes improved collection of spatial information inherent to drillhole location (morphometric-based estimation), improved visualization of spatial trends (Kernel density and hotspot mapping), and distance-based statistics for hypothesis testing (<i>K</i>-, <i>L</i>-, and pair correlation functions). We illustrate the <i>SPPAT</i> approach through case studies of fossil samples, modern beach-collected samples, and laboratory feeding trials of naticid gastropod predation on bivalve prey. Overall results show that Kernel density and hotspot maps enable visualization of subtle variations in regions of the shell with higher density of predation traces, which can be combined with the maximum clustering distance metric to generate hypotheses on predatory behavior and anti-predatory responses of prey across time and geographic space. Distance-based statistics also capture the major features in the distribution of traces across the prey skeleton, including aggregated and segregated clusters, likely associated with different combinations of two modes of drilling predation, edge- and wall-drilling. The <i>SPPAT </i>approach is transferrable to other paleoecologic and taphonomic data such as encrustation and bioerosion, allowing for standardized investigation of a wide range of biotic interactions.</p>
A Positive/Unlabeled Approach for the Segmentation of Medical Sequences using Point-Wise Supervision
<p>Description<br> ------------</p> <p>This archive contains data and results (model checkpoint, segmentation results, ...)<br> used and obtained in paper:</p> <p>Laurent Lejeune, Raphael Sznitman,<br> A Positive/Unlabeled Approach for the Segmentation of Medical Sequences using Point-Wise Supervision,<br> Medical Image Analysis,<br> 2021 (in preparation)</p> <p>Details<br> ------------</p> <p>Each directory is named DatasetXY, where X denotes the type (surgical instrument, cochlea,<br> slitlamp, and brain), and Y denotes the index of the sequences (from 0 to 3).</p> <p>For the data.zip archive, we provide a CSV file that contains the 2d locations used in our experiments.</p> <p>For the results.zip archive, the checkpoint of our models are in PyTorch format.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Dry-season decline in tree sapflux is correlated with leaf turgor loss point in a tropical rainforest
1. Water availability is a key determinant of forest ecosystem function and tree species distributions. While droughts are increasing in frequency in many ecosystems, including in the tropics, plant responses to water supply vary with species and drought intensity, and are therefore difficult to model. Based on physiological first principles, we hypothesized that trees with a lower turgor loss point (πtlp), i.e., a more negative leaf water potential at wilting, would maintain water transport for longer into a dry season. 2. We measured sapflux density of 22 mature trees of 10 species during a dry season in an Amazonian rainforest, quantified sapflux decline as soil water content decreased, and tested its relationship to tree πtlp, size, and leaf predawn and midday water potentials measured after the onset of the dry season. 3. The measured trees varied strongly in the response of water use to the seasonal drought, with sapflux at the end of the dry season ranging from 37 to 117% (on average 83 ± 5 %) of that at the beginning of the dry season. The decline of water transport as soil dried was correlated with tree πtlp (Spearman ρ≥0.63), but not with tree size or predawn and midday water potentials. Thus, trees with more drought-tolerant leaves better maintained water transport during the seasonal drought. 4. Our study provides an explicit correlation between a trait, measurable at the leaf level, and whole-plant performance under drying conditions. Physiological traits such as πtlp can be used to assess and model higher-scale processes in response to drying conditions.
77-47-Q371 Russell Creek Point, Hot Springs
Russell Creek Point, Hot Springs Village, Port Moller, Alaska CAT# 77-47-Q371 Okada excavations HHQ, Level 4-10s Hot Springs 1B/C. 1600-1300 BCE. Also found at Russell Creek Site in Cold Bay, and at Cape Denbigh. The Hot Springs site is a massive village on the shore of Port Moller, on the Alaska Peninsula side of the southern Bering Sea. It was excavated by several different teams over the last 100 years. The main occupations are from 2000 BCE-1000 BCE, and from 100 CE to 800 CE. The Hot Springs artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 0137756, NSF 1204020, NSF 1139266, and NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Fish Tail Point Variation XCB-105-3106
Fish Tail Point Variation. XCB-105-3106. 400 BCE-100 CE XCB-105 Adamagan (Aleut for place of walrus hunters) is at the head of Morzhovoi Bay, western Alaska Peninsula. It is a massive village with multiple occupations. When it was occupied 400 BCE-100 CE, it was the largest village in the Arctic with an estimated 1000 people. It also has limited occupations dated 2200-1700 BCE, 1000-600 BCE, and 900-1100 CE. The Western Alaska Peninsula artifacts are presented as a result of the research conducted under grants NSF 9630072, NSF 9814086, NSF 9996372, NSF 9996415, NSF 1139266, NSF 1321411. H. Maschner, Principal Investigator. These artifacts were scanned with either a Faro Edge Arm or a Minolta Vivid 9i. Processed in Geomagic or Polyworks. 2-8 photos were used for texture in Geomagic Wrap. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing and publication completed at Global Digital Heritage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Projectile Point. XPM-098. Sanak Island, Aaska
Bifacial Projectile Point. XPM-098. Sanak Island, Alaska. SR08-01-U2-L5. Dates 2800-2000 BCE XPM-098 is a multicomponent site on a low terrace along the Sapsuk River, Alaska Peninsula. One of the earliest sites in the region with evidence of salmonprocessing. It has remains similar to the Arctic Small Tool Tradition before 3000 BCE, and technologies clearly related to the Ocean Bay Tradition and Sanak Island between 2600 and 2000 BCE. There is also a small occupation about 200 BCE with similarities with the Adamagan Site. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. These artifacts were scanned with either a Faro Edge Arm or a Minolta Vivid 9i. Processed in Geomagic or Polyworks. 4-8 photos were used for texture in Geomagic Wrap Maschner, H. et al. 2010. The Archaeology of the Sapsuk River, Alaska. An Occasional Papers Publication. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Alaska Region, Branch of Regional Archaeology, Anchorage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Bundle of Iron Arrow Points, Mleiha, Sharjah
Bundle of iron arrow points from Mleiha, Sharjah, UAE. As found corroded together. A number of examples have been found. 1st Century BCE to 1st Century CE. Found in tombs of the period. Overlaet 2018:30-31, CAT No 29. GDH group 3. 482 photos. Completely processed (aligned, scaled, modeled, cleaned, simplified, unwrapped, textured, meshed) in Reality Capture. B. Overlaet 2018. Mleiha, An Arab Kingdom on the Caravan Trails (Brussels 30.10-30.12.2018). Sharjah: Sharjah Archaeology Authority. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Khan As'ad Pasha, Syria Point Cloud
Constructed at a major point of economic activity of the Ottoman Empire's rule in Damascus, governor As'ad Pasha al-Azem oversaw the project which was completed in 1752 and served as a guesthouse, commerce center, and storage facility for merchants traveling through the city. The structure follows the typical layout of a khan or caravanserai and was situated in the heart of the historic trading center along the Suq al-Buzuriyyah. Collected:CyArk 2019: Khan As'ad Pasha - LiDAR - Terrestrial . Collected by Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums . Distributed by Open Heritage 3D. https://doi.org/10.26301/wvvm-ck87 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Potomac Projectile Point
An argillite Potomac projectile point recovered during the archaeological excavation of precontact period sites along Deep Run in Howard County, Maryland by Richard Stearns and the Natural History Society of Maryland in the 1930s and 1940s. Potomac projectile points are the smallest of the precontact period projectile points in Maryland and date to the Late Woodland period ranging from 1200 to 1700 AD. Courtesy of the Natural History Society of Maryland which has given permission for the model to be downloadable for non-commercial educational purposes. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
XPM-098 Basalt Point, Sapsuk River, Alaska
Andesitic basalt. Contracting Tail Point from XPM-098 Trench 1. Dates 2800-2100 BCE. Most common on Sanak Island in deposits ranging from 2000 to 1600 BCE. Unit 2 Level 2, catalog number 481. SR08-01-TT1-U2-L2 Sapsuk River, Nelson Lagoon area, Alaska Peninsula, Alaska. Several salmon fishing sites. Early period dating 3200-2100 BCE, and a later occupation 100 BCE to 500 CE. Original digitizing work done at the IVL at Id. St. Univ. Subsequent processing completed at Global Digital Heritage. Maschner, H. et al. 2010. The Archaeology of the Sapsuk River, Alaska. An Occasional Papers Publication. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Alaska Region, Branch of Regional Archaeology, Anchorage. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Camps possible spring collection point
Vertical standing stone doesn't show up 📍 [55.48443, -3.56550](https://scaniver.se/L55.48443,-3.56550) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.