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19,365 results for “watering”
Lagrangian Water Age trajectories initiated from the coastal 500m isobath and derived from surface velocities obtained from satellite observations
We conduct a Lagrangian particle trajectory analysis of surface velocities. We define an “offshore water age” as the time taken by a water parcel to be advected backward in time from its current position along its trajectory until it crosses the 500 m isobath. The rationale of this diagnostic is to detect filaments of coastal water advected offshore by horizontal transport and to estimate the time for water parcels in the filament o leave the coastal area. For example, a value of “20 days” assigned to a pixel means that the water parcel in that area was in the coastal area approximately 20 days before, where it was likely enriched in nutrients.
Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen measurements at selected depths in the water column from CalCOFI-CCE Augmented cruises in the California Current System, 2004 - November 2022
Water column bottle samples at multiple depths are taken during CalCOFI cruises (since 2004, ongoing) at various CTD stations, filtered, and stored at -20°C. Measurements of particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) are performed onshore in the lab where samples are acidified, dried and analyzed by high-temperature combustion. The sample and tin capsule react with oxygen and combust at 1000°C, and the sample is broken down, thus converting organic carbon to CO2 and reducing nitrogen oxides to N2 gas. Both gases are measured by thermal conductivity. Samples analyzed within the CCE constrain the mean C:N ratio of small particulates and by difference relative to measured living biomass, the biomass of suspended detritus.
Measurements of Soil Water Chemistry at the Coweeta Terrestrial Gradient Sites
This project is part of a larger examination of site productivity along an elevational gradient. Five tension lysimeters were placed at each of two depths, 15 cm and bottom of Bt soil horizon, along two transects running parallel to the contour of each 40 × 20 m terrestrial gradient plot. Soil water was collected weekly and composited at the end of each month. Values are the mean value for each site/month.
Riparian study: soil water chemistry (lysimeters) yearly data (1993 to 1997) at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory
These measurements are a part of a near-stream vegetation manipulation experiment conducted on WS 56 at Coweeta. The purpose of the project is to determine the effect of removal of streamside Rhododendron maximum on the export of nutrients and organic matter, on microbial community function, on downslope coarse woody debris transport, on seedling regeneration, and on microclimatic variables such as soil temperature and soil moisture. Two experimental hillslope transects that span topographic flowpaths from a local highpoint to the stream were instrumented with lysimeters in two soil horizons, the BA (20-25 cm deep) and the B (40-50 cm deep). The vegetation cut was conducted on the "treatment slope" in Aug 1995. Shortly thereafter, Oct 1995, hurricane Opal blew down a significant number of canopy trees on the "control slope." Due to this natural disturbance, the project was adjusted to contrast the effects of natural vs human disturbance - a bank of lysimeters above the cut area was unaffected and now serve as the control data for the project. The treatment slope has been renamed the "cut slope" and the hurricane impact slope has been renamed the "storm slope." The project uses a terrain-fitted hillslope hydrology model (TAPES-C, IHDM4 hybrid) to account for water flux and nutrient loading from the hillslope before and after the cut and storm impacts.
Dissolved organic carbon (doc) in stream water at watersheds 7, 14, and 27 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina, USA.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a critical role in stream ecosystem processes. This study seeks to examine long-term patterns in DOC concentration in stream water resulting from climatic variation and associated with recovery form clear-cutting. Watershed 7 was clear-cut in 1977 as part of a multi-investigator study examining the response of both the terrestrial and aquatic communities to commercial clear-cutting.
Hourly water quality measurements from 21 sites in the Little Tennessee River watershed, Macon County, NC
Water quality was monitored at nine intensive sites, nine hillslope sites, and three river sites in the Little Tennnesse River watershed, Macon County, NC in 2010-2013. The intensive sites were monitored in 2010-2011, the hillslope sites were monitored in 2012-2013, and the river sites were monitored 2010-2013. A Hach Hydrolab MS5 data sonde measured stream temperature, specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity every hour.
Water Level, Water Temperature, and Flow Measurements from the Ball Creek weir house #9, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC.
This data set contains water level, water temperature, and calculated discharge values from the Ball Creek weir house #9, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC. Using a pressure transducer, measurements are taken every 60 seconds with the average, minimum, and maximum values for water pressure and water temperature saved to the output data table hourly. Water level and discharge are calculated using the hourly average water pressure, and saved to the online data files.
Changes in water temperature in streams with progressive hemlock mortality at 8 Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory study sites from 2004 to 2013
The purpose of this study was to document changes in water temperature in 8 streams in areas affected by hemlock mortaity. Beginning in August 2004, one temperature logger was submerged at the downstream end of each of 8 small stream sites. Temperature was recorded a minimum of every 4 h. This study was conducted at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina. Stream sites were located on 1st and 2nd order streams reaches affected by hemlock death. Six sites were located in areas that have not been logged since the area became National Forest in the late 1920s and where streams passed through or were adjacent to permanent vegetation plots in which trees were measured in 1934-35, 1969-73 and 1988-93 (Elliott and Swank, 2008). Also included are data from two sites on WS 7 (Big Hurricane Branch), which was logged in 1977.
Water Quality Data (Porewater) from the Taylor Slough, just outside Everglades National Park (FCE), from August 1998 to October 2006
Porewater samples are collected at SRS1b,SRS1c,SRS1d,SRS2,SRS3, TS/Ph-1-5 within the 1 m^ aboveground sawgrass nondestructive biomass plots. Airstones connected to Tygon tubing are inserted 10-15 cm below the soil surface. Biannually during the wet season, Monoject 140cc syringes are used to collect at least 80 mL of porewater sample and after collection they are immediately placed in an ice filled cooler. The lab processing of these samples include salinity measurements using a refractometer, and filtering the sample through a Whatman GF/F filter. Samples are analyzed for inorganic nutrients such as NO2-,NO3-,NH4+,SRP, and DOC. Dissolved nutrients are measured using standard rapid flow analyzer (RFA) techniques and DOC is quantified on a Shimadzu TOC Analyzer.
Water Quality Data (Porewater) from the Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida from September 1999 to December 2006
Porewater samples are collected at SRS1b,SRS2,SRS3, TS/Ph-1-5, 6b within the 1 m^ aboveground sawgrass nondestructive biomass plots. Airstones connected to Tygon tubing are inserted 10-15 cm below the soil surface. Biannually during the wet season, Monoject 140cc syringes are used to collect at least 80 mL of porewater sample and after collection they are immediately placed in an ice filled cooler. The lab processing of these samples include salinity measurements using a refractometer, and filtering the sample through a Whatman GF/F filter. Samples are analyzed for inorganic nutrients such as NO2-,NO3-,NH4+,SRP, and DOC. Dissolved nutrients are measured using standard rapid flow analyzer (RFA) techniques and DOC is quantified on a Shimadzu TOC Analyzer.
Water Levels from the Taylor Slough, just outside the Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida from October 1997 to December 2006
Water level is recorded at least hourly at TS/Ph4 and TS/Ph5. Water level is measured with acoustic water level gages that digitally record relative water height relative to the local soil surface.
Groundwater and surface water phosphorus concentrations, Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida for June, July, August and November 2003
Seawater intrusion into a coastal aquifer mixes with the discharging fresh water to form a zone of mixed composition. This mixing zone is considered to be geochemical important in a carbonate aquifer as an area of enhanced carbonate mineral dissolution and,or precipitation. Ion exchange reactions are also common within the mixing zone as the dominant cation in seawater, sodium, replaces other ions adsorbed to the aquifer matrix. Phosphorus has a strong affinity for adsorption to calcium carbonate minerals. Both the dissolution of calcium carbonate minerals as well as ion exchange reactions have the potential to release phosphorus from the aquifer matrix to the groundwater. Discharge of this phosphorus-laden groundwater, as induced by the fresh/saline water interface, may then be an additional source of phosphorus to the overlying coastal environments. Both surface water and groundwater were collected across the seawater intrusion zone of the coastal Everglades in south Florida during the summer of 2003. Hydrogen sulfide was released from the groundwater wells during sampling, indicating the groundwater was most likely anoxic. In order to reduce the potential exposure of the groundwater to oxygen during sampling, groundwater samples were collected in the following manner. Groundwater wells were first purged of at least three well volumes prior to sampling. Water samples were then collected using a submersible pump with a 16-gauge needle fitted at the end of the discharge hose. The needle was pushed through a rubber stopper covering an acid-washed vacutainer that was first flushed with nitrogen gas to remove and oxygen, then evacuated with a vacuum pump to establish a negative pressure within the vacutainer. Water samples were stored on ice and transported to the laboratory. Samples were processed for total phosphorus using colorimetery following dry-oxidation/acid hydroloysis methods within 1 to 5 days following sample collection. Salinity of the groundwater and surf
Water Temperature measured at Shark River, Everglades National Park (FCE) from October 2007 to August 2008
American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) are top predators in the Florida Coastal Everglades (FCE), but their movement patterns and role in the ecosystem are largely unknown. Proposed restoration and management efforts in the Everglades are likely to influence both alligator movements and the spatiotemporal patterns of their effects on ecosystem and community dynamics, making studies of the factors influencing alligator movements important at this time. In October 2007, we initiated a study of alligators in the Shark River Slough of Everglades National Park using two tracking techniques that have yet to be used on crocodilians: GPS tracking and passive acoustic telemetry. GPS units attached to two alligators have provided 120 positions over a two month period while acoustic transmitters attached to 12 alligators have been detected 34,000 times on an array of 8 monitoring stations within the river system. GPS positions are more accurate than acoustic monitoring and can provide data over the entire range an alligator might move, but acoustic transmitters provide more temporally detailed information on movements within a monitoring array and over a longer duration (potentially years rather than months). Our preliminary results show that alligators may remain in localized areas for weeks at a time, but make long-distance moves from the mouth of the river system to the marsh-mangrove ecotone and likely into the marsh. In general, most alligators moved upstream as freshwater inputs decreased, but some individuals remained near the river mouth even when salinities were high. Ultimately, by characterizing alligator movements in relation to spatiotemporal variation in environmental factors we will be able to predict how alligator distributions and populations will respond to planned increases in freshwater flow. Furthermore, movement data combined with dietary and stable isotopic studies may shed light on the possible role of alligators in the redistribution of nutri
Water Temperature, Salinity and other physical measurements taken at Shark River, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER) from February 2010 to March 2014
In early 2010 we established three new permanent water quality monitoring stations in the Shark River Estuary. These stations expanded FCE's spatial coverage in terms of salinity and also established the first continuous dissolved oxygen monitoring in the estuary.
Water Temperature measured at Shark River, Everglades National Park (FCE) from July 2007 to June 2011
Between 2007 and 2011 we placed HOBO continuous water temperature loggers at 17 locations in the Shark River Estuary for various lengths of times. These stations expanded FCE's spatial coverage in terms of temperature monitoring in the estuary.
Institutional Dimensions of Restoring Everglades Water Quality - Social Capital Analysis (FCE), Florida Everglades Agricultural Area from September 2014 to July 2015
These data were compiled through the Institutional Dimensions of Restoring Everglades Water Quality research project. One of the manuscripts generated by this project focused on the social capital dynamics in the Everglades Agricultural Area. These data represent different social capital aspects reflected by the responses of interview subjects. The purpose of analyzing social capital was to explore why and how farmers cooperated given that the state law, the Everglades Forever Act, which required the adoption of best management practices, relied on shared compliance for farmers to improve water quality. The study sought to undrestand how different aspects of social capital (broadly pro-social norms of reciprocity and trust) either encouraged or discouraged farmers to adopt BMPs effectively.
Inventory of soil prokaryotic microbiome (via 16S based on rRNA gene amplicons) in freshwater and brackish water marshes following saltwater intrusion along Shark River Slough boundary, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, September 2018
Global sea-level rise is transforming coastal ecosystems, especially freshwater wetlands, in part due to increased episodic or chronic saltwater exposure, leading to shifts in microbial communities and related ecological services. Soil prokaryotes play a fundamental role in regulating important biogeochemical processes in coastal wetland ecosystem. Yet, it is still difficult to predict how soil prokaryotic communities respond to the saltwater exposure because of poorly understood prokaryotic sensitivity within complex wetland soil microbial communities, as well as the high heterogeneity of wetland soils and saltwater exposure. To address this, a four-year experimental simulation of saltwater intrusion in a pristine freshwater site and a previously saltwater-impacted site was conducted. The saltwater addition started in October 2014 on a monthly basis and continued through October 2018. The dataset contains amplicon sequencing date of 16S rRNA gene obtained from saltwater-exposed soils and unmanipulated native soils in both sites (collected in September 2018). The 2018 data are published in Zhao et al. 2023. A detailed list of sequence data and their accession numbers in GenBank is provided, and data collection is complete. This data package is an inventory of sequence read archive (SRA) entries available through GenBank BioProject PRJNA804545 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/?term=PRJNA804545). This data package is associated with the following publication: Zhao, J., Chakrabarti, S., Chambers, R., Weisenhorn, P., Travieso, R., Stumpf, S., Standen, E., Briceno, H., Troxler, T., Gaiser, E., Kominoski, J., Dhillon, B., & Martens-Habbena, W. (2023). Year-around survey and manipulation experiments reveal differential sensitivities of soil prokaryotic and fungal communities to saltwater intrusion in Florida Everglades wetlands. Science of The Total Environment, 858, 159865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159865 Instead of citing this package, which is an
Throw trap and Electrofishing Data from Water Conservation Area 3B, Florida, USA, 2019-2022 for the Decompartmentalization Physical Model Project
This dataset includes densities and biomass of fishes and macroinvertebrates collected using throw traps or an airboat-mounted electrofisher in the study region of the Decompartmentalization Physical Model (DPM) located in Water Conservation Area (WCA) 3B. Some sites in this region experienced seasonal increases in water flow due to the operations of the S-152 structure. The sites sampled for this dataset were either located along a gradient of water flow (downstream the S-152) or were in a reference area that had ambient flow conditions. The purpose of this dataset was to quantify community responses of consumers groups to flowing water and how it may interact with local nutrient conditions at the site level. Hydrological, floc nutrient and periphyton volume data used in the analyses are included. This data package includes the R script that was used to run the statistical models for the manuscript titled "Discharge and nutrients interact to determine trophic structure in a wetland: evidence from a landscape-scale manipulation". The data collection for this data package is complete.
Monthly sea-level summary data for the Fort Pulaski, Georgia, water level station (NOAA/NOS CO-OPS ID 8670870) from 01-Jul-1935 to 30-Jun-2006
Monthly mean water levels based on MLLW (mean lower low water) datum in meters were acquired from the NOAA/NOS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services web site (http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/) for station ID 8670870 (Fort Pulaski, Georgia). Selected date/time and data columns were extracted from the CO-OPS web pages, standardized and documented using GCE-LTER metadata templates. This data set covers the period from 01-Jul-1935 to 30-Jun-2006
November 2001 to March 2003 water column chlorophyll and phaeopigment concentrations for Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER sampling sites
Water samples were collected from the surface and the bottom of the water column at ten GCE-LTER sampling sites and from the surface of the water column during a low water transect along the Altamaha River in November 2001, March 2002, June 2002, September 2002, December 2002, and March 2003 . Samples were taken at various times of day and under various tidal conditions. The particulate matter was separated by filtration and analyzed for chlorophyll and phaeopigment content by flourometric analysis. This study was part of the GCE-LTER hydrographic monitoring program, and is repeated quarterly.
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