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2,556 results for “assemblages”
Functional niche constraints on carnivore assemblages (mammalia: carnivora) in the Americas: What facilitates coexistence through space and time?
<p><b>Aim:</b> Mammalian carnivores are among the best studied groups in terms of evolutionary history. However, the effects of species interactions in shaping community assemblages remain poorly understood. We hypothesize that indirect interactions via ecological trait filtering play a key role in structuring carnivoran assemblages, mediate coexistence, and thus should show high functional diversity in space and time at continental scales.</p> <p><b>Location:</b> Americas.</p> <p><b>Taxon:</b> Mammalian carnivores (Mammalia: Carnivora).</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We followed a macroecological perspective via ecological networks analyses for indirect interactions, and assessed the underlying functional diversity (FD) across space and from the Last Interglacial to the present in the Americas. We analyzed the potential distributions and six ecological traits of 88 species to establish possible mechanisms that enables species to coexist and the underlying diversity patterns. We compared the empirical results with two null models, and two sensitivity analyses.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Co-occurring carnivore species presented ecological segregation driven mainly by a size ratio (S <sub>R</sub>) relationship, called here the body-size spatial anti-clustering effect. The underlying FD patterns showed low redundancy towards the tropics and the poles during the times evaluated. However, during the LGM, shifts occurred primarily at high latitudes in North America. This shift affected the S <sub>R</sub> relationship and therefore changed functional diversity patterns. These local-to-continental interactions mediated by the S <sub>R</sub> are significant from an ecological and biogeographic perspective, suggesting a robust and consistent trend in which carnivore species of similar size have a lower probability of occupying the same area unless they differentiate in other ecological trait spaces.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions:</b> The S <sub>R</sub> relationship is potentially a primary mechanism limiting carnivore coexistence, reflecting functional filtering. The S <sub>R</sub> tends to be conservative across different ecological trait groups and through time and space. We propose that the body-size spatial anti-clustering effect can directly measure species' coexistence and mediate FD patterns in the Americas.</p>
Functional diversity of the avian assemblages better than taxonomic diversity in capturing the effect of protection
<p class="normal">Protected areas (PAs) are the cornerstones of conservation and have been shown to support higher density of conservation-dependent species. The success of PAs has been attributed to their ability to mitigate both forest loss and forest degradation. Effectiveness of PAs is conventionally measured in terms of species diversity; evidence for the consequences of protection on the functional diversity of species assemblages is scarce. We utilized the Kerala Bird Atlas data to quantify alpha diversity, beta diversity, and functional diversity from 300 sites within protected and non-protected forests along the Western Ghats. Of the total forest cover in Kerala, about one-fourth is under protection, the rest constitute reserve forest (RF). We tested if various metrics of biodiversity differ across PAs and adjacent RFs and which metric better captures this difference. Results show that the effectiveness of protection varies across guilds and does not seem to impact overall species richness. PAs are effective at the level of assemblage composition, and support higher abundance of species of conservation-concern. Species diversity did not vary with the protection status. Functional richness was high in PA while functional dispersion was high in RF. The effect of protection was more prominently visible in terms of functional diversity than species diversity. Such empirical data may broaden our understanding of the PAs and assist in monitoring efforts.</p>
Drivers of Collembola assemblages along an altitudinal gradient in northeast China
<p> The data sets were analyzed during the current study. Data from: Drivers of Collembola assemblages along an altitudinal gradient in northeast China. </p>
Data from: Dominance and competition drive assemblage configuration in an Iberian steppe bird community
<p>Open scripts and data bases for Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences ( Barrero et al., Dominance and competition drive assemblage configuration in an Iberian steppe bird community).</p> <p>Four documents are provided: The two R Scripts needed to create and fix the models and two .xls files with the data described below.</p> <p>Scripts: a) HMSC_2022_FullModel_Run_GitHub.Rmd: script to run the full model. b) HMSC_2022_NullModel_Run_GitHub.Rmd: script to run the null model.</p> <p>Xlsx: a) Grid.xlsx: Coordinates of the species surveyed. b) Data2.xlsx: Habitat descriptor variables</p>
Parasitic trophic mode of plant host affects the extent of colonization, but does not induce systematic shifts in the composition of foliar endophytic assemblages in temperate meadow ecosystems
<p>1. Foliar endophytic bacteria and fungi are increasingly being recognized as important drivers of plant host phenotype – affecting a wide range of eco-physiological processes. However, we are still lacking fundamental ecosystem-level knowledge about the structure, function, and inter-species interactions in endophytic assemblages associated with plant hosts sharing a common life strategy or ecological specialization.</p> <p>2. In this study, we chose two groups of plants with contrasting physiology as model systems: parasites and their hosts. We assessed whether plant life history strategy, namely differences in nutrient acquisition and accumulation, plays a role in structuring above-ground microbiomes under field conditions.</p> <p>3. We focused on the structure, colonization extent, and potential function of foliar endophytic bacteria and fungi in three root hemiparasitic species (Orobanchaceae), one stem holoparasite (Convolvulaceae), and their potential host plants co-occurring in species-rich temperate grassland ecosystems. For this purpose, we combined next generation amplicon sequencing with quantitative real-time PCR, chemical analyses of leaf tissue, and, in the case of bacteria, functional predictions using information deposited in available databases.</p> <p>4. We found the foliar endophytic assemblages to be diverse, dominated by generalist taxa, but highly similar across all studied species. Despite of the highly contrasting leaf tissue chemistry in the parasitic and non-parasitic plant species, the parasitic trophic mode did not induce systematic shifts in the diversity, composition, or predicted biogeochemical function of the endophytic microbiomes under field conditions. However, compared to their potential hosts, leaves of both hemiparasitic and holoparasitic species harbored significantly lower fungal counts, estimated as <em>ß-actin</em> gene copies ng DNA<sup>-1</sup>, which suggests that parasitic plants may possess mechanisms to regulate the extent of colonization by endophytic fungi.</p>
FIG. 1. — Photographies d in Étude d'un assemblage original de microvertébrés du Pléistocène moyen du nord-est de l'Algérie (Ben Kérat, Oued Zenati) et description de deux nouveaux muridés
FIG. 1. — Photographies d'une partie des blocs de brèche de Ben Kérat et des étiquettes associées.
Data set for "Local and landscape correlates of coccinellid species richness, abundance, and assemblage change along a rural–urban gradient in Quintana Roo, Mexico."
<p>Data set for original article "Local and landscape correlates of coccinellid species richness, abundance, and assemblage change along a rural–urban gradient in Quintana Roo, Mexico"<strong> </strong>accepted at Biotropica.</p> <p>We studied changes in coccinellid assemblage composition, diversity, species richness and abundance in domestic gardens along a rural to urban gradient in southeastern Mexico, and identified local and lanscape variables that determine their species richness and abundance. </p>
How hydrology and landscape shape Odonata assemblages in marshlands crossed by ditches
<p><span>One of the major current ecological challenges is to understand how to reconcile human activities with biodiversity conservation concerns. This issue is particularly relevant in freshwater ecosystems where biodiversity is globally under severe threat. Artificial waterbodies, such as ditch networks, are part of the few remaining wetlands in agricultural landscapes and hence play a crucial role in maintaining aquatic biodiversity in these landscapes.</span></p> <p><span>We investigated the responses of adult Odonata assemblages at different spatial scales in a marshland crossed by ditches to two factors expected to be pivotal influences on assemblages. At the local scale, this was mainly the water regime in ditches and, at a broader scale, the composition of the landscape. Both taxonomic alpha and beta diversity, and functional trait composition were considered as response variables.</span></p> <p><span>Significant differences were found between the responses of the two Odonata suborders. We showed that Zygoptera species richness decreased and species turnover increased with the duration of drying episodes in ditches. Geographical distances between local assemblages as well as landscape characteristics, notably woodland cover, meadow cover, and ditch network length, also significantly shaped the distribution of Zygoptera. For Anisoptera, species richness was not explained by environmental variables and beta diversity was associated only with local conditions; it increased with increasing dissimilarity in water quality and riparian vegetation. We also found evidence of functional trait syndromes (combinations of correlated traits) in Odonata assemblages, but without clear relationships to environmental gradients.</span></p> <p><span>This study reveals the structuring role of water regime for Odonata in ditch networks and demonstrates the need to jointly consider environmental variables at different spatial scales to properly understand the distribution of Odonata. </span></p> <p><span>Our findings have important conservation implications as the water regime is heavily managed in such ecosystems. Even though the relationship between functional composition and environmental gradients was found to be of limited extent in this study, we discuss how it might provide new insights for Odonata assemblage structure and be useful, locally, for stakeholders and managers. Lastly, we call for further multiscale investigations considering both the taxonomic and functional responses of Odonata assemblages (functional analyses with multiple traits and several species being scarce in this taxonomic group) in other anthropogenic freshwater ecosystems to gather more lessons for their conservation.</span></p>
Fig. 2 in Seasonal Variation In A Small-Mammal Assemblage In A Priority Site For Conservation In South-Central Chile
Fig. 2. Rodent capture rate (plus standard deviations) in the study
Fig. 11 in Breeding Bird Assemblage In A Mosaic Of Urbanized Habitats In A Cenral European City
Fig. 11. Distribution of occupied territories of Streptopelia decaocto and Columba palumbus.
Fig. 8 in Breeding Bird Assemblage In A Mosaic Of Urbanized Habitats In A Cenral European City
Fig. 8. Distribution of occupied territories of Phoenicurus phoenicurus.
Fig. 10 in Breeding Bird Assemblage In A Mosaic Of Urbanized Habitats In A Cenral European City
Fig. 10. Distribution of occupied territories of Corvus cornix, C. frugilegus and Pica pica.
Fish assemblages on two continents
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Fish assemblages –whether defined by taxonomy or functional traits—respond to regional and local habitat variation. We sampled rivers of Mongolia and the western United States (US) to determine the scale at which habitat could predict fish assemblage variation, classified by taxonomy or functional traits. Our hypothesis was that fish assemblages could be predicted using valley-scale hydrogeomorphology and reach-scale hydrology. We further predicted that if valley-scale variables explained high variation in fish assemblages then reach-scale variables would explain additional dimensions.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Mongolia, United States</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We evaluated reach- and valley-scale hydrogeomorphology of rivers in the US and Mongolia in each of three ecoregions, grassland, forest, and endorheic. Fishes were collected using backpack electrofisher following standard protocols.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Ordinations resulted in distinct assemblage patterns that corresponded with habitat variables at both valley- and reach-scales. Hydrogeomorphology differed for Mongolia and US rivers and likely contributed to different patterns that explained fish assemblage variation classified by taxonomy vs. traits. Ecoregions differed in factors contributing to fish assemblage patterns, likely a result of differences in hydrogeomorphology and historical influences, as well as effects of introduced species in the US.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions:</strong> We found that fish assemblages were structured by hydrogeomorphic processes occurring at valley- and reach-scales, and that variables predicting fish assemblages vary with scale, ecoregion, and continent. We found a common pattern where if valley-scale variables provided high explanation of fish assemblages, then reach-scale variables frequently explained more ordination dimensions than valley-scale variables. This implies that reach-scale hydrology variables are always strong predictors of fish assemblage variation, and valley-scale geomorphology variables are sometimes strong predictors. We found evidence that introduced species or anthropogenic impacts modified our analyses predicting fish assemblage variation of Mongolia and US mountain steppe rivers. Although anthropogenic impacts were substantially higher for western US rivers than for Mongolia rivers, we were unable to detect strong differences in our ability to predict fish assemblage variation from reach- and valley-scale habitat variables.</p>
Geochemical significance of Acropora death assemblages in the northern South China Sea: implications for environmental reconstruction using branching corals
<p>The datasets contain the Sr/Ca, Li/Mg, 𝛅<sup>11</sup>B, B/Ca, 𝛅<sup>13</sup>C and 𝛅<sup>18</sup>O determinations of the <em>Acropora</em> death assemblages collected off south Hainan Island in the northern South China Sea. </p>
Data Shared: Human land-uses homogenize stream assemblages and reduce animal biomass production
<p>This is a dataset compiled from 117 sampling stream sites distributed across two neotropical biomes (rainforest and grassland). Dataset included single scaled vales of human land-use (agriculture, pasture, urbanization, and afforestation), scaled values of multifaceted biodiversity of fish, arthropods, and macrophytes (taxonomic richness, functional diversity[FDis], CWV and CWM of trait categories [recruitment and life-history, resource and habitat-use, and body size]), scaled values of local environmental predictors (stream site depth, water quality deterioration index, and sediment heterogeneity index), scaled values of climate predictors (temperature and precipitation), and log of animal biomass (fish and arthropod). </p>
Transient amplification enhances the persistence of tropicalising coral assemblages in marginal high latitude environments
<p>Predicting the viability of species exposed to increasing climatic stress requires an appreciation for the mechanisms underpinning the success or failure of marginal populations. Rather than traditional metrics of long-term population performance, here we illustrate that short-term (<em>i.e.</em>, transient) demographic characteristics, including measures of resistance, recovery, and compensation, are fundamental in the poleward range expansion of hard corals, facilitating the establishment of coral populations at higher latitudes. Through the annual census of tropical and subtropical <em>Acropora</em> spp. colonies in Japan between 2017-2019, we show how enhanced transient amplification (<em>i.e.</em>, short-term increases in population growth following disturbance) supports the persistence of coral assemblages within more variable high-latitude environments. The transient dynamics of both the tropical and subtropical assemblages were strongly influenced by their corresponding recruitment patterns. However, we demonstrate that variation in colony survival and fragmentation patterns between the two assemblages determines their relative capacities for transient amplification. This latitudinal variation in the transient dynamics of <em>Acropora</em> spp. assemblages emphasises that coral populations can possess the demographic plasticity necessary for exploiting more variable, marginal conditions.</p>
Fish assemblage composition of the four basins of Wannan Mountains, China
<p><span>Extensive distribution of widespread species and the loss of native species driven by anthropogenic disturbances modify community similarity, resulting in a decrease or increase in community distinctiveness. Data from four basins in the Wannan Mountains, China, were used to evaluate the effects of low-head dams on patterns of fish faunal homogenization and differentiation based on abundance data. We aimed to examine the spatial changes in taxonomic and functional similarities of fish assemblages driven by low-head dams and whether the changes in the similarity of fish assemblages differed between taxonomic and functional components. We found that low-head dams significantly decreased the mean taxonomic similarity but increased the mean functional similarity of fish assemblages in impoundments using abundance-based approaches, suggesting that taxonomic differentiation accompanied functional homogenization in stream fish assemblages. These results show the importance of population abundance in structuring fish faunal homogenization and differentiation at small scales, especially when the major differences among assemblages are in species abundance ranks rather than species identities. Additionally, we also found only a weak positive correlation between changes in mean taxonomic and functional similarities, and partial pairs exhibited considerable variation in patterns of fish faunal homogenization and differentiation for taxonomic and functional components. In conclusion, this study highlighted that the observed taxonomic differentiation of current fish assemblages (short-term phenomenon) is probably an early warning sign of further homogenization in regions where native species are completely predominated, and that changes in taxonomic similarity cannot be used to predict changes in functional similarity.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Keywords</strong>: </span><span>Low-head dam, Stream fish, Biotic homogenization and differentiation, Taxonomic and functional diversities</span></p>
Late Miocene to Pliocene calcareous nannofossil assemblage records and paleotemperature gradients from the NW Australian shelf (IODP Sites U1463, U1464)
<p>IODP Expedition 356 drilled on the northwestern (NW) Australian shelf, recovering Miocene-Pleistocene sediments in an area where climate archives are scarce. In this work we investigated cores from two sites that are situated in two adjacent basins (IODP Site U1463 and U1464). Our analysis includes astronomically tuned records of relative abundance (%) and accumulation rates (N/cm<sup>2</sup> kyr) of the most common calcareous nannofossil species, estimates of the Shannon diversity index, as well as a ratio between dominant taxonomic groups termed the nannofossil stratification index (NSI) . Additionally, paleotemperature gradients between the NW Australian shelf area and the eastern Indian Ocean were calculated from previously published records. All the above records were used to reconstruct regional ocean circulation patterns, the relative intensity of seasonally flowing boundary currents, as well as changes in paleoproductivity and species dominance in the area between 6-3.5 million years ago (Ma).</p>
Data from: Integrating herbivore assemblages and woody plant cover in an African savanna to reveal how herbivores respond to ecosystem management
<p>African savannas are experiencing anthropogenically-induced stressors that are accelerating the increase of woody vegetation cover. To combat this, land managers frequently implement large-scale clearing of trees, which can have a cascading influence on mammalian herbivores. Studies rarely focus on how differences in woody cover influence the herbivore assemblage, making it difficult to assess how aggressive measures, or the lack of management, to counteract increasing woody cover affect the local composition and biodiversity of herbivores. We address this knowledge gap by applying a model-based clustering approach to field observations from to identify multiple herbivore–vegetation ‘configurations,’ defined as unique sets of herbivore assemblages (i.e., groups of herbivores) associated with differing woody plant covers. Our approach delineated how tree-clearing influences the distribution and abundance of the herbivore community in relation to surrounding savanna areas, which represent a natural mosaic of varying woody cover. Regardless of season, both intensively managed areas cleared of trees and unmanaged areas with high tree cover contained configurations that had depauperate assemblages of herbivores (low species richness, low abundance). By contrast, habitats with intermediate cover of woody vegetation had much higher richness and abundance. These results have substantial implications for managing African savannas in a rapidly changing climate.</p>
The generality of cryptic dietary niche differences in diverse large-herbivore assemblages
<p>Ecological niche differences are necessary for stable species coexistence but are often difficult to discern. Models of dietary niche differentiation in large mammalian herbivores invoke the quality, quantity, and spatiotemporal distribution of plant tissues and growth-forms but are agnostic towards food-plant species identity. Empirical support for these models is variable, suggesting that additional mechanisms of resource partitioning may be important in sustaining large-herbivore diversity in African savannas. We used DNA metabarcoding to conduct a taxonomically explicit analysis of large-herbivore diets across southeastern Africa, analyzing ~4,000 fecal samples of 30 species from 10 sites in 7 countries over 6 years. We detected 893 food-plant taxa from 124 families, but just two families—grasses and legumes—accounted for the majority of herbivore diets. Nonetheless, herbivore species almost invariably partitioned food-plant taxa; diet composition differed significantly in 97% of pairwise comparisons between sympatric species, and dissimilarity was pronounced even between the strictest grazers (grass eaters), strictest browsers (non-grass eaters), and closest relatives at each site. Niche differentiation was weakest in an ecosystem recovering from catastrophic defaunation, indicating that food-plant partitioning is driven by species interactions, and stronger at low rainfall, as expected if interspecific competition is a predominant driver. Diets differed more between browsers than grazers, which predictably shaped community organization: grazer-dominated trophic networks had higher nestedness and lower modularity. That dietary differentiation is structured along taxonomic lines complements prior work on how herbivores partition plant parts and patches and suggests that common mechanisms govern herbivore coexistence and community assembly in savannas.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.