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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2019View details →

Figure 2. – A in First record of Carolines parrotfish (Calotomus carolinus) and king angelfish (Holacanthus passer) around the Clipperton Atoll-La Passion Island (North-Eastern Tropical Pacific)

Figure 2. – A: Photograph of the female adult individual of Calotomus carolinus with a close up showing the details of the separated teeth (B), that are specific to this species (Photos E. Clua). C: Photograph of the juvenile individual of Holacanthus passer (Photo S. Planes) along with an adult individual (D) (Photo H. Debelius) in its natural environment, showing the specific vertical white stripe, which is present both in adult and juvenile individuals.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2019View details →

Figure 1. – A in First record of Carolines parrotfish (Calotomus carolinus) and king angelfish (Holacanthus passer) around the Clipperton Atoll-La Passion Island (North-Eastern Tropical Pacific)

Figure 1. – A: Clipperton-La Passion Island (France), Tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean. B: Approximative location of the sighting and capture of the adult female individual of Calotomus carolinus (X) and the sighting of the male individual (X') on the 11 and 13 August 2018, respectively. Approximative location of the sighting and capture of the juvenile individual of Holacanthus passer (Y) (maps modified from "Cartes de l'île de la Passion" by C. Jost, 2015).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Figure 1 in Merluccius polli and M. senegalensis (Merlucciidae) as first records from the Canary Islands (north-eastern Atlantic), with morphology data

Figure 1. – The Canary Islands. Collection locations for the first records. Ì: Merluccius polli; ■: Merluccius senegalensis.

Fig. 7 in Out of the Pacific: A second fossil porpoise from the Pliocene of the North Sea Basin

Fig. 7. Skull of the phocoenid cetacean Brabocetus gigaseorum gen. et sp. nov. from the Pliocene of northern Belgium IRSNB M. 2171 (holotype). Fragmentary basicranium in ventral view. Dotted lines indicate poorly visible sutures, the right tympanosquamosal recess, the groove for the mandibular nerve V3, and the presumed area of origin for scalenus medius.

Fig. 3 in Out of the Pacific: A second fossil porpoise from the Pliocene of the North Sea Basin

Fig. 3. Skull of the phocoenid cetacean Brabocetus gigaseorum gen. et sp. nov. from the Pliocene of northern Belgium IRSNB M. 2171 (holotype). A. Anterior view of the facial region. B. Posterior view. C. Ventral view of the right squamosal.

Fig. 2 in Out of the Pacific: A second fossil porpoise from the Pliocene of the North Sea Basin

Fig. 2. Skull of the phocoenid cetacean Brabocetus gigaseorum gen. et sp. nov. from the Pliocene of northern Belgium IRSNB M. 2171 (holotype) in dorsal view. Photo (A) and corresponding line drawing (B). Dotted lines indicate reconstructed parts and poorly visible structures. Dark grey surfaces indicate fracture surfaces. Light grey surface indicates the original position of the lost right nasal.

Fig. 5 in Out of the Pacific: A second fossil porpoise from the Pliocene of the North Sea Basin

Fig. 5. Skull of the phocoenid cetacean Brabocetus gigaseorum gen. et sp. nov. from the Pliocene of northern Belgium IRSNB M. 2171 (holotype). A. Right lateral view, photo (A1) and corresponding line drawing (A2). Dotted lines indicate the dorsal margin of the temporal fossa (A1), the reconstructed right postorbital process, and poorly visible sutures (A2). B. Left lateral view.

Fig. 4 in Out of the Pacific: A second fossil porpoise from the Pliocene of the North Sea Basin

Fig. 4. Anterior view of the facial region of the skull of the extant porpoise Phocoena phocoena (Linnaeus, 1758) with both nasals present (A) and right nasal removed (B), to show the corresponding fossae on the corresponding frontal and maxilla. Dotted lines indicate the outline of the right nasal, both when present and when removed.

Data and code associated with "Evaluating the definition and distribution of spring ephemeral wildflowers in eastern North America"

Data and code associated with a paper by Yancy et al titled "Evaluating the definition and distribution of spring ephemeral wildflowers in eastern North America". Metadata is included in files when possible.

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Invasibility of a North American soil ecosystem to amphibian-killing fungal pathogens

North American salamanders are threatened by the intercontinental spread of chytridiomycosis, a deadly disease caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). To predict the potential dispersal of Bsal spores to salamander habitats, we evaluated the capacity of soil microbial communities to resist invasion. We determined the degree of habitat invasibility using soils from five locations throughout the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, a region with a high abundance of susceptible hosts. Our experimental design consisted of replicate soil microcosms exposed to different propagule pressures of the non-native pathogen, Bsal, and an introduced but endemic pathogen, B. dendrobatidis (Bd). To compare growth and competitive interactions, we used quantitative PCR, live/dead cell viability assays, and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We found that soil microcosms with intact bacterial communities inhibited both Bsal and Bd growth, but inhibitory capacity diminished with increased propagule pressure. Bsal showed greater persistence than Bd. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) identified the family Burkolderiaceae as increasing in relative abundance with the decline of both pathogens. Although our findings provide evidence of environmental filtering in soils, such barriers weakened in response to pathogen type and propagule pressure, showing that habitats vary their invasibility based on the properties of their local microbial communities.

Fig. 5 in First Japanese Record of Argulus nobilis (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Gars of North American Origin

Fig. 5. Argulus nobilis, adult female, LBM1430006168, ethanol-preserved specimen. A, Habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view. This specimen was collected on 17 July 1992 and photographed on 2 October 2022. Scale bar: 3 mm.

Fig. 4 in First Japanese Record of Argulus nobilis (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Gars of North American Origin

Fig. 4. Argulus nobilis, adult female, LBM1430006168. A, First leg, dorsal view; B, distal part of endopod of first leg, dorsal view; C, second leg, dorsal view; D, third leg, dorsal view; E, fourth leg, dorsal view. Ventral rows of plumose setae on rami of third and fourth legs not shown (D, E). Scale bars: A, C–E, 0.5 mm; B, 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1 in First Japanese Record of Argulus nobilis (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Gars of North American Origin

Fig. 1. Argulus nobilis, adult female, LBM1430006168. A, Habitus, dorsal view; B, habitus, ventral view. Part of the ventral surface of the thorax was damaged and eggs were seen (Fig. 1B). Scale bar: 3 mm.

Fig. 3 in First Japanese Record of Argulus nobilis (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Gars of North American Origin

Fig. 3. Argulus nobilis, adult female, LBM1430006168. A, First antenna (a1), second antenna (a2), and postantennal spine (pas), ventral view; B, third and apical segments of first antenna, ventral view; C, third, fourth, and apical segments of second antenna, ventral view; D, swelling bearing six naked setae on posterior margin of first segment of second antenna, ventral view; E, preoral sheath and stylet, ventral view; F, mouth tube, ventral view; G, two anterior supporting rods and marginal projections from rim of first maxilla sucker, ventral view; H, second maxilla and spinules (circled) on second and third segments, ventral view. Scale bars: A, F, H, 0.2 mm; B–E, G, 0.1 mm.

Fig. 2 in First Japanese Record of Argulus nobilis (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae), an Ectoparasite of Gars of North American Origin

Fig. 2. Argulus nobilis, adult female, LBM1430006168. A, Frontal region of carapace, ventral view; B, posterior region of body, ventral view; C, respiratory areas, ventral view; D, spermathecal spines, ventral view; E, caudal ramus, ventral view. Scale bars: A, B, 0.5 mm; C, 1 mm; D, 0.2 mm; E, 0.1 mm.

Fig. 4 in A New Species and a New Genus of the Family Pennellidae (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) Parasitic on North Pacific Lightfish Maurolicus japonicus (Actinopterygii: Stomiiformes: Sternoptychidae) Collected from Suruga Bay, Japan

Fig. 4. Pseudosarcotretes omorii gen. et sp. nov., copepodids, paratypes (3 and 4, NSMT-Cr 31579, 31580), from the egg string of paratype (2, NSMT-Cr 31578). A, Habitus, dorsal view; B, oral cone; C, antenna; D, antennule; E, leg 1; F, leg 2; G, caudal rami; H, leg 3. Arrows showing bearing parts of leg 3. Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, H, 0.02 mm; C–F, 0.05 mm; G, 0.03 mm.

Fig. 5 in A New Species and a New Genus of the Family Pennellidae (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) Parasitic on North Pacific Lightfish Maurolicus japonicus (Actinopterygii: Stomiiformes: Sternoptychidae) Collected from Suruga Bay, Japan

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree based on 18S rDNA sequences. INSD accession numbers are shown in parentheses. Arabic numbers of nodes indicate bootstrap values for analyses of maximum likelihood (left) and posterior probabilities (right) for Bayesian inference. The asterisks show that the hatching stages are copepodids.

Fig. 3 in A New Species and a New Genus of the Family Pennellidae (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) Parasitic on North Pacific Lightfish Maurolicus japonicus (Actinopterygii: Stomiiformes: Sternoptychidae) Collected from Suruga Bay, Japan

Fig. 3. Pseudosarcotretes omorii gen. et sp. nov., ovigerous adult females, holotype (A–F), and paratype (1, NSMT-Cr 31577: G–I). A, Antennule; B, antenna; C, maxillule, basal part; D, maxillule; E, mandible; F, caudal ramus; G, leg 1, anterior surface; H, leg 2, anterior surface; I, leg 3, anterior surface. Scale bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, 0.25 mm; C, D, F, G–I, 0.05 mm; E, 0.01 mm.

Fig. 2 in A New Species and a New Genus of the Family Pennellidae (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) Parasitic on North Pacific Lightfish Maurolicus japonicus (Actinopterygii: Stomiiformes: Sternoptychidae) Collected from Suruga Bay, Japan

Fig. 2. Pseudosarcotretes omorii gen. et sp. nov., ovigerous adult females, holotype (A–F), and paratype (1, NSMT-Cr 31577: G). A, Anteri- or part of cephalothorax, dorsal view; B, habitus, dorsal view (trunk twisted); C, pedigers 1–3, dorsal view; D, posterior part of trunk, lateral view; E, oral cone, lateral view; F, anterior part of trunk, dorsal view; G, anterior part of trunk, dorsal view. Abbreviations: oc, oral cone; pb, proboscis; sp, semicircular processes. Scale bars: A, D, F, G, 0.5 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 0.1 mm; E, 0.05 mm.

Fig. 1 in A New Species and a New Genus of the Family Pennellidae (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) Parasitic on North Pacific Lightfish Maurolicus japonicus (Actinopterygii: Stomiiformes: Sternoptychidae) Collected from Suruga Bay, Japan

Fig. 1. Pseudosarcotretes omorii gen. et sp. nov., adult females. A, Whole specimen (arrowed), in-situ on host, after fixation [above, paratype 1 (NSMT-Cr 31577); below, holotype]; B, whole specimen, dissected out of host, dorsal view [paratype 2 (NSMT-Cr 31578)]; C, body region of specimen (paratype 2). Abbreviations: ce, cephalothorax; es, egg strings; ne, neck; tr, trunk. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm.