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Figures 98-101 from: Bächli G, Vilela CR (2019) The Drosophilidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark: replacing three misprinted plates. Alpine Entomology 3: 137-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.34518
Figures 98-101 Amiotasubtusradiata Duda. 98: epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, left lateral view; 99: idem, plus decasternum, posterior view; 100: hypandrium, dorsal arch, paraphyses, and aedeagal apodeme, left lateral view; 101: idem, posterior view.
Figures 164-167 from: Bächli G, Vilela CR (2019) The Drosophilidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark: replacing three misprinted plates. Alpine Entomology 3: 137-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.34518
Figures 164-167 Phorticavariegata (Fallén). 164: epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, left lateral view; 165: idem, plus basal region of decasternum, posterior view; 166: hypandrium, gonopod, paraphysis, aedeagus, aedeagal apodeme, and distal region of decasternum, left lateral view; 167: idem, posterior view.
Figures 148-151 from: Bächli G, Vilela CR (2019) The Drosophilidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark: replacing three misprinted plates. Alpine Entomology 3: 137-140. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.34518
Figures 148-151 Leucophengaquinquemaculata Strobl. 148: epandrium, cerci, and surstyli, left lateral view; 149: idem, plus decasternum, posterior view; 150: hypandrium, dorsal arch, gonopods, paraphyses, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme, left lateral view; 151: idem, posterior view. Circles indicate articulation points (upper one between inner paraphysis and dorsal arch, lower one between aedeagal apodeme arm and inner paraphyses+aedeagus). The arrow points to the region of the connection between dorsal arch and posterior region of decasternum.
Figure 6 from: Bannikova AA, Jenkins PD, Solovyeva EN, Pavlova SV, Demidova TB, Simanovsky SA, Sheftel BI, Lebedev VS, Fang Y, Dalen L, Abramov AV (2019) Who are you, Griselda? A replacement name for a new genus of the Asiatic short-tailed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): molecular and morphological analyses with the discussion of tribal affinities. ZooKeys 888: 133-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.888.37982
Figure 6 Comparison of lingual view of posterior region of right mandible to show variation in mandibular and ramal foramina. Mandibular foramen: horizontal arrow; ramal foramen: vertical arrow. From left to right: holotype of Parablarinella griseldaNHMUK 1912.8.5.23; Blarinella quadraticaudaNHMUK 1911.2.1.59; holotype of Blarinella wardiNHMUK 1915.2.3. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 7 from: Bannikova AA, Jenkins PD, Solovyeva EN, Pavlova SV, Demidova TB, Simanovsky SA, Sheftel BI, Lebedev VS, Fang Y, Dalen L, Abramov AV (2019) Who are you, Griselda? A replacement name for a new genus of the Asiatic short-tailed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): molecular and morphological analyses with the discussion of tribal affinities. ZooKeys 888: 133-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.888.37982
Figure 7 The female karyotype of Blarinella quadraticauda (G17-12) with 2n = 49, NFa = 62: routine Giemsa staining (A) and CBG-banding (B).
Figure 5 from: Bannikova AA, Jenkins PD, Solovyeva EN, Pavlova SV, Demidova TB, Simanovsky SA, Sheftel BI, Lebedev VS, Fang Y, Dalen L, Abramov AV (2019) Who are you, Griselda? A replacement name for a new genus of the Asiatic short-tailed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): molecular and morphological analyses with the discussion of tribal affinities. ZooKeys 888: 133-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.888.37982
Figure 5 Variation in morphology of the talonid of the lower molars A lingual view of left mandibular ramus of Parablarinella griseldaZMMU G18-252 B lingual view of left mandibular ramus of Blarinella quadraticaudaZMMU G17-12 C lingual view of right mandibular ramus of holotype of Blarinella wardiNHMUK 1915.2.1.3 D comparison of right lower molars to show variation in development of the entoconid and entoconid crest on m1 and m2 and the talonid of m3. Above holotype of Parablarinella griseldaNHMUK 1912.8.5.23, middle Blarinella quadraticaudaNHMUK 1911.2.1.57, below holotype of Blarinella wardiNHMUK 1915.2.1.3. The arrows indicate the entoconid and entoconid crest on m2. Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 4 from: Bannikova AA, Jenkins PD, Solovyeva EN, Pavlova SV, Demidova TB, Simanovsky SA, Sheftel BI, Lebedev VS, Fang Y, Dalen L, Abramov AV (2019) Who are you, Griselda? A replacement name for a new genus of the Asiatic short-tailed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): molecular and morphological analyses with the discussion of tribal affinities. ZooKeys 888: 133-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.888.37982
Figure 4 Skulls from left to right of the holotype of Parablarinella griseldaNHMUK 1912.8.5.23; Blarinella quadraticaudaNHMUK 1911.2.1.59; the holotype of Blarinella wardiNHMUK 1915.2.1.3 (please note that the number written incorrectly as 12.2.1.3 on the skull of this species should read 15.2.1.3). Top row: dorsal view; middle row: ventral view; lower row: left lateral view.
Figure 1 from: Bannikova AA, Jenkins PD, Solovyeva EN, Pavlova SV, Demidova TB, Simanovsky SA, Sheftel BI, Lebedev VS, Fang Y, Dalen L, Abramov AV (2019) Who are you, Griselda? A replacement name for a new genus of the Asiatic short-tailed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): molecular and morphological analyses with the discussion of tribal affinities. ZooKeys 888: 133-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.888.37982
Figure 1 Sample localities of specimens used for molecular analyses 1 China, Gansu, Lingtan County (NHMUK 12.8.5.23, holotype of Blarinella griselda Thomas, 1912) 2 China, Gansu, Taizishan NR (ZMMU S-195179) 3 China, Sichuan, Ruoergai (Zoige) (ZMMU G17-87) 4 China, Sichuan, Songpan (ZMMU G18-252) 5 China, Shaanxi, Mt.Qinling (after He et al. 2018) 6 China, Gansu, Huixian (ZMMU G17-12) 7 China, Sichuan, Baoxing (type locality of Blarinella quadraticauda (Milne-Edwards, 1872)). Unnumbered localities based on the GenBank data.
Figure 2 from: Bannikova AA, Jenkins PD, Solovyeva EN, Pavlova SV, Demidova TB, Simanovsky SA, Sheftel BI, Lebedev VS, Fang Y, Dalen L, Abramov AV (2019) Who are you, Griselda? A replacement name for a new genus of the Asiatic short-tailed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): molecular and morphological analyses with the discussion of tribal affinities. ZooKeys 888: 133-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.888.37982
Figure 2 The phylogenetic relationships in Blarinella as reconstructed in MrBayes based on cytb data. Numbers above or below branches correspond to Bayesian posterior probabilities and ML bootstrap values (>50%) generated using fast bootstrap algorithm in IQTREE. The genera Blarina and Cryptotis are used as outgroups.
Figure 3 from: Bannikova AA, Jenkins PD, Solovyeva EN, Pavlova SV, Demidova TB, Simanovsky SA, Sheftel BI, Lebedev VS, Fang Y, Dalen L, Abramov AV (2019) Who are you, Griselda? A replacement name for a new genus of the Asiatic short-tailed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): molecular and morphological analyses with the discussion of tribal affinities. ZooKeys 888: 133-158. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.888.37982
Figure 3 MrBayes tree of Soricinae genera as inferred from the concatenation of four nuclear genes. Numbers above or below branches correspond to Bayesian posterior probabilities and ML bootstrap values (>50%) generated using fast bootstrap algorithm in IQTREE. Crocidura fuliginosa is used as outgroup.
Fig. 1 in Billbrownia, New Name to Replace Brownia Johnson (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Fig. 1. Billbrownia coniungens, dorsal aspect.
Figure 6 in Are invasive hymenopteran species replacing native mud dauber wasp-associated taxa on the Seychelles Archipelago?
Figure 6. Change of hymenopteran assemblage associated with nests of the mud dauber wasp Sceliphron fuscum (Sphecidae) in Seychelles (Mahé and Praslin) from the 1930s to 2016 (Vesey-Fitzgerald 1950; this study). The differences in frequencies of native and invasive taxa between the two periods are significant (χ2 = 4.055; df = 1; p = 0.044).
Figure 3 in Are invasive hymenopteran species replacing native mud dauber wasp-associated taxa on the Seychelles Archipelago?
Figure 3. Mud dauber wasp Sceliphron fuscum (Sphecidae) from Seychelles (2016). (A, B) Specimen reared from preimaginal stages. (C, D) Specimen dead at the pupal stage. (E–H) Post-emergence cocoons. Scale bar = 5 mm. (Photos: Elizaveta A. Spitsyna).
Figure 2 in Are invasive hymenopteran species replacing native mud dauber wasp-associated taxa on the Seychelles Archipelago?
Figure 2. Examples of mud dauber wasps Sceliphron fuscum (Sphecidae) nest aggregations in Seychelles. (A) Mahé: under a rocky shelter. The blue arrow shows a female of Nephilingis livida (Vinson, 1863) (Araneae: Araneidae), a large spider species, whose webs are often accompanying massive conglomerations of mud dauber and potter wasp nests on the island. (B) Praslin: on the ceiling of a crumbling house. The red arrows show Megachile (Callomegachile) disjuncta (Megachilidae) females constructing their cells inside the nests of Sceliphron fuscum (note black, wax-like substance around entrances – a diagnostic feature of mud dauber wasp cells colonized by this bee species). (C) Silhouette: under a leaf of Coco De Mer Palm Lodoicea maldivica. (Photos: Ivan N. Bolotov [A, C] and Yulia Kolosova [B]).
Original 3D ED datasets of Co DHG and the integrated merged dataset used for structure determination with molecular replacement.
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
FIGURE 1 in Pseudobartsia glandulosa, a new combination to replace Pseudobartsia yunnanensis (Orobanchaceae)
FIGURE 1. Holotype of Pseudobartsia yunnanensis Hong, Ying-Bo Zhang 0004 (KUN No. 0735310).
Linked collectors and determiners for: Cynanchum neoleucanthum (Apocynaceae), a replacement name for the later illegitimate homonym Cynanchum leucanthum (K. Schum.) K. Schum.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Cynanchum neoleucanthum (Apocynaceae), a replacement name for the later illegitimate homonym Cynanchum leucanthum (K. Schum.) K. Schum". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/7f3b33f1-a8ca-450d-a2e4-bd41d2d29233">https://bionomia.net/dataset/7f3b33f1-a8ca-450d-a2e4-bd41d2d29233</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/7f3b33f1-a8ca-450d-a2e4-bd41d2d29233">https://gbif.org/dataset/7f3b33f1-a8ca-450d-a2e4-bd41d2d29233</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: Roles of pathogens on replacement of tree seedlings in heterogeneous light environments in a temperate forest: a reciprocal seed sowing experiment
In forest communities, the Janzen–Connell (J-C) hypothesis proposes that species diversity is maintained by non-competitive distance- and/or density-dependent seedling mortality caused by host-specific natural enemies. However, the effects of pathogen associations from nearby conspecifics versus heterospecifics remain unknown in spatially heterogeneous light environments. Seeds of hardwood species Cornus controversa (Cornus) and Prunus grayana (Prunus) were sown beneath 6–7 Cornus and Prunus adults in both the forest understory (FU) and in gaps (Gap) created by felling all woody vegetation near the focal adults. Seedling growth, mortality, killing agents (e.g. pathogens that cause damping-off and leaf diseases), and root infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were investigated. We found strong habitat effects on the expression of soil fungi beneath both tree species. Seedling mortality caused by soil-borne damping-off pathogens was greater in FU than in Gap, and AMF infection, which enhanced relative seedling growth rate, was greater in Gap than in FU. Seedling mortality caused by damping-off pathogens did not differ between Cornus and Prunus seedlings beneath the adults of conspecific or heterospecific adults in both FU and Gap, suggesting little distance-dependence or host preference in the fungus. Beneath the adults of Cornus and Prunus, the most prevalent leaf diseases were zonate leaf blight and angular leaf spot caused by the airborne pathogenic fungi Haradamyces foliicola and Phaeoisariopsis pruni-grayanae, respectively. Although these pathogens attacked the seedlings of both species, conspecific seedlings (i.e. home) showed more severe leaf damage, earlier leaf shedding and/or less defensive behaviour (cell wall defence) relative to heterospecific seedlings (i.e. away), suggesting negative distance-dependent attack (i.e. host preference) for these leaf diseases. As a result, greater seedling mortality was observed for conspecific seedlings under both FU and Gap treatments. Synthesis. In the temperate forest, the J-C hypothesis is largely mediated through the strong negative influence of airborne leaf diseases rather than through soil-borne damping-off pathogens. We found that airborne diseases demonstrated distance-dependent host preferences, which led to greater conspecific seedling damage regardless of environmental light conditions.
Data from: Bursts of amino acid replacements in protein evolution
Evolution can occur both gradually and through alternating episodes of stasis and rapid changes. However, the prevalence and magnitude of fluctuations of the rate of evolution remains obscure. Detecting a rapid burst of changes requires a detailed record of past evolution, so that events that occurred within a short time interval can be identified. Here, we use the phylogenies of the Baikal Lake amphipods and of Catarrhini, which contain very short internal edges facilitating this task. We detect 6 radical bursts of evolution of individual proteins during such short time periods, each involving between 6 and 38 amino acid substitutions. These bursts were extremely unlikely to have occurred neutrally, and were apparently caused by positive selection. On average, in the course of a time interval required for one synonymous substitution per site, a protein undergoes a strong burst of rapid evolution with probability at least ~0.01.
Data from: Population genomics reveals additive and replacing horizontal gene transfers in the emerging pathogen Dickeya solani
Background: Dickeya solani is an emerging pathogen that causes soft rot and blackleg diseases in several crops including Solanum tuberosum, but little is known about its genomic diversity and evolution. Results: We combined Illumina and PacBio technologies to complete the genome sequence of D. solani strain 3337 that was used as a reference to compare with 19 other genomes (including that of the type strain IPO2222 T ) which were generated by Illumina technology. This population genomic analysis highlighted an unexpected variability among D. solani isolates since it led to the characterization of two distinct sub-groups within the D. solani species. This approach also revealed different types of variations such as scattered SNP/InDel variations as well as replacing and additive horizontal gene transfers (HGT). Infra-species (between the two D. solani sub-groups) and inter-species (between D. solani and D. dianthicola) replacing HGTs were observed. Finally, this work pointed that genetic and functional variation in the motility trait could contribute to aggressiveness variability in D. solani. Conclusions: This work revealed that D. solani genomic variability may be caused by SNPs/InDels as well as replacing and additive HGT events, including plasmid acquisition; hence the D. solani genomes are more dynamic than that were previously proposed. This work alerts on precautions in molecular diagnosis of this emerging pathogen.
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