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4,243 results for “seasonality”
Season, anthocyanin supplementation, and flight training have mixed effects on the antioxidant system of migratory European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
<p>Migratory birds engage in two periods of endurance flight annually as they travel between summer breeding and overwintering grounds, and such endurance flights likely incur oxidative costs. These costs may differ between fall and spring migration, especially for females who must prepare for breeding and egg laying in spring. The objective of this study of a migratory bird was to test proposed hypotheses about how key components of the female's antioxidant system differ in response to flight training in the fall and spring and to dietary antioxidant supplementation. We hand-raised female European starlings (<i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>) and then fed them either a diet supplemented with dietary anthocyanins or a diet without added anthocyanins. <a name="_Hlk53656115">We then flew females in a windtunnel for 15 days during fall and spring migration seasons and measured over time oxidative damage (d-ROMs) and three components of the antioxidant system</a>—non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (OXY), uric acid, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Prior to flight training, non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage were lower in females during spring compared to fall, and females fed a low-antioxidant diet had consistently higher circulating uric acid. GPx activity decreased more in spring immediately after a long-duration flight. Females fed a high-antioxidant diet had a greater decrease in non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity after the 15-day flight training. <a name="_Hlk53656268">Flight-trained females had higher circulating uric acid than untrained females immediately after the longest-duration flight</a>, and decreased GPx activity after the 15-day flight training. In sum, females upregulated enzymatic and non-enzymatic endogenous antioxidants in spring, and females fed a diet with less antioxidants appear to compensate by increasing circulating uric acid. Our findings emphasize the important role of dietary antioxidants for birds during migration, <a name="_Hlk53656372">and that similar flights in fall and spring likely represent distinct oxidative challenges in the life history of female birds.</a></p>
Cross-seasonal effects in the American Woodcock: conditions prior to fall migration relate to migration strategy and its implications for conservation
<p>How post-breeding habitat quality and body composition of migratory birds carry over to influence fall migration strategies and residency merits consideration when creating cross-seasonal conservation plans, especially in breeding populations that are partial migrants. We assessed the influence of post-breeding habitat quality on departure body composition and fall migration patterns in a southern New England breeding population of American Woodcock (<em>Scolopax minor</em>). Woodcock that overwintered near breeding areas (<em>n</em>=5) had less fat upon capture in fall and used lower quality habitat during the fall than birds that eventually departed on migration (<em>n</em>=17). Woodcock that departed earlier were long-distance migrants that had inhabited higher-quality landscapes prior to migration, departed with less fat or similar fat stores, stopped over for shorter periods on migration, and arrived earlier on their more southerly wintering areas. In contrast, woodcock that departed later were short-distance migrants that had inhabited lower quality landscapes prior to migration yet stored similar or more fat upon departure, stopped over for longer periods on migration, and arrived relatively late to their more northerly wintering areas. These differences in migration strategies were evident under the same fall environmental conditions and did not appear related to individuals responding to their own condition as would be expected if they were class condition-based carry-over effects. As such, the southern New England breeding population of woodcock are best categorized as non-facultative partial migrants (i.e., includes residents, short-distance migrants, and long-distance migrants) that demonstrate weak connectivity between life stages; such populations are excellent for the study of the costs and benefits of migration. The stopover and wintering areas used by woodcock in the coastal mid-Atlantic deserve conservation and management attention in order to preserve critical habitat throughout their wintering range.</p>
Co-Optimization of Reservoir and Power Systems (COREGS) for Seasonal Planning and Operation
<p>Input and output data associated with the paper Co-Optimization of Reservoir and Power Systems (COREGS) for Seasonal Planning and Operation. Can be used with the COREGS model at https://github.com/lcford2/coregs.</p>
Shoot senescence in perennials of seasonal habitats: Comparative analysis of a large set of species
<p>1. Senescence in plants is a hierarchical process affecting all their body parts from cells to whole organisms. Here we aim to fill the gap between the existing knowledge on leaf senescence and rapidly accumulating evidence on whole-plant senescence by addressing patterns and drivers of shoot senescence of herbaceous plants. This is a key process that determines photosynthetic gain late in the season and economy of soil-borne nutrients in seasonal climate.</p> <p>2. We present a comparative study of 231 temperate species, ranging from spring ephemeroids to species senescing in late autumn, in a common botanical garden collection, thus minimizing difference in environmental drivers affecting individual species. We assessed senescence by measuring size decline in the later part of the season.</p> <p>3. There were two main directions of variation in senescence trajectories: rate-date axis, separating early and fast senescing species from late and slowly senescing species, and the shape-asynchrony axis separating species with accelerating and synchronised senescence from non-accelerating senescence asynchronous among individual shoots. While accelerating senescence late in the season can be due to environmental harshness (frost), accelerating senescence early in the season is likely to be an indication of an active process.</p> <p>4. As expected, rate and shape of shoot senescence were associated both with leaf- and shoot-level traits. Species having leaves with high dry matter content senesced linearly and showed higher asynchrony among individual senescing shoots. Species with larger specific leaf area tended to senesce earlier and faster, and in synchronous and accelerating manner. Tall plants senesced later and in a more synchronous and accelerating manner.</p> <p>5. Species from different habitats varied in their senescence patterns. We confirmed the hypothesis that forest species postpone their senescence relative to open-habitats species, presumably to boost their photosynthetic balance, but did not confirm the hypothesis that plants from nutrient-poor habitats senesce earlier to retain soil-borne nutrients before the advent of frost.</p> <p>6. Synthesis. We show that while leaf senescence scales up to contribute to shoot senescence, shoot senescence has its additional independent drivers and is a phenomenon in its own right with clear environmental drivers. </p>
SABER gravity wave absolute momentum fluxes for the global monsoon seasons 2016-2020
<p>This is a near-global dataset of gravity wave absolute momentum fluxes derived from SABER satellite observations using the method described in Ern et al. (2018). It covers the months of JJA and DJF, starting with December 2016, and ending with August 2020.</p> <p>Dimensions: 4 vertical levels, 37 longitudes, and 37 latitudes.</p> <p>Variables: gravity wave absolute momentum flux</p>
SABER gravity wave temperature variances for the global monsoon seasons 2016-2020
<p>This is a near-global dataset of gravity wave temperature variances at 50km altitude derived from SABER satellite observations using the method described in Ern et al. (2018). It covers the months of JJA and DJF, starting with December 2016, and ending with August 2020.</p> <p>Dimensions: 1 vertical level (z=50km), 37 longitudes, and 37 latitudes.</p> <p>Variables: gravity wave temperature variances</p>
Optimal Mowing Regime in Enhancing Biodiversity in Seasonal Floodplains along Engineered Channels, Survey data
<p>This is the survey dataset used in the publication " Optimal Mowing Regime in Enhancing Biodiversity in Seasonal Floodplains along Engineered Channels".</p>
Fig. 2 in Seasonal Variation In A Small-Mammal Assemblage In A Priority Site For Conservation In South-Central Chile
Fig. 2. Rodent capture rate (plus standard deviations) in the study
Fig. 5 in Spatial Patterns Of Bird Communities Of The Lower Dnieper Sands During The Breeding Season: Differentiation Factors
Fig. 5. The bird abundance ratio in the separate groups of samples.
Seasonal weight loss effect in the hepatic fatty acid composition in Australian Merino, Damara and Dorper sheep
<p>Seasonal weight loss (SWL) is one of the major limitations in small ruminant production in drought-prone regions. The study of breeds with higher tolerance to the effects of SWL is particularly important to define breed selection strategies. In this work we evaluated the effect of SWL in the hepatic fatty acids profile in three ovine breeds with different levels of tolerance: the Merino (susceptible to SWL), the Dorper (intermediate tolerant to SWL), and Damara (tolerant to SWL). </p>
data for the paper "Role of Vertical Mixing in the Upper Ocean in the Seasonal Variation of Arctic Amplification" in 2nd round peer review
<p>Here are all data for the paper "Role of Vertical Mixing in the Upper Ocean in the Seasonal Variation of Arctic Amplification", which is still during its peer review period. </p>
Warming may extend tree growing seasons and compensate for reduced carbon uptake during dry periods
<p>1. Warming and drought alter plant phenology, photosynthesis and growth with important consequences for the global carbon cycle and the earth's climate. Yet, few studies have attempted to tease apart their effects on tree phenology, particularly leaf senescence, and on source and sink activity.</p> <p>2. We experimentally assessed the single and combined effects of warming and reduced soil moisture on the phenology (leaf-out and senescence date, growing season length) and aboveground sink (height and diameter growth, leaf area and Huber values) and source activity (net photosynthesis, photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll concentration and total carbon (C) uptake) of two tree species with distinct strategies to deal with drought: European beech and pubescent oak.</p> <p>3. Warming advanced leaf-out, irrespective of soil moisture levels, particularly in oak and to a lower extent in beech, leading to a prolonged growing season in oak but not beech. No impacts of warming on senescence timing were found for both species. Reduced moisture had little impact on the phenology of both species. Warming-induced advances in phenology and higher photosynthetic efficiency increased the annual C uptake for oak and compensated for the reduced photosynthetic activity in the presence of reduced moisture. Conversely, for beech, source activity, including yearly C uptake, was lower in all treatments than the control, indicating no compensation of the C budget by phenological shifts.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our results demonstrate that a warming-driven earlier activity and higher photosynthetic efficiency compensates for reduced photosynthesis during hot and dry periods, but only for pubescent oak, which is a rather drought tolerant species. Current predictions of warming-induced mitigation effects through extended C uptake seem incorrect for beech. --</p>
Data from: Hierarchical variation in phenotypic flexibility across timescales and associated survival selection shape the dynamics of partial seasonal migration
<p>Population responses to environmental variation ultimately depend on within-individual and among-individual variation in labile phenotypic traits that affect fitness, and resulting episodes of selection. Yet, complex patterns of individual phenotypic variation arising within and between time periods, and associated variation in selection, have not been fully conceptualised or quantified. We highlight how structured patterns of phenotypic variation in dichotomous threshold traits can theoretically arise and experience varying forms of selection, shaping overall phenotypic dynamics. We then fit novel multistate models to ten years of band-resighting data from European shags to quantify phenotypic variation and selection in a key threshold trait underlying spatio-seasonal population dynamics: seasonal migration versus residence. First, we demonstrate substantial among-individual variation alongside substantial between-year individual repeatability in within-year phenotypic variation ('flexibility'), with weak sexual dimorphism. Second, we demonstrate that between-year individual variation in within-year phenotypes ('supraflexibility') is structured and directional, consistent with the threshold trait model. Third, we demonstrate strong survival selection on within-year phenotypes, and hence on flexibility, that varies across years and sexes, including episodes of disruptive selection representing costs of flexibility. By quantitatively combining these results, we show how supraflexibility and survival selection on migratory flexibility jointly shape population-wide phenotypic dynamics of seasonal movement.</p>
Data from: Interannual consistency of migration phenology is season- and breeding region-specific in North American Golden Eagles
<p class="MsoNormal">Avian migrants can adjust the time they depart for migration and arrive at their destination (i.e. phenology) based on environmental conditions, the period of the annual cycle, and the distance of migration. Our study shows that interannual consistency (an indicator of the strength of adjustments) in migration schedule of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in North America was greatest in boreal spring migration and the breeding regions of eastern Canada, suggesting that migration schedule is partly environmentally driven. Using multi-year GPS tracks of 83 adults breeding in three spatially distant regions (Alaska, northeast Canada, and southeast Canada), we quantified the interannual consistency of migration timing with variations within individuals tracked across multiple years and among-individuals and repeatability (r) of migration schedule, duration, and wintering latitude by breeding regions and seasons. By comparing regions and seasons, we found that consistency was highest (r > 0.85) for the schedule of the boreal spring migration in eastern Canada while Alaska had the lowest value (r < 0.15). Since seasonal consistency of migration schedule was only detected in eastern Canada, we conclude that seasonal features are not the main constraint on consistency of migration schedule. While regional differences in consistency were not related to differences in migratory distances, they could be the result of genetic or habitat differences. We also found that warmer temperatures than the decadal average at the region of departure delayed the start of boreal spring migration by ~10 days and advanced boreal autumn migration by ~20 days. It suggests that warmer temperatures would reduce residence time on breeding grounds, which is contrary to expectations and trends found in other studies. Wide variations in migratory strategies across a species distribution can add to the lists of challenges for conservation yet such variations can give migrants the capacity to acclimate to environmental changes.</p>
Data and code from: Fruit bat migration matches green wave in seasonal landscapes
<p><span>Migrating </span><span>grazers and carnivores</span><span> respond to seasonal changes in the environment and often match peaks in resource abundance. However, it is unclear if and how frugivorous animals use phenological events to time migration, especially in the tropics.<strong> </strong></span>The straw-colored fruit bat (<em>Eidolon helvum</em>), Africa's most gregarious fruit bat, forms large seasonal colonies throughout much of sub-Saharan Africa. We hypothesized that aggregations of <em>E. helvum</em> match the timing of their migration with phenologies of plant growth or precipitation.<strong> </strong>Using monthly colony counts from across much of the species' range, we matched peak colony size to landscape phenologies and explored the variation among colonies matching the overall closest phenological event.<strong> </strong>Peak colony size was closest to <span>the </span><span>peak</span><span> instantaneous</span><span> rate of green-up</span><span>,</span><span> and sites with closer temporal matching were associated with higher maximum greenness, short growing season, and larger peak colony size. <em>E</em></span><span><em>idolon</em></span><em><span> helvum</span></em><span> seem to time their migrations to move into highly seasonal landscapes to exploit short-lived explosions of food and may benefit from collective sensing to time migrations.<strong> </strong></span>The link between rapid changes in colony size and phenological match may also imply potential collective sensing of the environment. O<span>verall decreasing bat numbers along with various threats might cause this property of large colonies to be lost</span><span>.<strong> </strong></span>R<span>emote sensing data</span><span>, although, indirectly linked to fruiting events,</span><span> can potentially be used to globally describe and predict the migration of frugivorous species in a changing world</span><span>.</span></p>
Evolutionary determinants of non-seasonal breeding in wild chacma baboons
<p><span>Animal reproductive phenology varies from strongly seasonal to non-seasonal, sometimes among closely related or sympatric species. While the extent of reproductive seasonality is often attributed to environmental seasonality, this fails to explain many cases of non-seasonal breeding in seasonal environments. We investigated the evolutionary determinants of non-seasonal breeding in a wild primate, the chacma baboon (<em>Papio ursinus</em>), living in a seasonal environment with high climatic unpredictability. We tested three hypotheses proposing that non-seasonal breeding has evolved in response to (1) climatic unpredictability, (2) reproductive competition between females favoring birth asynchrony, and (3) individual, rank-dependent variations in optimal reproductive timing. We found strong support for an effect of reproductive asynchrony modulated by rank: (i) birth synchrony is costly to subordinate females, lengthening their interbirth intervals, (ii) females alter their reproductive timings (fertility periods and conceptions) in relation to previous conceptions in the group, and (iii) the reported effect of birth synchrony on interbirth intervals weakens the intensity of reproductive seasonality at the population level. This study emphasizes the importance of sociality in mediating the evolution of reproductive phenology in group-living organisms, a result of broad significance for understanding key demographic parameters driving population responses to increase climatic fluctuations.</span></p>
Rewetting prolongs root growing season in minerotrophic peatlands and mitigates negative drought effects
<p>Root phenology influences the timing of plant resource acquisition and carbon fluxes into the soil. This is particularly important in fen peatlands, in which peat is primarily formed by roots and rhizomes of vascular plants. However, most fens in Central Europe are drained for agriculture, leading to large carbon losses, and further threatened by increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Rewetting fens aims to restore the original carbon sink, but how root phenology is affected by drainage and rewetting is largely unknown.</p> <p>We monitored root phenology with minirhizotrons in drained and rewetted fens (alder forest, percolation fen and coastal fen) as well as its soil temperature and water table depth during the 2018 drought. For each fen type, we studied a drained site and a site that was rewetted ~25 years ago, while all the sites studied had been drained for almost a century.</p> <p><span>Overall, the growing season</span> <span>was longer with rewetting, allowing roots to grow over a longer period in the year and have a higher root production than under drainage. With increasing depth, the growing season shifted to later in time but remained a similar length, and </span><span>the relative importance of soil temperature for root length changes increased with soil depth. </span></p> <p><em><span>Synthesis and applications.</span></em><span> Rewetting extended the growing season of roots, highlighting the importance of phenology in explaining root productivity in peatlands. A longer growing season allows a longer period of carbon sequestration in form of root biomass and promotes the peatlands' carbon sink function, especially through longer growth in deep soil layers.</span> <span>Thus, management practices that focus on rewetting peatland ecosystems are necessary to maintain their function as carbon sinks, particularly under drought conditions, and are a top priority to reduce carbon emissions and address climate</span><span> change.</span></p>
October 2019 700 kHz multibeam echo sounder data used for Seasonal Change of Multifrequency Backscatter in three Baltic Sea Habitats
<p>The raw data used for the study</p> <p>Seasonal Change of Multifrequency Backscatter in three Baltic Sea Habitats</p> <p>by Schulze et al.; currently under review at Frontiers in Remote Sensing. </p> <p> </p> <p>Files are stored in the s7k-Format, and sorted by date of acquisition and frequency. 200 and 400 kHz data were manufacturer-calibrated. Correct absorption values have been applied duirng the export. Refer to the paper for further dataset information.</p> <p> </p> <p>This upload stores the 700 kHz data recorded in October 2019.</p>
Malaria prevalence before and 2 years after implementation of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Saraya, Senegal
<p><span>Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is adopted and implemented in Senegal since 2013 in the southern regions in children aged between 3 and 120 months. Scaling up of this strategy requires its evaluation to assess its impact. This study was carried out to determine the dynamics of <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> carriage before and after two years of SMC implementation.</span></p> <p><span>Four household surveys were conducted in villages in the health district of Saraya, which is a SMC implementation area in Senegal. These villages were selected using probability proportional to size sampling. Each of the selected villages was divided into segments containing at least 50 children. In each selected segment, a household questionnaire was administered to the parents or legal representatives of children aged 3 to 120 months. Blood smears were collected to determine </span><em><span>Plasmodium falciparum</span></em><span> prevalence by microscopy one month before the first round of SMC and one month after the last round of the first SMC campaign and that of two years after the start of the implementation. </span></p> <p><span>A total of 2008 children were included in our study with a mean average age of 4.81 (+/-2.73) years. 50.33% of the study population were more than 5 years old and 50.3% were male. In 2013, net ownership was 99.4 % before SMC campaign and 97.4% after. In 2015, it was 36.6% before and 45.8% after the campaign. In 2013, the prevalence of plasmodium carriage was 11.8% before and 6.1% after SMC campaign. In 2015, the prevalence was 4.9% before the administration of SMC and increased up to 15.3% after. Malaria prevalence was high among children over 5 years old and boys. </span></p> <p><span>The decrease in <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> parasite prevalence, which subsequently increased after two years of SMC implementation in this study, suggests adding an extra cycle of the SMC or adjusting the administration period.</span></p>
Data from: Grassland type and seasonal effects have a bigger influence on plant functional and taxonomical diversity than prairie dog disturbances in semi-arid grasslands
<p>Prairie dogs (Cynomys sp.) are considered keystone species and ecosystem engineers for their grazing and burrowing activities (summarized here as disturbances). As climate changes and its variability increases, the mechanisms underlying organisms' interactions with their habitat will likely shift. Understanding the mediating role of prairie dog disturbance on vegetation structure, and its interaction with environmental conditions through time, will increase knowledge on the risks and vulnerability of grasslands. Here, we compared how plant taxonomical diversity, functional diversity metrics and community-weighted trait means (CWM) respond to prairie dog C. mexicanus disturbance across grassland types and seasons (dry and wet) in a priority conservation semiarid grassland of Northeast Mexico. Our findings suggest that functional metrics and CWM analyses responded to interactions between prairie dog disturbance, grassland type and season, whilst species diversity and cover measures were less sensitive to the role of prairie dog disturbance. We found weak evidence that prairie dog disturbance has a negative effect on vegetation structure, except for minimal effects on C4 and graminoid cover, but which depended mainly on season. Grassland type and season explained most of the effects on plant functional and taxonomic diversity as well as CWM traits. Furthermore, we found that leaf area as well as forb and annual cover increased during the wet season, independent of prairie dog disturbance. Our results provide evidence that grassland type and season have a stronger effect than prairie dog disturbance on the vegetation of this short-grass, water restricted grassland ecosystem. We argue that focusing solely on disturbance and grazing effects is misleading, and attention is needed on the relationships between vegetation and environmental conditions which will be critical to understand semi-arid grassland dynamics under future climate change conditions in the region. </p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.