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MMS 1 Electric Particle Detector, Fly's Eye Energetic Particle Sensor (EPD, FEEPS) Ions, Level 2 (L2), Burst Mode, 0.3025 s Data

Fly's Eye Electron Proton Spectrometer (FEEPS) Burst Data. The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) investigation aboard the four MMS spacecraft consists of two instrument designs, the FEEPS and the EIS (Energetic Ion Spectrometer). A FEEPS consists of six Heads, each composed of two Eyes. Each eye is a particle telescope with a single silicon detector. There are nine electron eyes and three ion eyes per FEEPS. The energy coverage is from 25 keV to 650 keV for electrons and 45 keV to 650 keV for ions. Each eye has sixteen energy channels, the spacing of which can be modified by command. The fields of view and pointing of each eye are designed to provide a broad, instantaneous field of view for the twelve eyes per FEEPS.

MARS EXPRESS ASPERA-3 RAW EDR ION MASS ANALYZER EXT6 V1.0

This data set contains Mars Express ASPERA-3 Ion Mass Analyzer (IMA) data for the sixth mission extension (January 1, 2017 - December 31, 2018). These data are provided in raw units of counts/accumulation.

MAVEN SEP Calibrated Ion and Electron Spectra Data Collection (Sensor 1)

Calibrated MAVEN Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) Instrument Sensor 1 ion and electron spectra. The data include total (integrated) and differential (as a function of 28 energy windows) ion and electron number fluxes in forward and reverse look directions. Description of the SEP instrument can be found on the SEP home page https://lasp.colorado.edu/maven/science/instrument-package/sep/ and in the SEP instrument publication https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-015-0218-z.

CASSINI ORBITER SAT/SW CAPS DERIVED ION MOMENTS V1.0

This data set consists of all of the ion moments data generated from the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) ion mass spectrometer singles or time-of-flight uncalibrated data. The data set contains the derived ion moments data as follows: Ion Moments (ION_MOMT) Density, Temperature, Average Flow Speed, Average Flow Velocity Ions included are H+, H2+, and W+ (water group ions: O+, OH+, H2O+) The uncalibrated data were acquired in a mix of CAPS operating modes beginning with the first instrument checkout in January 1999 and containing throughout the Cassini Tour and through the end of prime mission. The data set covers the time period from 1999-004T03:07:47 UT until end of prime mission (July 2008). In addition, it will cover data received during extended missions. Sampling rates were variable and depended upon the downlink capabilities and other activities on-board. For times when CAPS is not producing data due to being turned off or due to communication issues, the data set will not contain data. Additionally, there will be no data during times when the calculations are not possible.

VOYAGER 2 SATURN PLASMA DERIVED ION FITS 96 SEC

THIS DATA SET CONTAINS THE ION PARAMETERS IN THE PLS VOLTAGE RANGE (10-5950 EV/Q) WITH FORMAL 1 SIGMA ERRORS OBTAINED FROM VOYAGER 2 DATA AT SATURN BY FITTING THE MEASURED SPECTRA WITH ISOTROPIC MAXWELLIAN DISTRIBUTIONS TO OBTAIN PLASMA DENSITIES, TEMPERATURES, AND VELOCITY. ONLY SPECTRA WHICH HAD DISTINCT CURRENT PEAKS WERE FIT. SPECTRA WERE FIT USING ONE OR TWO ION SPECIES, PROTONS AND/OR A HEAVY ION WHICH WAS TAKEN TO BE NITROGEN OUTSIDE OF 14 RS AND OXYGEN ELSEWHERE. OUTSIDE L=10-12 ION SPECTRA CHANGE RAPIDLY, SO THE VALUES IN THIS DATA SET DO NOT REPRESENT AVERAGE PLASMA CONDITIONS IN THE OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE. THE VALUES FOR POSITION AND MAGNETIC FIELD GIVEN IN THE DATA SET ARE ONLY APPROXIMATE AND SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR PUBLICATION. PARAMETERS WHICH ARE IDENTICALLY 0 AND HAVE UNCERTAINTIES OF 0 WERE NOT FIT DUE TO INSUFFICIENT DATA THESE NUMBERS ARE THUS NOT REAL VALUES. A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THIS DATA SET IS GIVEN IN RICHARDSON (1986). DATA FORMAT: EACH DATA RECORD CONSISTS OF 5+2N LINES, WHERE N IS THE NUMBER OF IONS FIT. LINE 1: S (A1, INDICATES THE START OF A NEW FIT) TIME OF SPECTRUM SPACECRAFT LOCATION BRHO,BPHI,BZ(3F7.3) MONTHDAYYEAR(I7) ROUTINE USED INCORPORATING THE FULL RESPONSE FUNCTION OF THE INSTRUMENT FOR L MODES DATA): CHI-SQUARE FROM FIT (E7.3) (I2): LINES 2-5 TELL WHICH CHANNELS WERE FIT: CUP IDENTIFIER (A,B,C,D) (A1) AND ENDING CHANNEL OF EACH SET (2-20I3): LINE 6 FOR IONS: F (LINE IDENTIFIER) (A1) (I1)ION MASS, CHARGE (I3,I2) (6E10.3), WHERE THE X* VARIABLES ARE FORMAL 1 SIGMA UNCERTAINTIES: LINE 7 IDENTIFIER), ION SPECIES NUMBER (A1, I1) VZ,XVZ,WPAR,XWPAR,WPER, XWPER (6E10.3). LINES 6 AND 7 REPEAT ONCE FOR EACH ION SPECIES. A CYLINDRICAL COORDINATE SYSTEM CENTERED ON THE PLANET IS USED, WITH RHO OUTWARDS FROM THE SPIN AXIS, PHI IN THE DIRECTION OF ROTATION, AND Z THE DISTANCE ABOVE THE EQUATOR. V'S ARE VELOCITIES IN KM/S, W'S THERMAL SPEEDS IN KM/S, AND DEN'S DENSITIESIN CM-3. VALUES OF B AND POSITION INFORMATION MAY BE UNRELIABLE AND SHOULD BE VERIFIED BEFORE USE. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THIS DATASET AND THE INSTRUMENT WHICH PRODUCED IT CAN BE FOUND ELSEWHERE IN THIS CATALOG. AN OVERVIEW OF THE DATA IN THIS DATA SET CAN BE FOUND IN RICHARDSON (1986) AND A COMPLETE INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION CAN BE FOUND IN BRIDGE (1977).

GALILEO SS HIC DERIVED ION FLUXES OCT89 SOLAR EVENT V1.0

This data set includes values for the fluxes of heavy ions associated with an energetic particle event of solar origin. The values are derived from HIC data taken during the Interplanetary Cruise to Jupiter.

MMS 3 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Ion Spectrometer (FPI, DIS) Instrument Distributions, Level 2 (L2), Fast Mode, 4.5 s Data

The Fast Plasma Instrument (FPI) usually Operates in Fast Survey (FS) Mode in the MMS Region Of Interest (ROI) for the current Mission Phase. Data are taken at Burst (30/150 ms for DES/DIS) Resolution are aggregated onboard and made available at Survey (4.5 s) Resolution in this Mode. This Product contains Phase Space Distribution Maps of Results from surveying the High Resolution Observations during each 4.5 s Period. In particular, the (highest possible Quality at the Time of Release) corrected/converted "Fast Survey Sky Map" Distributions are reported with Time Stamps and other Annotation characterizing the State of the Instrument System at the indicated Time.

MMS 3 Electric Particle Detector, Fly's Eye Energetic Particle Sensor (EPD, FEEPS) Ions, Level 2 (L2), Survey Mode, 2.42 s Data

Fly's Eye Electron Proton Spectrometer (FEEPS) Survey Data. The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) investigation aboard the four MMS spacecraft consists of two instrument designs, the FEEPS and the EIS (Energetic Ion Spectrometer). A FEEPS consists of six Heads, each composed of two Eyes. Each eye is a particle telescope with a single silicon detector. There are nine electron eyes and three ion eyes per FEEPS. The energy coverage is from 25 keV to 650 keV for electrons and 45 keV to 650 keV for ions. Each eye has sixteen energy channels, the spacing of which can be modified by command. The fields of view and pointing of each eye are designed to provide a broad, instantaneous field of view for the twelve eyes per FEEPS.

STEREO-B IMPACT (In-Situ Measurements of Particles and CME Transients) Suprathermal Ion Telescope (SIT)1-min Level 1 Multi-Z Ion Spectra

The IMPACT Suprathermal Ion Telescope (SIT) data consist of 1-min resolution ion fluxes of the following species (and numbers of energy bands, typically spanning ~0.04-9 MeV/n): H(12), 3He(10), 4He(16), C(17), O(16), NeS(16; neon through sulfur), Fe(14), UH(6; ultra heavy; 0.06-0.5 MeV/n), and associated uncertainties due to counting statistics.

Transcription profiling of rat keratinocytes exposed to a 56Fe ion beam

The purpose of the present work was to examine gene expression patterns in a rat keratinocyte line exposed to a 56Fe ion beam Experiment Overall Design: The cells were exposed to 1.01 geV/nucleon 56Fe ions generated by the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory facility. Data from Affymetrix rat microarrays (RAT 230_2) were processed by BRB ArrayTools 3.3.0 software, and the Gene Ontogeny (GO) database was utilized to categorize significantly responding genes.

Effects of low-dose oxygen ions and protons on cardiac function and structure in male C57BL/6J mice (echocardiogram/ultrasonography)

Purpose: Astronauts traveling beyond low Earth orbit will be exposed to high linear energy transfer charged particles. Because there is concern about the adverse effects of space radiation on the cardiovascular system, this study assessed cardiac function and structure and immune cell infiltration in a mouse model of charged particle irradiation. Materials and methods: Male C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to oxygen ions (16O, 600 MeV/n at 0.25 to 0.26 Gy/min to a total dose of 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, or 1 Gy), protons (150 MeV, 0.35 to 0.55 Gy/min to 0, 0.5, or 1 Gy), or protons (150 MeV, 0.5 Gy) followed by 16O (600 MeV/n, 0.1 Gy). Separate groups of mice received 137Cs γ rays (1 Gy/min to 0, 0.5, 1, or 3 Gy) as a reference. Cardiac function and blood velocity were measured with ultrasonography at 3, 5, 7, and 9 months after irradiation. At 2 weeks, 3 months, and 9 months, cardiac tissue was collected to assess apoptosis, tissue remodeling, and markers of immune cells. Results: Ejection fraction and fractional shortening decreased at 3 and 7 months after 16O. These parameters did not change in mice exposed to γ rays, protons, or protons followed by 16O. Each of the radiation exposures caused only small increases in cleaved caspase3 and numbers of apoptotic nuclei. Changes in the levels of α smooth muscle cell actin and a 75kDa peptide of collagen type III in the left ventricle suggested tissue remodeling, but there was no significant change in total collagen deposition at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 9 months. Increases in protein amounts of cluster of differentiation (CD)2, CD68, and CD45 as measured with immunoblots at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 9 months after exposure to protons or 16O alone suggested immune cell infiltration. For type III collagen, CD2 and CD68, the efficacy in inducing protein abundance of CD2, CD68, and CD45 was 16O greater than protons was greater than γ rays greater than protons followed by 16O. Conclusions: Low dose, high energy charged particle irradiation caused mild changes in cardiac function and tissue remodeling in the mouse. This dataset derives result from the cardiac ultrasound and abdominal aorta doppler (echocardiography) assays.

Voyager 1 Jupiter CRS Derived Proton/Ion/Electron Flux Browse Data Bundle

This bundle contains derived data from the Cosmic Ray Subsystem (CRS), which was designed for cosmic ray studies. It consists of two high Energy Telescopes (HET), four Low Energy Telescopes (LET) and The Electron Telescope (TET).

STEREO-A PLasma and Supra-Thermal Ion Composition (PLASTIC) He+ Phase Space Densities and Counts in 6 normailzed Velocity Ranges and Proton Plasma Moments, Level 3 (L3), 10 min Data

This data set presents STEREO-A PLASTIC PickUp Ion, PUI, He⁺ phase space densities, PSD, in the spacecraft frame of reference. The various data sets provide 10 min, 1 hr, and 24 hr averages of He⁺, phase space density as a function of V/Vsw in 51 velocity ranges, where V and Vsw are the PUI particle speed and bulk speed of solar wind protons, respectively. These data are delivered to the public domain on a regular basis. Efforts are made to include the latest known calibration and background determinations, however, these are expected to undergo revision. We therefore suggest that users regularly return to this page, and make sure to get the most recent revision. If the STEREO PLASTIC data are used in presentations or publications, we strongly suggest that that the authors contact A.B. Galvin, STEREO PLASTIC PI, at toni.galvin@unh.edu and Dr. B. Klecker at berndt.klecker@mpe.mpg.de to ensure that the latest release of the data is utilized. Also, please acknowledge the STEREO PLASTIC Investigation, A.B. Galvin and NASA Grants NNX15AU01G and 80NSSC17K0556. For reporting purposes, we request bibliography information for any publication, etc., using these data. Please send information on the use of these data to A.B. Galvin. If you have questions regarding the data formats, please contact the STEREO PLASTIC Data System Manager: Lorna Ellis at lorna.ellis@unh.edu.

MMS 1 Energetic Particle Detector, Energetic Ion Spectrometer (EPD-EIS) Energy by Time of Flight, Level 2 (L2), Survey Mode, 2.42 s Data

Energetic Particle Detector (EPD), Energetic Ion Spectrometer (EIS) Energy by Time of Flight, Level 2, Quick-Look Survey, 2.42 s Data. The EIS provides ion composition measurements (protons versus oxygen ions) and angular distributions over the energy range from approximately 45 to 500 keV.

Wind SMS Suite SupraThermal Ion Composition Spectrometer (SMS/STICS) Ion Angular Flux Maps (AFMs), Level 2 (L2), 30-minute Data in Solar Wind

The data include Wind STICS 30-minute Angular Flux Maps (AFMs) for selected ion species using triple coincidence (H+, He+, He2+, C5+, O+, O6+, and Fe10+) and double coincidence (H+, He+, He2+, O+, O6+) measurements in the solar wind. AFMs give the flow direction of the measured plasma divided into 48 velocity vector components ranging over sixteen azimuthal sectors and three elevation bins. AFMs are formed by integrating the VDFs over E/q. For details, see https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/wind/documents/wind_stics_lv2_release_notes_revD.pdf.The Suprathermal Ion Composition Spectrometer (STICS) is a time of flight (TOF) plasma mass spectrometer, capable of identifying mass and mass per charge for incident ions up to 200 keV/e. It uses an electrostatic analyzer to admit ions of a particular energy per charge (E/Q) into the TOF chamber. The E/Q voltage is stepped through 32 values, sitting at each value for approximately 24 sec., to measure ions over the full E/Q range of 6 - 200 keV/e. Ions then pass through a carbon foil and TOF chamber, before finally impacting on a solid-state detector (SSD) for energy measurement. STICS combines these three measurements of E/Q, TOF and residual energy, producing PHA words. This triple-coincidence technique greatly improves the signal to noise ratio in the data. Measurements of E/Q and TOF without residual energy also produce PHA words. These double-coincidence measurements are characterized by better statistics since ions whose energy does not allow them to be registered by the SSD can still be counted in double-coincidence measurements. However, ion identification in double-coincidence measurements are limited to a select number of ions that are well separated in E/Q - TOF space. The STICS instrument provides full 3D velocity distribution functions, through a combination of multiple telescopes and spacecraft spin. The instrument includes 3 separate TOF telescopes that view 3 separate latitude sectors, as shown in Figure 1 (https://spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/wind/documents/wind_stics_lv2_release_notes_revD.pdf). In addition, the WIND spacecraft spins, allowing the 3 telescopes to trace out a nearly 4π steradian viewing area. The longitudinal sectors are shown in Figure 2. The solar direction is in sectors 8-10 while the earthward direction is in sectors 0-2.

MMS 4 Fast Plasma Investigation, Dual Ion Spectrometer (FPI, DIS) Partial Distribution Moments, Level 2 (L2), Burst Mode, 0.15 s Data

FPI usually operates in Fast Survey (FS) Mode in the MMS Region Of Interest (ROI) for the current Mission Phase. Data are taken at Burst (30/150 ms for DES/DIS) Resolution in this Mode. Data are also made available at Survey (4.5 s, etc.) Resolution. Per Mission Design, not all Burst Resolution Data are downlinked, but all Survey Data are downlinked. Planning around Calibration Activities, avoidance of Earth Radiation Belts, etc., when possible, FPI usually operates in Slow Survey (SS) Mode (60 s Resolution) outside of ROI, and then only the 60 s Resolution Survey Data are available. This Product contains Partial Moments that come from performing the Standard Moment Integrals over a limited Portion of Velocity Space. The resulting Quantities are named similarly to their corresponding Standard Moments, but are decorated with 'part' to differentiate. For example, density_part is the Density Moment integrated from a particular Energy Step to Infinity. These Partial Moments are formed from the indicated Data Type (DES/DIS Burst, FS or SS). For convenience, some additional Parameters are included to augment those most commonly found in a Moments Product of this sort, plus Time Stamps and other Annotation characterizing the State of the Instrument System at the indicated Time.

MMS 2 Energetic Particle Detector, Energetic Ion Spectrometer (EPD-EIS) Electron Energy Spectra, Level 2 (L2), Survey Mode, 2.42 s Data

Energetic Particle Detector (EPD), Energetic Ion Spectrometer (EIS) Electron Energy Spectra, Level 2, Quick-Look Survey, 2.42 s Data. The EIS provides ion composition measurements (protons versus oxygen ions) and angular distributions over the energy range from approximately 45 to 500 keV.

VG2 JUP PLS DERIVED ION IN/OUTBND MAGSHTH L-MODE 96SEC V1.0

This data set contains plasma parameters from the Voyager 2 inbound magnetosheath and outbound data from the magnetotail through the solar wind. Inbound Voyager 2 passed near noon local time, so it sampled regions of the magnetosheath where flow is generally subsonic. Distribution functions observed were well represented by two convected isotropic proton Maxwellians, so this type of distribution was used to derive the proton velocity, density and temperature. Physically the two populations represent the thermal plasma accelerated at the shock (the colder component) and ions reflected once at the shock before entering the magnetosheath (the hotter component). The PLS experiment could not resolve alpha particles in this region so no alpha parameters are provided; the neglect of alpha made cause an overestimate of the hot proton component of the plasma. One sigma errors are provided for the fit parameters.

VOYAGER 2 SATURN PLASMA DERIVED ION FITS BROWSE 96 SEC

THIS DATA SET CONTAINS ESTIMATES OF THE ION MOMENT DENSITY IN THE PLS VOLTAGE RANGE (10-5950 EV/Q) AT SATURN DURING THE VOYAGER 2 ENCOUNTER. RIGID COROTATION IS ASSUMED, WHICH LEADS TO AN UNDERESTIMATE OF THE DENSITY IN SOME REGIONS, AS DOES THE USE OF AN ACCEPTANCE AREA RELEVANT FOR A COLD BEAM FOR PLASMA WHICH IS TRANSONIC IN SOME REGIONS. DENSITIES MAY BE UNDERESTIMATED BY A FACTOR OF 2-3 IN THE INNER MAGNETOSPHERE, SO THIS DATA SET SHOULD BE USED PRIMARILY FOR STUDIES USING VARIATIONS IN PLASMA DENSITY. THE FIT DENSITIES GIVE A BETTER ESTIMATE OF THE ABSOLUTE DENSITY.

VOYAGER 1 SATURN PLASMA DERIVED ION MOMENTS 96 SEC

THIS DATA SET CONTAINS ESTIMATES OF THE ION MOMENT DENSITY IN THE PLS VOLTAGE RANGE (10-5950 EV/Q) AT SATURN DURING THE VOYAGER 1 ENCOUNTER. RIGID COROTATION IS ASSUMED, WHICH LEADS TO AN UNDERESTIMATE OF THE DENSITY IN SOME REGIONS, AS DOES THE USE OF AN ACCEPTANCE AREA RELEVANT FOR A COLD BEAM FOR PLASMA WHICH IS TRANSONIC IN SOME REGIONS. DENSITIES MAY BE UNDERESTIMATED BY A FACTOR OF 2-3 IN THE INNER MAGNETOSPHERE, SO THIS DATA SET SHOULD BE USED PRIMARILY FOR STUDIES USING VARIATIONS IN PLASMA DENSITY. THE FIT DENSITIES GIVE A BETTER ESTIMATE OF THE ABSOLUTE DENSITY. THIS IS THE DATA SHOWN AND DESCRIBED IN DETAIL IN LAZARUS AND MCNUTT (1983).