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FIGURE 12. Ultrastenos huberi, shared derived character states. A-D in A reinterpretation and taxonomic revision of Ultrastenos willisi Stein, Hand and Archer, 2016, a short-snouted mekosuchine crocodylian from the Oligocene of northern Australia

FIGURE 12. Ultrastenos huberi, shared derived character states. A-D: QM F42665, holotype of Ultrastenos willisi. A, B, Right temporal fragment in dorsal view (A) and lateral view (B). C, D, ventral portion of braincase (with attached, displaced fragment of right pterygoid) in right lateral view (C) and occipital view (D). E-H: QM F31075, 'WH Cranial Form 1'. E, F, right temporal region in dorsal view (E) and lateral view (F). G, H, ventral portion of braincase in right lateral view (G) and occipital view (H). Numbered character states: 1, distance from the ventrolateral tip of the paroccipital process to the dorsal margin of the quadrate condyle is less than the transverse width of the quadrate condyle (shown by rectangular bracket); 2, short posterolateral process of the squamosal descends at an angle steeper than 65⁰; 3, parabasisphenoid-pterygoid suture recessed within a sulcus; 4, enlarged sagittal, ventral keel of the basioccipital prominent in lateral view; 5, otoccipital-basioccipital suture (marked with red line) fails to cross the synovial surface of the occipital condyle. Scale bars equal 20 mm.

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FIGURE 16 in A reinterpretation and taxonomic revision of Ultrastenos willisi Stein, Hand and Archer, 2016, a short-snouted mekosuchine crocodylian from the Oligocene of northern Australia

FIGURE 16. Ultrastenos huberi, QM F61097, cranial fragment. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, left lateral view. Abbreviations: cl, canthus lacrimalis; ect, ectopterygoid; fr, frontal; ju, jugal; la, lacrimal; mal, maxillary alveolus; mx, maxilla; na, nasal; or, orbit; pf, prefrontal; rp, reception pit; sof, suborbital fenestra; Vpal, foramen for palatine ramus of cranial nerve V2 (maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve). Scale bar equals 50 mm.

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FIGURE 3 in A reinterpretation and taxonomic revision of Ultrastenos willisi Stein, Hand and Archer, 2016, a short-snouted mekosuchine crocodylian from the Oligocene of northern Australia

FIGURE 3. Ultrastenos huberi, QM F31075, White Hunter Cranial Form 1, posterior cranial fragment. A, B, dorsal view as a photograph (A), and as an annotated photograph with interpretive overlay (B). C, D, occipital view as a photograph (C), and an annotated photograph with interpretive overlay (D). Abbreviations: bo, basioccipital; fa, foramen aereum; fm, foramen magnum; fr, frontal; mf, metotic foramen; mptf, median pharyngeal tube foramen; ncr, nuchal crest; oc, occipital condyle; oto, otoccipital; pa, parietal; parp, paroccipital process; pbs, parabasisphenoid; pcf, posterior carotid foramen; po, postorbital; pop, postoccipital process of the supraoccipital; ptf, posttemporal fenestra; ptyf, pharyngotympanic foramen; q, quadrate; qc, quadrate condyle; qjss, sutural surface for articulation with the quadratougal; so, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra; XIIp, posterior foramen for cranial nerve XII (posterior hypoglossal foramen). Scale bar equals 50 mm.

FIGURE 10 in Palaeoecology and sea level changes: Decline of mammal species richness during late Quaternary island formation in the Montebello Islands, north-western Australia

FIGURE 10. Number of species identified from each spit in Morgan's Cave, illustrating the increasing loss of species from spits four to one.

FIGURE 9 in Palaeoecology and sea level changes: Decline of mammal species richness during late Quaternary island formation in the Montebello Islands, north-western Australia

FIGURE 9. Species-area plot for islands on the north-west continental shelf (filled circles) (data from Abbott and Burbidge, 1995), and spits one to seven in Morgan's Cave (open circles).

FIGURE 8 in Palaeoecology and sea level changes: Decline of mammal species richness during late Quaternary island formation in the Montebello Islands, north-western Australia

FIGURE 8. Log non-volant species vs log area plot for the north-west islands (filled circles) and the super-island at sea level 10 m below present (open circle).

FIGURE 6 in Palaeoecology and sea level changes: Decline of mammal species richness during late Quaternary island formation in the Montebello Islands, north-western Australia

FIGURE 6. Species accumulation curve for Morgan's Cave, showing increasing species with increased sampling effort (cumulative NISP). Further sampling effort could have yielded more species.

Figure 7 in Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia

Figure 7. The remains of a humpback whale juvenile (length estimate 8–9 m), <60 h after it was last seen intact (and probably still alive) at the surface; it was apparently killed and then eaten by sharks during 20–22 May 2014, off Coral Bay, WA. Photo: Migration Media.

Figure 3. A in Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia

Figure 3. A mother humpback and her calf at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Although the killer whales broke off the attack when the pair moved into shallow reef waters, the damage to the calf's lower jaw during the attack would likely prove fatal (#11). Photo: J. Totterdell.

Figure 1 in Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia

Figure 1. Location of our study area off Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, showing locations and outcomes of interactions between humpback whales and killer whales. Inset in upper right shows area where our survey effort was concentrated in 2013 (see Methods).

Figure 4. A in Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia

Figure 4. A humpback mother lifts her calf out of the water on her back shortly before it was killed by attacking killer whales (#9). The killer whale on the far left is carrying the carcass of another humpback calf taken several minutes earlier (#8). Photo: S. Wenngren.

Figure 2 in Whale killers: Prevalence and ecological implications of killer whale predation on humpback whale calves off Western Australia

Figure 2. Movements of a satellite-tagged killer whale that we tracked for 22 d in July/ August 2013 off Western Australia. The track was estimated by fitting a continuous-time correlated random walk model (Johnson et al. 2008) to 452 locations calculated by the Argos satellite system (http://www.argos-system.org) to estimate locations and velocities at hourly intervals. Colored circles represent the estimated displacement velocity for each predicted location (speed in km/h; green is slower, red is faster), with speed classified into one of four velocity intervals, determined by the Jenks algorithm for natural breaks (Jenks 1967).

Fig. 3 in Epidemiology and molecular phylogeny of Babesia sp. in Little Penguins Eudyptula minor in Australia

Fig. 3. Agarose gel electrophoresis of amplification products obtained through nested PCR tests targeting the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia (primers Bab5.1/BabB followed by RLBF/RLBR) or the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of Haemoproteus/Plasmodium (primers HaemNFI/HaemNR3 followed by HaemF/HaemR2). The following samples are represented: (a) captive-born little penguin chick, negative blood smear; (b) adult wild little penguin, negative blood smear; (c) Babesia-infected adult wild little penguin, as confirmed through blood smear; (d) Haemoproteus-infected adult tropical screech owl, as confirmed through blood smear; (e) Plasmodium-inoculated chicken, raised in arthropod-free environment; (f) blood parasite-free chicken, raised in arthropodfree environment.

Fig. 1 in Epidemiology and molecular phylogeny of Babesia sp. in Little Penguins Eudyptula minor in Australia

Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of sampling locations, southeast Australia. Site details are given in Table 1. The geographic distribution of little penguins (black area) is shown in the top right map (adapted from Marchant and Higgins, 1990).

Fig. 4 in Epidemiology and molecular phylogeny of Babesia sp. in Little Penguins Eudyptula minor in Australia

Fig. 4. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the 18S rRNA gene of the studied Babesia lineages. Lineages identified in this study are emphasized in red, and other avianinfecting lineages are emphasized in blue. For each lineage, the following information is provided: morphospecies (Genbank ascension number) host species. For avianinfecting lineages, the geographic location is also provided. Branch lengths are drawn proportionally to evolutionary distance (scale bar is shown). For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.

Fig. 2 in Epidemiology and molecular phylogeny of Babesia sp. in Little Penguins Eudyptula minor in Australia

Fig. 2. Babesia sp. in the blood smear of a little penguin. Individual details: TAS- 124, male, adult, moulting, sampled at "Darlington Foreshore" (Maria Island, Tasmania) in 21/02/2013, Genbank ascension number KP144323, Giemsa stain.

Fig. 1 in Observation of a novel Babesia spp. in Eastern Grey Kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) in Australia

Fig. 1. Photomicrograph of a blood smear from an Eastern Grey kangaroo stained with Giemsa and showing the presence of Babesia species merozoites. Bar = 10 µm.

Fig. 3 in Observation of a novel Babesia spp. in Eastern Grey Kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) in Australia

Fig. 3. Electron micrographs of Babesia spp. (Case 2) within an erythrocyte. Nucleus (N); host cytoplasm (HC); endoplasmic reticulum (ER); ribosome (RI); mitochondria (MC), and invagination (I). Bar = 0.5 µm.

Fig. 2 in Observation of a novel Babesia spp. in Eastern Grey Kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) in Australia

Fig. 2. Photomicrograph of blood smears stained with Diff-Quik (A) and Giemsa (B–F) from eastern grey kangaroos (Cases 2 and 3) showing diverse forms of Babesia including paired merozoites (2A), multiple ring-shaped trophozoites with a chromatin dot (2B), a large ring-shaped trophozoite with three chromatin dots (2C), ring-shaped trophozoite with a pair of buds in early dividing stage (2D), two dividing trophozoites with a cytoplasmic bridge (2E), and a clump of diverse forms of extraerythrocytic Babesia (3F). Bar = 10 µm.

Fig. 4 in Observation of a novel Babesia spp. in Eastern Grey Kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) in Australia

Fig. 4. Minimum evolution phylogenetic tree based on a 1560 bp 18S rRNA alignment for representatives of the genus Babesia including the new kangaroo-infecting species (in bold and underlined) originating from Cases 1 and 2. Also underlined and in bold are other species sequenced as part of this study. Branch support is shown with a ‡ where all tree building methods (parsimony, distance and likelihood) had at least 70% bootstrap and Bayesian support.