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opennotspecifiedNov 2021View details →

FIGURE 2 in Laemophloeus souzalimai, a new species of lined flat bark beetle (Coleoptera Cucujoidea, Laemophloeidae) from Southeast Brazil

FIGURE 2. Laemophloeus souzalimai sp. nov.: head and pronotum, and antennomeres 4–6 of the (A–C) holotype male and the (D–F) paratype female. Genitalia of the paratype male: (G) claspers and aedeagus, (H) median lobe and tegmen, showing the X-shaped, basal sclerite of the internal sac, and (I) claspers. Scales: A, D = 0.3 mm; B, E = 200 µm; C, F = 50 µm. SEM images by Maria Oneide Silva de Moraes.

opennotspecifiedMar 2021View details →

FIGURE. Euphorbia agatheae in the type locality (Ifaty, north of Toliary). A. habit; B. detail of the bark. Credits: T.Haevermans (A and B). in Taxonomic changes and new species in Malagasy Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae)

FIGURE. Euphorbia agatheae in the type locality (Ifaty, north of Toliary). A. habit; B. detail of the bark. Credits: T.Haevermans (A and B).

opennotspecifiedDec 2021View details →

FIGURE. Basidiocarps of species of Agaricales in Panama. a. Asterophora parasitica (PAN180) on decayed basidiocarp of Russula sp. b–c. Campanophyllum probiscideum. b. On bark of a standing tree (KaiR434). c. From above and below (KaiR434). d–e. Rhodocollybia tablensis. d. (KaiR484). e. (PAN238). f. Cantharocybe brunneovelutina (PAN260). g. Pluteus hongoi (PAN413). h. Tetrapyrgos atrocyanea (KaiR395). Bars a = 1 cm, b, c, f, g = 2 cm, d, e = 5 cm, h = 0.5 cm. a, f, g Photos by H. Lotz-Winter. b, c, d, h Photos by K. Reschke. e Photo by O. Koukol. in New and interesting species of Agaricomycetes from Panama

FIGURE. Basidiocarps of species of Agaricales in Panama. a. Asterophora parasitica (PAN180) on decayed basidiocarp of Russula sp. b–c. Campanophyllum probiscideum. b. On bark of a standing tree (KaiR434). c. From above and below (KaiR434). d–e. Rhodocollybia tablensis. d. (KaiR484). e. (PAN238). f. Cantharocybe brunneovelutina (PAN260). g. Pluteus hongoi (PAN413). h. Tetrapyrgos atrocyanea (KaiR395). Bars a = 1 cm, b, c, f, g = 2 cm, d, e = 5 cm, h = 0.5 cm. a, f, g Photos by H. Lotz-Winter. b, c, d, h Photos by K. Reschke. e Photo by O. Koukol.

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Systematic revision of the arboreal Neotropical 'Thorellii' clade of Centruroides Marx, 1890 bark scorpions (Buthidae c.l. Koch, 1837) with descriptions of six new species

The arboreal Neotropical 'thorellii' clade of Centruroides Marx, 1890 bark scorpions (Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837) is revised, using a novel approach to species delimitation. A phylogenetic analysis, based on 112 morphological characters and 1078 aligned DNA nucleotides from the mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene, provided the framework for placing singletons from geographically disparate localities (and often with suboptimal preservation) using COI minibarcodes, thereby enlarging the taxon sample for diagnosis and delimitation of morphological species. Six new species are described, tripling the known diversity in the clade to nine: Centruroides berstoni, sp. nov.; Centruroides catemacoensis, sp. nov.; Centruroides chanae, sp. nov.; Centruroides cuauhmapan, sp. nov.; Centruroides hamadryas, sp. nov.; Centruroides yucatanensis, sp. nov. Revised diagnoses are presented for Centruroides hoffmanni Armas, 1996, Centruroides rileyi Sissom, 1995, and Centruroides schmidti Sissom, 1995. Comparative images, a key and distribution maps for all species of the clade are provided, along with a summary of available data for their ecology.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

opennotspecifiedJul 2020View details →

Fig. 1 in Hymenobacter ginkgonis sp. nov., isolated from bark of Ginkgo biloba

Fig. 1. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showing the phylogenetic position of strain HMF4947T in the genus Hymenobacter. Bootstrap percentages (>70 %) from neighbour-joining (above nodes) analyses are shown. Filled and open circles indicate nodes recovered by all three treeing methods or by two treeing methods, respectively. Rhodocytophaga aerolata 5416 T-29T (EU004198) was used as an outgroup. Bar, 0.02 substitutions per nucleotide position.

opennotspecifiedMar 2017View details →

Fig. 1 in Corticicoccus populi gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Staphylococcaceae, isolated from symptomatic bark of Populus × euramericana canker

Fig. 1. Maximum-likelihood tree showing phylogenetic relationships among members of the family Staphylococcaceae and two novel strains based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Bacillus beringensis BR035T was used as an outgroup. Numbers at nodes are bootstrap values (%) based on 1000 replicates; only bootstrap values>50 % are shown. Bar, 0.01 substitutions per nucleotide site.

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Data from: RNA-Seq reveals adaptive genetic potential of the rare Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana) in the face of Ips bark beetle outbreaks

The ability of tree species to adapt to water stress and increased frequency of bark beetle outbreaks with climate change may increase with population size and standing genetic variation, calling into question the resilience of small, rare plant populations. The Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana) is a rare, genetically depauperate conifer that occurs naturally in a mainland and island population in southern California. Due to recent declines in the mainland population coinciding with drought and Ips paraconfusus bark beetle outbreaks, the species would benefit from an assessment of adaptive genetic diversity. Here, we use RNA-Seq to survey gene-coding diversity across 40 individuals to 1) characterize patterns of genetic diversity in the species and 2) test for genetic differentiation between trees that succumbed to beetle attack or survived following an outbreak. Consistent with previous studies, we found few genetic variants, with most SNPs occurring as fixed differences between populations. However, we found structure within the mainland and polymorphisms segregating in both populations. Interestingly, we found differentiation in genotypes between attacked and surviving trees and 11 SNPs associated with survival status, several of which had defense-related functions. While low diversity suggests limited adaptive capacity, genetic associations with survival in functionally relevant genes suggest adaptive potential for bark beetle defense. This initial study prompts future research to explore the genetic basis of putative resistance and suggests conservation efforts should protect surviving genotypes and the full spectrum of genetic diversity across populations to preserve the evolutionary potential of the species.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

FIGURES 11–19 in The strongly dimorphic bark beetle genus Pseudomicracis (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) in Madagascar-an integrated taxonomic revision

FIGURES 11–19. Dorsal, lateral and front view of Pseudomicracis madagascariensis male allotype (11, 14, 17) and female from Marojejy (12, 15, 18); Pseudomicracis difficilis female (13, 16, 19).

FIGURES 45–53 in The strongly dimorphic bark beetle genus Pseudomicracis (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) in Madagascar-an integrated taxonomic revision

FIGURES 45–53. Dorsal, lateral and front view of Pseudomicracis tomicoides female allotype (45, 48, 51); Pseudomicracis dispar female (46, 49, 52); Pseudomicracis pennata female allotype (47, 50, 53).

FIGURES 36–44 in The strongly dimorphic bark beetle genus Pseudomicracis (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) in Madagascar-an integrated taxonomic revision

FIGURES 36–44. Dorsal, lateral and front view of Pseudomicracis tomicoides male holotype (36, 39, 43); Pseudomicracis dispar male (37, 40, 43); Pseudomicracis pennata male holotype (38, 41, 44).

FIGURE 1 in The strongly dimorphic bark beetle genus Pseudomicracis (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) in Madagascar-an integrated taxonomic revision

FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood tree topology based on nucleotides from five gene fragments. Bootstrap node support above nodes. Parsimony bootsrap support below (if different).

FIGURE 1 in Extant genus of flat bark beetle (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) with a present-day Australian-southern South American disjunction discovered in Eocene Rovno amber

FIGURE 1. Austronausibius aenigmatista sp. nov., holotype, 6816 [MAIG]: A—habitus, dorsal view; B—habitus, ventral view; C—details of left posterior pronotal and anterior elytral sides, black arrow indicates humeral denticle. Scale bars represent 1.0 mm (A, B) or 0.5 mm (C).

FIGURE 2. Magnolia brunnescens. A. Habit. B. Leaves. C. Bark when young. D. Bark when mature. E in Magnolia brunnescens (Magnoliaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China

FIGURE 2. Magnolia brunnescens. A. Habit. B. Leaves. C. Bark when young. D. Bark when mature. E. Indument of leaf in adaxial view. F. Indument of leaf in abaxial view. G. Vegetative bud attached to twig. H. Floral bud. I. Flower in semi-bloom. J. Open flower in side view. K. Gynoecium. L. Adaxial view of tepals in four whorls, from outer to internal. M. Stamens. N. Carpels. O. Aggregate fruit. P. Seeds.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

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Considering inner and outer bark as distinctive tissues helps to disentangle the effects of bark traits on decomposition

Revealing the ecological consequences of bark multifunctionality and its underlying traits has become a relatively new but essential focus in plant ecology. Although the enormous differences between the most crucial bark layers, i.e., inner and outer bark, in structure and functions have been widely recognized, the overall bark has been regarded as a homogenous tissue in most bark-related studies. This has led to poor knowledge on the functional independence, specialized contributions and possible linkages of inner and outer bark traits across tree species when further evaluating the crucial ecosystem functions that bark provides, especially in driving variation in bark decomposition. To fill this research gap, we used a "common garden experiment" on deadwood of six gymnosperms in a temperate forest in the Netherlands over four years of decomposition. We evaluated the differences and associations between inner and outer bark in initial functional traits, decomposition rates and afterlife effects of traits in driving in-situ bark decomposition across tree species at the earlier decomposition stage. We report four main findings: 1) inner and outer bark traits varied significantly and were not coordinated across tree species; 2) correspondingly, the decomposition of inner and outer bark were asynchronous and not coordinated across species and inner bark generally decomposed faster than outer bark; 3) the strong predictive traits driving bark decomposability were bark layer-specific, with several inner bark traits controlling inner bark decomposition rates but outer bark decomposability being poorly predicted by outer bark traits; 4) besides being controlled by inner bark traits, inner bark decomposition was also indirectly regulated by several functional traits and the structure-related trait spectrum of outer bark. Synthesis. This is the first study that has linked functional traits, decomposability and afterlife effects of inner and outer bark within the bark quantitatively. We highlight the significance of separating functional traits and ecological consequences of inner and outer bark in research in bark ecology and deadwood dynamics, rather than erroneously considering bark as a homogeneous tissue. Such research will help to better evaluate the function-oriented contribution of bark to the turnover of forest carbon and biogeochemical cycles from local to global scale.

FIGURES 34–38 in Revision of the bark louse genus Ceratostigma Li, 2002 (Psocodea: Psocidae: Psocinae) with description of a new species from China

FIGURES 34–38. Ceratostigma stagona sp. n., holotype female. 34. Forewing; 35. Hindwing; 36. Head, frontal view; 37. Habitus, lateral view; 38. Habitus, dorsal view.

FIGURES 39–44 in Revision of the bark louse genus Ceratostigma Li, 2002 (Psocodea: Psocidae: Psocinae) with description of a new species from China

FIGURES 39–44. Ceratostigma stagona sp. n., holotype female. 39. Genitalia, dorsal view; 40. Epiproct and paraproct, dorsal view; 41. Genitalia, lateral view; 42. Gonapophyses, ventral view; 43–44. Subgenital plate, ventral view. ep: epiproct; pp: paraproct; vv: ventral valve; dv: dorsal valve; ev: external valve.

FIGURES 23–27 in Revision of the bark louse genus Ceratostigma Li, 2002 (Psocodea: Psocidae: Psocinae) with description of a new species from China

FIGURES 23–27. Ceratostigma stagona sp. n., paratype male. 23. Forewing; 24. Hindwing; 25. Head, frontal view; 26. Habitus, lateral view; 27. Habitus, dorsal view.

FIGURES 8–15. Ceratostigma gracile Li, 2002, paratype female. 8 in Revision of the bark louse genus Ceratostigma Li, 2002 (Psocodea: Psocidae: Psocinae) with description of a new species from China

FIGURES 8–15. Ceratostigma gracile Li, 2002, paratype female. 8. Forewing; 9. Hindwing; 10–11. Epiproct and paraproct, dorsal view; 12–13. Gonapophyses, ventral view; 14–15. Subgenital plate, ventral view. ep: epiproct; pp: paraproct; vv: ventral valve; dv: dorsal valve; ev: external valve.

FIGURES 28–33 in Revision of the bark louse genus Ceratostigma Li, 2002 (Psocodea: Psocidae: Psocinae) with description of a new species from China

FIGURES 28–33. Ceratostigma stagona sp. n., paratype male. 28–29. Epiproct and paraproct, dorsal view; 30–31. Hypandrium; 32–33. Phallosome. ep: epiproct; pp: paraproct.

FIGURES 1–7. Ceratostigma gracile Li, 2002, holotype male. 1 in Revision of the bark louse genus Ceratostigma Li, 2002 (Psocodea: Psocidae: Psocinae) with description of a new species from China

FIGURES 1–7. Ceratostigma gracile Li, 2002, holotype male. 1. Forewing; 2. Hindwing; 3. Genitalia, dorsal view; 4. Epiproct and paraproct, dorsal view; 5–6. Hypandrium; 7. Phallosome. ep: epiproct; pp: paraproct.