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4,669 results for “Environment;”
Passive Open-Path Fouriertransform Infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) measurements in the Arctic environment of Ny Ålesund / Svalbard 2023
<p>In the Polar MOSES campaign 2023, a ground-based remote sensing method – OP-FTIR spectroscopy- which is proven to be a flexible long-path technique for the characterization of larger areas was used. This method is able to simultaneously detect various volatile atmospheric compounds relevant for environmental assessment with a single rapid measurement. Many greenhouse gas molecules (e.g., CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>) have unique signatures (absorption or emission bands) in the measured spectral IR range. IR spectroscopy allows spatial and non-invasive characterization of emissions and is a useful method to capture emissions along the coastline, both seaward and landward.</p> <p>The passive technique was applied in a mobile mode to obtain IR spectra at different relevant locations. In order to investigate the near surface atmospheric composition, the mobile passive OP-FTIR spectroscopic scanning measurements was executed with Bruker RAPID devices to cover marine and terrestrial areas. The RAPID passive detection systems was deployed for 360° remote sensing of threats at distances up to 5000 m. Initially, the survey's primary objective was to qualitatively interpret spectra, enabling the identification of emission sources and the characterization of the heterogeneous emission pattern. This was achieved through the measurements in different directions to allow the direct comparisons of the various compartments under investigation and their potential interactions.</p>
Classification Of Large-Scale Environments That Drive The Formation Of Mesoscale Convective Systems Over Southern West Africa
<p>This is a set of datasets used for the publication of the article titled: Classification Of Large-Scale Environments That Drive The Formation Of Mesoscale Convective Systems Over Southern West Africa</p>
Data for: The relative impact of parental and current environment on plant transcriptomes depends on type of stress and genotype
<p>Through developmental plasticity, an individual organism integrates influences from its immediate environment with those due to the environment of its parents. While both effects on phenotypes are well documented, their relative impact has been little studied in natural systems, especially at the level of gene expression. We examined this issue in four genotypes of the annual plant <em>Persicaria maculosa</em> by varying two key resources light and soil moisture in both generations. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the relative effects of parent and offspring environment on gene expression (i.e., the number of differentially expressed transcripts, DETs) varied both for the two types of resource stress and among genotypes. For light, immediate environment induced more DETs than parental environment for all genotypes (although the precise proportion of parental versus immediate DETs varied among genotypes). By contrast, the relative effect of soil moisture varied dramatically among genotypes, from 8-fold more DETs due to parental than immediate conditions to 10-fold fewer. These findings provide evidence at the transcriptome level that the relative impacts of parental and immediate environment on the developing organism may depend on the environmental factor and vary strongly among genotypes, providing potential for the interplay of these developmental influences to evolve.</p>
Environment differentially affects the functional and phylogenetic structures of plant communities in a dry evergreen Afromontane tropical forest
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Testing how local environmental conditions influence plant community assembly is important to understand the underlying mechanisms that promote and/or maintain biodiversity. Functional traits are used to find the broad spectrum of resource use strategies that plants use to</span><span> respond to environmental variation</span><span>. The patterns and drivers of plant community assembly through the lens of traits and phylogeny, however, remain to be studied in a uniquely biodiversity rich but poorly known fragmented dry Afromontane forest of Ethiopia. Here, we combined trait and community phylogenetic data from thirty sampling plots of 20 × 20 m size to determine the functional and phylogenetic structures and their drivers in a fragmented, human-dominated dry evergreen Afromontane forest. We found phylogenetic and functional clustering of plants in which the effect of environment was found to be trait specific. A weak phylogenetic signal for traits was detected suggesting that species resource use strategies may not be inferred using species phylogenetic distance. Additionally, we found functional traits to be weak in predicting species abundance distribution. Overall, while this study shows a non-random community assembly pattern, it also highlights the importance of deterministic processes being trait specific. </span></p>
Dataset for: Older adults' suggestions of research topics on ageing well in urban environments – a participatory study
<p>Dataset related to the manuscript <em>Older adults’ suggestions of research topics on ageing well in urban environments – a participatory study</em>.</p> <p>For this study, a total of 1000 participants aged 65 years or older from five different neighborhoods of Berlin were randomly chosen and were sent a single item questionnaire allowing them to freely propose research topics regarding ageing well in the city. This dataset contains the valid answers we received by participants. Only information that potentially allowed identification of the participants (name, addresses, exact location descriptions) were redacted.</p>
Data from: Rapid decline of prenatal maternal effects with age is independent of postnatal environment in a precocial bird
<p><span>Maternal effects are an important source of phenotypic variation with potentially large fitness consequences,</span> <span>but how their importance varies with the quality of the environment across an individual's ontogeny is poorly understood. We bred Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix</em> <em>japonica</em>) of known pedigree and experimentally manipulated the quality of offspring diet to estimate the importance of prenatal maternal effects in shaping variation in body mass from hatching to adulthood. Maternal genetic effects on body mass at hatching were strong, and largely caused by variation in egg mass, but their importance rapidly declined with age. Whereas there was a large effect of diet on growth, this did not affect the decline of maternal effects variance. The importance of additive genetic and residual variance increased with age, with the latter being considerably larger in the poor diet treatment. Hence, we found no evidence for prenatal maternal effect by postnatal environment interactions, and that prenatal maternal effects are rapidly replaced by direct additive genetic and residual effects when offspring start to develop outside the egg. Thereby these results shed new light on the dynamics of the role of maternal versus offspring genes across ontogeny and environments.</span></p>
Data for: Social environment and masculinization level interact to explain male testosterone levels in a social rodent
<p><span>In vertebrates, male testosterone levels vary across the year and are generally higher during the mating period relative to the offspring-rearing period. However, male testosterone levels may also be influenced by male morphotype (males with different levels of masculinization), and by the social environment experienced within a conspecific group. In social species, it has been proposed that high levels of testosterone could be incompatible with the development of an amicable social environment. Thus, in these species, it is predicted that males have relatively low levels of testosterone. Our goal was to examine the potential association between male serum testosterone levels, male morphotype, and the social environment in the caviomorph rodent <em>Octodon</em> <em>degus</em> under natural conditions. We quantified serum testosterone levels of male degus during the periods of mating and offspring rearing, and the size and composition of social groups, including masculinization levels of male and female group members from 2009 to 2019. Our results revealed that male testosterone levels covary with the period, male morphotype, and female and male social group environments, but not with offspring social environment (total number of offspring in the social group). Additionally, male degus exhibit low levels of testosterone that are indistinguishable from female levels during mating and offspring rearing. Similar to other highly social mammals, male amicable behavior could be the best male mating strategy, implying a downregulation of males' testosterone levels.</span></p>
Early life telomeres are influenced by environments acting at multiple temporal and spatial scales
<p><span>An individual's telomere length early in life may reflect or contribute to key life history processes sensitive to environmental variation. Yet, the relative importance of genetic and</span><span> environmental factors in shaping early life telomere length is not well understood as it requires samples collected from multiple generations with known developmental histories. We used a confirmed pedigree and conducted an animal model analysis of telomere lengths obtained from nestling house sparrows (<em>Passer domesticus</em>) sampled over a span of 22 years. We found significant additive genetic variation for early life telomere length, but it comprised a relatively small proportion (9%) of the total biological variation. Three sources of environmental variation were important: among cohorts, among breeding attempts within years and families, and among nestmates. The magnitude of variation among breeding attempts and among nestmates also differed by cohort, suggesting that interactive effects of environmental factors across time or spatial scales were important, yet we were unable to identify the specific causes of these interactions. The mean amount of precipitation during the breeding season positively predicted telomere length, but neither weather during a given breeding attempt nor date in the breeding season contributed to an offspring's telomere length. At the residual level, level of individual nestlings, offspring sex, size, and mass at 10 days of age also did not predict telomere length. Environmental effects appear especially important in shaping early life telomere length in some species, and an array of complex more focus on how environmental factors that interactions across scales may help to explain some of the variation observed among studies.</span></p>
Airway environment drives the selection of quorum sensing mutants and promote Staphylococcus aureus chronic lifestyle
<p>Sequence data linked to the manuscript "Airway environment drives the selection of quorum sensing mutants and promote <em>Staph</em><em>ylococcus</em><em> aureus</em> chronic lifestyle"</p> <p>- Shotgun metagenomic from sputa of Patients A B C H J</p> <p>- 10 hemolytic and 10 non-hemolytic isolates from competition assays at day 5</p>
Single-atom catalysis in space: Computational exploration of Fischer–Tropsch reactions in astrophysical environments
<p>This supporting material contains:</p> <ul> <li>Cartesian coordinates of the PBE optimized minima and transition states for the reactions under study, in XYZ format.</li> <li>Inputs for the <a href="https://www.cp2k.org/">CP2K</a> and <a href="https://www.crystal.unito.it/">Crystal17</a> packages.</li> <li>Vibrational calculations with all the frequencies.</li> <li>Inputs and outputs for the benchmark study performed with the <a href="https://gaussian.com/">Gaussian16</a> package.</li> </ul>
Data set for model validation in "Simulating ice segregation and thaw consolidation in permafrost environments with the CryoGrid community model"
<p>This upload contains the data set for model validation in the manuscript "Simulating ice segregation and thaw consolidation in permafrost environments with the CryoGrid community model".</p>
Colonizing polar environments: thermal niche evolution in Collembola
<p>Temperature is a primary driver in defining the ecophysiological activity and performance of ectotherms. Thus, thermal tolerance limits have a profound effect in determining geographic ranges. In regions with extreme cold temperatures, lower thermal limits of species are a key physiological trait for survival. Moreover, thermal niche breadth also plays an important role in allowing organisms to withstand climatic variability and confers species with broader potential to establish in new regions. Here we study the evolution of thermal tolerance limits among Collembola (Arthropoda) and explore how they are affected by the colonization of polar environments. In addition, we test the hypothesis that globally invasive species are more eurythermal than non-invasive ones. Critical thermal limits (CT<sub>min</sub> and CT<sub>max</sub>), classic measurements of thermal tolerance, were compiled from the literature and complemented with experimental assays for springtail species. Genetic data of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) was used to assemble a phylogeny. Our results show that polar springtails have lower CT<sub>min</sub> and lower CT<sub>max</sub> compared to species from temperate and tropical regions, consistent with the Polar pressure hypothesis. We found no phylogenetic signal for CT<sub>max</sub>, but low values of phylogenetic signal for CT<sub>min</sub>. Globally invasive species do not have significantly broader thermal tolerance breadth (CT<sub>range</sub>) than non-invasive ones, thus not supporting the predictions of the Eurythermality hypothesis. We conclude that polar springtails have evolved their thermal niches in order to adapt to extremely cold environments, which has led to decreasing both upper and lower thermal tolerance limits.</p>
Importance of mega-environments in evaluation and identification of climate resilient maize hybrids (Zea mays L.)
<p>Multi-location experiments on maize were conducted from 2016 to 2019 at ten locations distributed across two agro-climatic zones (ACZ) i.e., ACZ-3 and ACZ-8 of Karnataka, India. Individual analysis of variance for each location-year combination showed significant differences among the hybrids; similarly, combined analysis showed a higher proportion of GE interaction variance than due to genotype. Mega-environments were identified using biplot approaches such as AMMI, GGE, and WAASB methodologies for the years 2016 to 2019. The BLUP method revealed a high correlation between grain yield and stability indices ranging from 0.67 to 1.0. Considering all three methods together, the three location pairs Arabhavi-Belavatagi, Bailhongal-Belavatagi, and Hagari-Sirguppa had three occurrences in the same mega-environment with a value of 0.67, and these location combinations consistently produced winning genotypes. Among the common winning genotypes identified, it was G7 during 2016 and 2017 and G10 during 2018 and 2019, based on WAASBY. The likelihood of Arabhavi-Nippani, Hagari-Mudhol, and Dharwad-Hagari occurring in the same mega-environment is minimal because they did not share the same winning genotype, with the exception of a small number of events. Despite being in the same agro-climatic zone, Arabhavi, Hagari, and Mudhol rarely had a winning genotype in common. An agro-climatic zone is grouped based on climatic and soil conditions which doesn't consider GE interaction of cultivars thus, releasing the cultivars for commercial cultivation considering mega environments pattern would enhance the yield for the given target region.</p>
Male social environment and female masculinization level interact to explain female testosterone levels in a communally rearing rodent
<p><span>Testosterone is known to modulate several morphological and behavioral phenotypic traits in males. However, females also synthetize testosterone and other androgens which influence the development and function of female tissues. In vertebrates, mating and social interactions can in turn modulate individual female testosterone levels, generally being higher in females that compete for males and/or that monopolize reproduction. Female testosterone levels may also be higher in females with masculinized phenotypes or when females are exposed to the energetic demands of reproduction. We used data from a long-term study (2009–2019) in a natural population of the communally rearing rodent <em>Octodon degus</em> to examine the potential associations between female serum testosterone levels and season, female masculinization morphotype, and the individual composition within social groups. We quantified the size and composition of social groups, including the masculinization morphotype of adult male and female group members. We found that female testosterone levels were higher in masculinized vs. feminized females and were also higher during the offspring-rearing season than the mating season. Female testosterone levels also varied with the number and morphotype of male group members, but not with female or offspring social environments. Together, our results suggest that female testosterone levels are more sensitive to intersexual than to intrasexual interactions. Our results also reveal that female and male testosterone levels do not significantly differ between the sexes, a notable finding previously reported only in rock hyraxes. We discuss how the complex social system of degus could be driving this physiological similarity between the sexes.</span></p>
Structural Adaptation of Fungal Cell Wall in Hypersaline Environment
<p>The unprocessed ssNMR data files generated in this study "Structural Adaptation of Fungal Cell Wall in Hypersaline Environment" have been deposited in Zenodo. Here we employ solid-state NMR spectroscopy to compare the cell wall architecture of Aspergillus sydowii across salinity gradients. </p>
Supplementary Videos for MEMTrack: A deep learning-based approach to micro- motor tracking in dense fibrous environments
<ul><li><strong>Video S1: </strong>Video shows the movement of representative bacterial biomotors from each of the four motility subpopulations in collagen. Video slowed down by 2x</li><li><strong>Video S2:</strong> Videos show ground truth annotation (red) by manual tracking and MEMTrack-enabled automated detection and tracking of bacteria in collagen. All scale bars are 20 µm and timestamp indicates s:ms. Video slowed down by 2x</li><li><strong>Video S3: </strong>Videos show ground truth annotation (red) by manual tracking and MEMTrack-enabled automated detection and tracking of bacteria in aqueous media. All scale bars are 20 µm and timestamp indicates s:ms. Video slowed down by 2x</li></ul>
Vertically inherited microbiota and environment-modifying behaviors indirectly shape the exaggeration of secondary sexual traits in the gazelle dung beetle
<p><span>Many organisms actively manipulate the environment</span><span> in ways that have the potential to feed back on their own development, a process referred to as developmental niche construction</span><span>. Yet, </span><span>the role that constructed biotic and abiotic environments play in shaping phenotypic variation and its evolution is insufficiently understood. Here, we assess whether environmental modifications made by developing dung beetles impact the environment-sensitive expression of secondary sexual traits</span><span>.</span> <span>Larval gazelle dung beetles both physically modify their ontogenetic environment and structure their biotic interactions through the vertical inheritance of microbial symbionts. By experimentally eliminating i) physical environmental modifications, and ii) the vertical inheritance of microbes, we assess the degree to which (sym)biotic and physical environmental modifications shape the exaggeration of several traits </span><span>varying in their degree and direction of sexual dimorphism. We expected the experimental reduction of a larva's ability to shape its environment to affect trait size and scaling, especially for traits that are sexually dimorphic and environmentally plastic</span><span>. </span><span>We find that compromised developmental niche construction indeed shapes sexual dimorphism in overall body size and the absolute sizes of male-limited exaggerated head horns, the strongly sexually dimorphic fore tibia length and width, as well as the weakly dimorphic elytron length and width. This suggests that ontogenetic environmental modifications affect sex-specific phenotypic variation in functional traits. However, most of these effects can be attributed to nutrition-dependent plasticity in size and non-isometric trait scaling, rather than body-size-independent effects on the developmental regulation of trait size. Our findings suggest that the reciprocal relationship between developing organisms, their symbionts, and their environment can have considerable impacts on sexual dimorphism and functional morphology. </span></p>
Data From: Dynamic environments generate geographic fluctuations in population structure of an inland shorebird
<p>Data From: Dynamic environments generate geographic fluctuations in population structure of an inland shorebird. Table S2: δ2H values in breast feathers sampled from 352 pre-fledged young mountain plovers from across the breeding range used for isoscape calibration. The table provides the latitude and longitude coordinates for each δ2H feather sample. </p>
Dataset for Vehicle Indoor Positioning in Industrial Environments with Wi-Fi, inertial, and odometry data
<p>Dataset collected in an indoor industrial environment using a mobile unit (manually pushed trolley) that resembles an industrial vehicle equipped with several sensors, namely, Wi-Fi, wheel encoder (displacement), and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).</p> <p>Sensors were connected to a Raspberry Pi (RPi 3B +), which collected the data from the sensors. Ground truth information was obtained with video camera pointed towards the floor, registering the times when the trolley passed by reference tags.</p> <p>List of sensors:</p> <ul> <li>4x <strong>Wi-Fi interfaces</strong>: Edimax EW7811-Un</li> <li>2x <strong>IMUs</strong>: Adafruit BNO055</li> <li>1x <strong>Absolute Encoder</strong>: US Digital A2 (attached to a wheel with a diameter of 125 mm)</li> </ul> <p>This dataset includes:</p> <ul> <li>1x <strong>Wi-Fi radio map</strong> that can be used for Wi-Fi fingerprinting.</li> <li>6x <strong>Trajectories</strong>: including sensor data + ground truth.</li> <li><strong>APs Information</strong>: list of APs in the building, including their position and transmission channel.</li> <li><strong>Floor plan:</strong> image of the building's floor plan with obstacles and non-navigable areas.</li> <li><strong>Python package</strong> provided for: <ul> <li>parsing the dataset into a data structure (Pandas dataframes).</li> <li>performing statistical analysis on the data (number of samples, time difference between consecutive samples, etc.).</li> <li>computing Dead Reckoning trajectory from a provided initial position.</li> <li>computing Wi-Fi fingerprinting position estimates.</li> <li>determining positioning error in Dead Reckoning and Wi-Fi fingerprinting.</li> <li>generating plots including the floor plan of the building, dead reckoning trajectories, and CDFs.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>When using this dataset, please cite its data description paper:</p> <p>Silva , I.; Pendão, C.; Torres-Sospedra, J.; Moreira, A. Industrial Environment Multi-Sensor Dataset for Vehicle Indoor Tracking with Wi-Fi, Inertial and Odometry Data. <em>Data</em> <strong>2023</strong>, <em>8</em>, 157. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/data8100157" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.3390/data8100157</a> </p> <p> </p>
Dk Reanimated Environment
An animated environment created for the Donkey Kong Reanimated colab: https://twitter.com/dkreanimated2?lang=en Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.