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7,327 results for “Pathway”
Supplementary material 5 from: Suhr EL, O'Dowd DJ, Suarez AV, Cassey P, Wittmann TA, Ross JV, Cope RC (2019) Ant interceptions reveal roles of transport and commodity in identifying biosecurity risk pathways into Australia. NeoBiota 53: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.53.39463
: Data type: biodiversity data
Supplementary material 4 from: Suhr EL, O'Dowd DJ, Suarez AV, Cassey P, Wittmann TA, Ross JV, Cope RC (2019) Ant interceptions reveal roles of transport and commodity in identifying biosecurity risk pathways into Australia. NeoBiota 53: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.53.39463
: Data type: biodiversity data
Supplementary material 2 from: Suhr EL, O'Dowd DJ, Suarez AV, Cassey P, Wittmann TA, Ross JV, Cope RC (2019) Ant interceptions reveal roles of transport and commodity in identifying biosecurity risk pathways into Australia. NeoBiota 53: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.53.39463
: Data type: measurement
Supplementary material 1 from: Suhr EL, O'Dowd DJ, Suarez AV, Cassey P, Wittmann TA, Ross JV, Cope RC (2019) Ant interceptions reveal roles of transport and commodity in identifying biosecurity risk pathways into Australia. NeoBiota 53: 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.53.39463
: Data type: species data
Figure 1 in Low Variation in Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Inhibits Resolution of Invasion Pathways across the Pacific for the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Scarabeidae: Oryctes rhinoceros)
Figure 1. COI haplotype network. TCS Network based on 1480 base pairs of the COI gene region from a total of 127 individuals (8 to 39 from any given location) representing 127 total haplotypes. Hash marks represent a single base pair change. Populations are highly monotypic; Palau is the exception with two haplotypes.
Figure 2. CAD haplotype network. TCS Network based off 814 in Low Variation in Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Inhibits Resolution of Invasion Pathways across the Pacific for the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Scarabeidae: Oryctes rhinoceros)
Figure 2. CAD haplotype network. TCS Network based off 814 base pairs of the CAD gene region from a total of 117 samples (8 to 39 from any given location) representing 234 total haplotypes. Hash marks represent a single base pair change. A PHASE algorithm was used to generate haplotypes from ambiguities present in the sequence data of a multi-copy nuclear gene, resulting in twice as many haplotypes as samples.
Data repository for the article: Fluorescence lifetime imaging unravels the pathway of glioma cell death upon hypericin-induced photodynamic therapy.
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Cartoon: Achieving NetZero: Evaluating interventions to reduce carbon-emissions on the patient care pathway in secondary healthcare - A systematic review and evidence gap map
<p>These three cartoons provide a summary of findings from the systematic review entitled: "Effectiveness of interventions to reduce carbon-emissions within secondary healthcare: Systematic review and narrative synthesis.</p> <p>For further detail on the background, main results and recommendations arising from this systematic review, we recommend you consult the Full Repor and/or Briefing Paper linked below.</p> <p>This work is carried out by Exeter Policy Research Programme Evidence Review Facility [NIHR 200695]. Views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, NIHR, Greener NHS team or NHS England.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Dataset: An integrated picture of the structural pathways controlling the heart performance
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Data from: Pathways of information transmission amongst wild songbirds follow experimentally imposed changes in social foraging structure
Animals regularly use information from others to shape their decisions. Yet, determining how changes in social structure affect information flow and social learning strategies has remained challenging. We manipulated the social structure of a large community of wild songbirds by controlling which individuals could feed together at automated feeding stations (selective feeders). We then provided novel ephemeral food patches freely accessible to all birds and recorded the spread of this new information. We demonstrate that the discovery of new food patches followed the experimentally imposed social structure and that birds disproportionately learnt from those whom they could forage with at the selective feeders. The selective feeders reduced the number of conspecific information sources available and birds subsequently increased their use of information provided by heterospecifics. Our study demonstrates that changes to social systems carry over into pathways of information transfer and that individuals learn from tutors that provide relevant information in other contexts.
Data from: Fuels and fires influence vegetation via above- and below-ground pathways in a high-diversity plant community
1. Fire strongly influences plant populations and communities around the world, making it an important agent of plant evolution. Fire influences vegetation through multiple pathways, both above- and belowground. Few studies have yet attempted to tie these pathways together in a mechanistic way through soil heating even though the importance of soil heating for plants in fire-prone ecosystems is increasingly recognized. 2. Here we combine an experimental approach with structural equation modelling (SEM) to simultaneously examine multiple pathways through which fire might influence herbaceous vegetation. In a high-diversity longleaf pine groundcover community in Louisiana, USA, we manipulated fine-fuel biomass and monitored the resulting fires with high-resolution thermocouples placed in vertical profile above- and belowground. 3. We predicted that vegetation response to burning would be inversely related to fuel load owing to relationships among fuels, fire temperature, duration and soil heating. 4. We found that fuel manipulations altered fire properties and vegetation responses, of which soil heating proved to be a highly accurate predictor. Fire duration acting through soil heating was important for vegetation response in our SEMs, whereas fire temperature was not. 5. Our results indicate that in this herbaceous plant community, fire duration is a good predictor of soil heating and therefore of vegetation response to fire. Soil heating may be the key determinant of vegetation response to fire in ecosystems wherein plants persist by resprouting or reseeding from soil-stored propagules. 6. Synthesis. Our SEMs demonstrate how the complex pathways through which fires influence plant community structure and dynamics can be examined simultaneously. Comparative studies of these pathways across different communities will provide important insights into the ecology, evolution and conservation of fire-prone ecosystems.
Data from: The impact of autotrophic versus heterotrophic nutritional pathways on colony health and wound recovery in corals
For animals that harbor photosynthetic symbionts within their tissues, such as corals, the different relative contributions of autotrophy versus heterotrophy to organismal energetic requirements have direct impacts on fitness. This is especially true for facultatively symbiotic corals, where the balance between host-caught and symbiont-produced energy can be altered substantially to meet the variable demands of a shifting environment. In this study, we utilized a temperate coral-algal system (the northern star coral, Astrangia poculata, and its photosynthetic endosymiont, Symbiodinium psygmophilum) to explore the impacts of nutritional sourcing on the host's health and ability to regenerate experimentally excised polyps. For fed and starved colonies, wound healing and total colony tissue cover were differentially impacted by heterotrophy versus autotrophy. There was an additive impact of positive nutritional and symbiotic states on a coral's ability to initiate healing, but a greater influence of symbiont state on the recovery of lost tissue at the lesion site and complete polyp regeneration. On the other hand, regardless of symbiont state, fed corals maintained a higher overall colony tissue cover, which also enabled more active host behavior (polyp extension) and endosymbiont behavior (photosynthetic ability of Symbiondinium). Overall, we determined that the impact of nutritional state and symbiotic state varied between biological functions, suggesting a diversity in energetic sourcing for each of these processes.
Data from: Experimental evolution of the Caenorhabditis elegans sex determination pathway
Sex determination is a critical developmental decision with major ecological and evolutionary consequences, yet a large variety of sex determination mechanisms exist and we have a poor understanding of how they evolve. Theoretical and empirical work suggest that compensatory adaptations to mutations in genes involved in sex determination may play a role in the evolution of these pathways. Here, we directly address this problem using experimental evolution in Caenorhabditis elegans lines fixed for a pair of mutations in two key sex-determining genes that jointly render sex determination temperature-sensitive and cause intersexual (but still weakly to moderately fertile) phenotypes at intermediate temperatures. After fifty generations, evolved lines clearly recovered towards wild-type phenotypes. However, changes in transcript levels of key sex-determining genes in evolved lines cannot explain their partially (or in some cases, nearly completely) rescued phenotypes, implying that wild-type phenotypes can be restored independently of the transcriptional effects of these mutations. Our findings highlight the microevolutionary flexibility of sex determination pathways, and suggest that compensatory adaptation to mutations can elicit novel and unpredictable evolutionary trajectories in these pathways, mirroring the phylogenetic diversity and macroevolutionary dynamics of sex determination mechanisms.
Data from: Transcriptomic inspection revealed a possible pathway regulating the formation of the high-quality brush hair in Chinese Haimen goat (Capra hircus)
The high-quality brush hair, or Type III brush hair, is coarse hair but with a tip and little medulla, which uniquely grows in the cervical carina of Chinese Haimen goat (Capra hircus). To unveil the mechanism of the formation of Type III brush hair in Haimen goats, transcriptomic RNAseq technology was used for screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the skin samples of the Type III and the non-Type III hair goats, and these DEGs were analysed by KEGG pathway analysis. The results showed that a total of 295 DEGs were obtained, mainly from three main functional types: cellular component, molecular function and biological process. These DEGs were mainly enriched in three KEGG pathways, such as protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, MAPK, and complement and coagulation cascades. These DEGs gave hints to a possible mechanism, under which heat stress possibly initiated the formation. The study provided some useful biological information, which could give a new view about the roles of certain factors in hair growth and give hints on the mechanism of the formation of the Type III brush hair in Chinese Haimen goat.
Combinatorial Strategy for Studying Biochemical Pathways in Double Emulsion Templated Cell-Sized Compartments
<p>Data underlying the figures in the publication “Combinatorial Strategy for Studying Biochemical Pathways in Double Emulsion Templated Cell-Sized Compartments”, published in <em>Adv. Mater</em>., <strong>2020</strong>, 32, 2004804. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adma.202004804">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adma.202004804</a></p> <p>Table of contents:</p> <p><strong>1. Figure 2</strong>; Zip file containing the data for <em>Figure 2</em>. It contains 5 files with the corresponding data:</p> <p><strong> 1.1 Figure 2a-b</strong>: Microscopy images and a video of the emulsions flowing in the main channel of the microfluidic chip, and data for <em>Figure 2b</em> containing the numerical data for the histograms and their corresponding regressed normal distributions out of 2361 measured droplets.</p> <p><strong> 1.2 Figure 2c</strong>: Dataset for <em>Figure 2c</em>, containing the numerical data for the inner and outer diameter variation as a function of the outer phase flow rate.</p> <p><strong> 1.3 Figure 2d</strong>: Dataset for <em>Figure 2d</em>, containing the numerical data for the inner and outer diameter variation as a function of the flow rate ratio.</p> <p><strong> 1.4 Figure 2f</strong>: Dataset for <em>Figure 2f</em>, containing the numerical data for the histogram and its regressed normal distribution and the corresponding image.</p> <p><strong> 1.5 Figure 2g-h-i</strong>: Dataset for <em>Figure 2g, 2h</em> and <em>2i</em>, containing the CLSM image of GUVs loaded with carboxyfluorescein at the beginning of the permeability experiment and the numerical values for the fluorescence studies (<em>Figures 2h</em> and <em>2i</em>).</p> <p><strong>2. Figure 4</strong>; Zip file containing the data for <em>Figure 4h-q</em>. It contains 10 files with the numerical data for the fluorescence study graphs showing the change in intensity over time of fluorescein (<em>Figures 4h-l</em>) and resorufin (<em>Figures 4</em>m-q).</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Systems analysis of adaptive responses to MAP Kinase pathway blockade in BRAF mutant melanoma
Fifty percent of cutaneous melanomas are driven by activated BRAFV600E, but tumors treated with RAF inhibitors, even when they respond dramatically, rapidly adapt and develop resistance. Thus, there is a pressing need to identify the major mechanisms of intrinsic and adaptive resistance and develop drug combinations that target these resistance mechanisms. In a combinatorial drug screen on a panel of 12 treatment-naïve BRAFV600E mutant melanoma cell lines of varying levels of resistance to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibition, we identified the combination of PLX4720, a targeted inhibitor of mutated BRaf, and lapatinib, an inhibitor of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, as synergistically cytotoxic in the subset of cell lines that displayed the most resistance to PLX4720. To identify potential mechanisms of resistance to PLX4720 treatment and synergy with lapatinib treatment, we performed a multi-platform functional genomics analysis to profile the genome as well as the transcriptional and proteomic responses of these cell lines to treatment with PLX4720. We found modest levels of resistance correlated with the zygosity of the BRAF V600E allele and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) mutational status. Layered over base-line resistance was substantial upregulation of many ErbB pathway genes in response to BRaf inhibition, thus generating the vulnerability to combination with lapatinib. The transcriptional responses of ErbB pathway genes are associated with a number of transcription factors, including ETS2 and its associated cofactors that represent a convergent regulatory mechanism conferring synergistic drug susceptibility in the context of diverse mutational landscapes.
Data from: Divergent pathways of nitrogen-fixing trees through succession depend on starting nitrogen supply and priority effects
<p>Nitrogen-fixing trees are a major potential source of nitrogen into terrestrial ecosystems. The degree to which they persist into older forests has considerable implications for forest nitrogen budgets. We characterized nitrogen-fixing tree abundance across stand age in the contiguous United States and analyzed a theoretical model to help understand competitive outcomes and successional trajectories of nitrogen-fixing and nonfixing trees. Nitrogen-fixing tree abundance is bimodal in all regions except the northeastern United States, even in older forests, suggesting that competitive exclusion (including priority effects) is more common than coexistence at the spatial scale of our analysis. Our model analysis suggests conditions under which alternative competitive outcomes are possible and when they are transient (lasting decades-centuries) vs. persistent (millennia). Critically, the timescale of the feedbacks between nitrogen-fixation and soil nitrogen supply, which is thought to drive the exclusion of nitrogen-fixing trees through succession, can be long. Therefore, the long-transient outcomes of competition are more relevant for real forests than the long-term equilibrium. Within these long-term transients, the background soil nitrogen supply is a major determinant of competitive outcomes. Consistent with the expectations of resource ratio theory, competitive exclusion is more likely at high and low nitrogen supply while intermediate nitrogen supply makes coexistence or priority effects possible. However, these outcomes are modified by the nitrogen-fixation strategy: Obligate nitrogen-fixation makes coexistence more likely than priority effects, compared to perfectly facultative fixation. These results advance our understanding of the successional trajectories of nitrogen-fixing trees and their effects on ecosystem development in secondary succession.</p>
Association of SUMOlation pathway genes with stroke in a genome-wide association study in India
<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To undertake a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variants for stroke in Indians.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> In a hospital-based case-control study, eight teaching hospitals in India recruited 4,088 subjects, including 1,609 stroke cases. Imputed genetic variants were tested for association with stroke subtypes using both single-marker and gene-based tests. Association with vascular risk factors was performed using logistic regression. Various databases were searched for replication, functional annotation, and association with related traits. Status of candidate genes previously reported in the Indian population was also checked.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Association of vascular risk factors with stroke were similar to previous reports, and show modifiable risk factors like hypertension, smoking, and alcohol consumption having the highest effect. Single-marker based association revealed two loci for cardioembolic stroke (1p21 and 16q24), two for small vessel disease stroke (3p26 and 16p13), and four for hemorrhagic stroke (3q24, 5q33, 6q13, and 19q13) at P<5×10-8. The index SNP of 1p21 is an eQTL (Plowest=1.74×10-58) for RWDD3 involved in SUMOlation and is associated with platelet distribution width (1.15×10-9) and 18-carbon fatty acid metabolism (P=7.36×10-12). In gene-based analysis we identified three genes (SLC17A2, FAM73A & OR52L1) at P<2.7×10-6. 11 of 32 candidate gene loci studied in Indians replicated (P<0.05), and 21 of 32 loci identified through previous GWAS replicated based on directionality of effect.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This first GWAS of stroke in Indians identified novel loci and replicated previously known loci. For the first time, genetic variants in the SUMOlation pathway which has been implicated in brain ischemia were identified.</p>
Tree-Diagram of Failure Pathways
<p>Tree-diagram of infrastructure failure pathways after a hurricane.</p>
Figure 6. Cyclaster regalis Baker, 1969 in Fasciole pathways in spatangoid echinoids: a new source of phylogenetically informative characters
Figure 6. Cyclaster regalis Baker, 1969. Camera lucida plating diagrams of oral, apical and posterior surfaces. Fascioles are shown as densely stippled bands. Length of test 65 mm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.