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Fig. 6 in Evolution and systematics of Green Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigonia) in the Western Palaearctic: testing concordance between molecular, acoustic, and morphological data

Fig. 6 Comparison of the duty cycle in the songs of the T. armeniaca complex and T. caudata (left panel) and the Tettigonia viridissima group (right panel)

Fig. 2 in Evolution and systematics of Green Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigonia) in the Western Palaearctic: testing concordance between molecular, acoustic, and morphological data

Fig. 2 Oscillograms of the song of the Tettigonia viridissima group (1–9) and T. cantans (10) recorded at two speeds: 1 T. cf. longealata (MO: Ajabo, T = 20 °C), 2 T. cf. vaucheriana (MO: N Fes, T = 20 °C), 3 T. cf. vaucheriana (MO: Bouchfaa W of Taza, T = 21 °C), 4 T. cf. vaucheriana (MO: Tilougguite Pass, T = 23 °C), 5 T. cf. vaucheriana and cf. longealata (MO: El Kebab, T = 25 °C), 6 T. cf. vaucheriana (MO: El Kebab, T = 28–30 °C), 7 T. cf. viridissima (MO: S Aïn Zora, T = 22 °C), 8 T. cf. viridissima (MO: S Aïn Zora, T = 25 °C), 9 T. viridissima (BG: Sofia, T = 27 °C), and 10 T. cantans (IT: Val Malene; from Massa et al. 2012, T = 15 °C)). Scale bar for A is 10 s and for B 2 s

Fig. 5 in Evolution and systematics of Green Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigonia) in the Western Palaearctic: testing concordance between molecular, acoustic, and morphological data

Fig. 5 Appearance of some taxa of Western Palaearctic Tettigonia (relative size proportions between photos not retained). a T. cantans, male, Germany, Gunzenhausen; b T. cantans, female, Germany, Gunzenhausen; c T. uvarovi Ebner, 1946—male, holotype, Siberia (NHMW), lateral view; d same, dorsal view; e T. caudata, male, Bulgaria, Russe district, Byala; f T. acutipennis Ebner, 1946—male, holotype, "Kleinasien 1914 | Marasch, Tölg. | coll. R. Ebner" (NHMW), dorsal view; g same, lateral view; h T. armeniaca, male, Armenia, Djermuk; i T. armeniaca, male, Turkey, Ispir; j T. viridissima morphotype of longealata, male, Morocco, El Kebab; k T. viridissima morphotype of longealata, female, Morocco, El Kebab; l T. viridissima morphotype of vaucheriana, male, Morocco, El Kebab; and m T. viridissima, male and female in copula, Bulgaria, Haskovo district, Kostilkovo village

Fig. 4 in Evolution and systematics of Green Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigonia) in the Western Palaearctic: testing concordance between molecular, acoustic, and morphological data

Fig. 4 Phylogenetic tree of the genus Tettigonia based on BI analysis of concatenated COI-ITS1-ITS2 sequences. BI posterior probability (PP) values are shown near resolved branches (only support values above 0.50). Species groups, as defined by genetic and morpho-acoustic data, are distinctly shaded, and the respective branches are marked with an open circle and a capital letter as follows: "A"—T. viridissima group, "B"—T. caudata group, and "C"—T. cantans group. Haplotype codes correspond to Table 1 in the Supplement, followed by morphological identification. Squares on the right side of names correspond to relative wing length: filled squares short wings and open squares long wings;

Fig. 7 in Evolution and systematics of Green Bush-crickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigonia) in the Western Palaearctic: testing concordance between molecular, acoustic, and morphological data

Fig. 7 Relationship between the duration of chirps and inter-chirp intervals in T. caudata and the Tettigonia armeniaca complex. Green triangles mark recordings from Ispir, Turkey, where monosyllabic, disyllabic, and polysyllabic songs of T. armeniaca were recorded, as well as a song of T. caudata (Color figure online)

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Figs. 1 and 2. 1 in Problems in Costa Rican thrips taxonomy and systematics (Insecta: Thysanoptera)

Figs. 1 and 2. 1. Maxillary stylets of genus Kolia [Fig. 1B from Soto-Rodriguez et al (2013)]. 2. Head and antennae of Jessicathrips cubensis [Fig. 1a from Gonzalez et al. (2010)].

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Figs. 3–9 in Problems in Costa Rican thrips taxonomy and systematics (Insecta: Thysanoptera)

Figs. 3–9. [3–7 provided by Olman Alvarado Rodríguez of CIEMIC, University of Costa Rica]. 3–5. Holotype females of Arthrips madresalvensis, Kolia lilianae and Kolia zaidae. 6–7. Mouth cone of Kolia guanacastenis and Kolia zaidae, with protruding maxillary stylets indicated. 8. Tergite VIII posterior margin of Frankliniella fortissima female labelled "type" with microtrichial comb interrupted medially. 9. Head of Frankliniella caribae holotype (Fig. 2 from Retana-Salazar 2010a).

Figures 60-71 in The systematic position of the scorpion genera Heteroscorpion Birula, 1903 and Urodacus Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Scorpionoidea)

Figures 60-71: Leg tarsus (left), ventrolateral view, of representative genera of families Hemiscorpiidae and Scorpionidae. Note differences in the tarsus terminus and the number of paired spinoid setae between the two families. 60. Heteroscorpion raselimananai, female holotype. 61. Heteroscorpion goodmani, male paratype. 62. Opisthacanthus lepturus. 63. Liocheles australasiae, Papua. 64. Hadogenes troglodytes. 65. Opisthacanthus asper. 66. Urodacus elongatus. 67. Urodacus yaschenkoi. 68. Scorpio maurus. 69. Heterometrus swammerdami. 70. Opistophthalmus wahlbergi. 71. Nebo hierichonticus.

Figure 72 in The systematic position of the scorpion genera Heteroscorpion Birula, 1903 and Urodacus Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Scorpionoidea)

Figure 72: Phylogenies based on Stockwell (1989), Prendini (2000), and the results of our analysis for superfamily Scorpionoidea showing familes and subfamilies. Family-group names are those established in this paper and not necessarily levels used by other authors. For Prendini's (2000: Fig. 2) phylogeny, overall support data is CI/RI = 0.55/0.92, and bootstrap results are shown below the branches and are based on a single sequence of 10,000 pseudoreplicates. For the results of our analysis, all nodes are supported by all (100 %) 992 MPTs. Overall support data for our analysis: CI/RI/G-Fit = 0.6189/0.9310/-93.355; bootstrap values are indicated below the branches and represent the mean value of three 1,000 pseudoreplicate sequences.

Figures 73-74 in The systematic position of the scorpion genera Heteroscorpion Birula, 1903 and Urodacus Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Scorpionoidea)

Figures 73-74: Alternative topologies and support for scorpionoid families Scorpionidae and Hemiscorpiidae based on the character state assignments of a single ventromedian (VM) carina found on metasomal segments I–IV (character 95). 73. Subfamilies Urodacinae, Heteroscorpioninae, and Hemiscorpiinae are assigned different state values: Note that for majority-rule consensus of 23,990 MPTs, clades Scorpioninae + Urodacinae and Hemiscorpiinae + Hormurinae show only 59 % and 69 % support, respectively. 74. Subfamily Urodacinae is assigned a different state value than subfamilies Heteroscorpioninae and Hemiscorpiinae: Note that all clades are supported by all (100 %) 992 MPTs, both for strict and majority-rule consensus.

Figures 41-44 in The systematic position of the scorpion genera Heteroscorpion Birula, 1903 and Urodacus Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Scorpionoidea)

Figures 41-44: Sterna of genera Heteroscorpion and Urodacus. 41. H. goodmani, male paratype. 42. Heteroscorpion opisthacanthoides, female. 43. Urodacus yaschenkoi, female. 44. U. elongatus, male.

Figures 45-49 in The systematic position of the scorpion genera Heteroscorpion Birula, 1903 and Urodacus Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Scorpionoidea)

Figures 45-49: Diagrammatic pattern of denticle edge of chelal movable finger, distal aspect, showing first three denticle groups (DG). 45. Heteroscorpion goodmani. 46. Urodacus yaschenkoi. 47. Urodacus novaehollandiae. 48. Urodacus elongatus. 49. Urodacus armatus.

Figures 13-18 in The systematic position of the scorpion genera Heteroscorpion Birula, 1903 and Urodacus Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Scorpionoidea)

Figures 13-18: Diagrammatic trichobothrial pattern of external surface of chela for genus Urodacus showing external accessory trichobothria. 13. Urodacus manicatus. 14. U. novaehollandiae. 15. U. armatus. 16. U. elongatus. 17. U. hoplurus. 18. U. yaschenkoi. Open circles depict orthobothriotaxy, closed circles depict hypothesized external accessory trichobothria. Note, ventral accessory trichobothria located on the extreme basal aspect of the palm are not shown.

Figures 1-4 in The systematic position of the scorpion genera Heteroscorpion Birula, 1903 and Urodacus Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Scorpionoidea)

Figures 1-4: Diagrammatic trichobothrial pattern of external surface of patella for genus Heteroscorpion. 1. Heteroscorpion raselimananai. 2. H. goodmani. 3. H. opisthacanthoides (after Vachon, 1974, in part) 4. H. magnus (after Lourenço & Goodman, 2002, in part). Distal ventral trichobothrium number and position depicted as vxx. Open circles depict orthobothriotaxy based on Vachon (1974: Fig. 106), closed circles depict hypothesized accessory trichobothria.

Figures 50-59 in The systematic position of the scorpion genera Heteroscorpion Birula, 1903 and Urodacus Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Scorpionoidea)

Figures 50-59: Pedipalp patella, dorsal view, comparing the development of the internal projection of select hemiscorpiid genera with that of genus Urodacus. 50. Heteroscorpion raselimananai, female holotype. 51. Heteroscorpion goodmani, male paratype. 52. Opisthacanthus lepturus. 53. Hadogenes troglodytes. 54. Liocheles australasiae, Papua. 55. Urodacus novaehollandiae. 56. Urodacus yaschenkoi. 57. Urodacus hoplurus. 58. Urodacus manicatus. 59. Urodacus armatus. Note, only dorsal trichobothria, d1 and d2, are shown.

Figures 5-12 in The systematic position of the scorpion genera Heteroscorpion Birula, 1903 and Urodacus Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Scorpionoidea)

Figures 5-12: Diagrammatic trichobothrial pattern of external surface of patella for genus Urodacus. 5. Urodacus manicatus. 6. U. mckenziei (after Volschenk et al., 2000: Fig. 11, in part). 7. U. planimanus. 8. U. novaehollandiae. 9. U. armatus. 10. U. elongatus. 11. U. hoplurus. 12. U. yaschenkoi. Distal ventral trichobothrium number and position depicted as vxx. Open circles depict orthobothriotaxy based on Vachon (1974: Fig. 107), closed circles depict hypothesized accessory trichobothria.

Figure 25 in A new trichobothrial character for the high-level systematics of Buthoidea (Scorpiones: Buthida)

Figure 25: Cladograms showing majority-rule consensus of 3 MPTs for upper-level phylogeny of superfamily Buthoidea with characters distributed. Top cladogram assumes trichobothrium d3 is located external to (the nonexistent) DMc carina in Pseudochactas; bottom cladogram assume trichobothrium is located internal to DMc carina. Six partially defined clades are identified by the name of the group of genera (see Fig. 23 for group contents and character definitions). Characters 3 and 4 are ordered. Ambiguous character distribution is identified with the A(CCTRAN) or D(ELTRAN) designation. Consensus tree support (a percentage) is presented under branch. Open rectangles depict homoplasious characters. Character number depicted on top and character state on bottom.

Figure 23 in A new trichobothrial character for the high-level systematics of Buthoidea (Scorpiones: Buthida)

Figure 23: Cladogram showing majority-rule consensus of 9 MPTs for upper-level phylogeny of superfamily Buthoidea with characters distributed. Assumes character-2 (trichobothrium d3 position with respect to DMc carina) as inapplicable (-) for Pseudochactas. Six partially defined clades are identified by the name of the group of genera. Characters 3 and 4 are ordered. Ambiguous character distribution is identified with the A(CCTRAN) and/or D(ELTRAN) designation. Consensus tree support (a percentage) is presented under each branch. Tree support: length/CI/RI/G-Fit = 14/0.9286/0.9931/-5.750. Open rectangles depict homoplasious characters. Character number depicted on top and character state on bottom.

Figure 24 in A new trichobothrial character for the high-level systematics of Buthoidea (Scorpiones: Buthida)

Figure 24: Cladogram showing majority-rule consensus of 9 MPTs for upper-level phylogeny of superfamily Buthoidea with characters distributed. Assumes character-2 (trichobothrium d3 position with respect to DMc carina) as unknown (?) for Pseudochactas. Six partially defined clades are identified by the name of the group of genera (see Fig. 23 for group contents and character definitions). Characters 3 and 4 are ordered. Ambiguous character distribution is identified with the A(CCTRAN) or D(ELTRAN) designation. Consensus tree support (a percentage) is presented under branch. Open rectangles depict homoplasious characters. Character number depicted on top and character state on bottom.

Figures 13-22 in A new trichobothrial character for the high-level systematics of Buthoidea (Scorpiones: Buthida)

Figures 13-22: Pedipalp patella, dorsal view, showing the alignment of trichobothrium d3 with respect to the dorsomedian (DMc) carina. In these figures, d3 is situated external to the DMc carina. 13. Lychas sp. 14. Isometrus maculatus. 15. Grosphus hirtus. 16. Parabuthus sp. 17. Uroplectes vittatus. 18. Microcharmus hauseri, holotype. 19. Centruroides margaritatus (after Santiago-Blay et al., 2004b, in part). 20. Rhopalurus junceus (after Santiago-Blay et al., 2004b, in part). 21. Tityus nematochirus (after Soleglad & Fet, 2003b, in part). 22. Alayotityus nanus (note trichobothrium d2 is absent). Only trichobothria i and d1–d5 are shown in these figures.